View source for Mogen

[[Image:Single_mogen.jpg|right|thumb|Pictured: Mogen Clamp]]
[[Image:Barzel_traditional.jpg|right|thumb|Pictured: Barzel Tool]]

The '''Mogen''' clamp was invented in 1954<ref name='Reynolds 1996'>{{REFweb
 |quote=The Mogen clamp was invented in 1954 by Rabbi Harry Bronstein, a Brooklyn mohel.
 |url=http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/rdr5.html
 |title=Use of the Mogen clamp for neonatal circumcision
 |last=
 |first=
 |publisher=
 |date=
 |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> by a Rabbi Harry Bronstein.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011">{{REFnews
 |last=Hennessy-Fiske
 |first=Molly
 |url=http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-circumcision-20110926,0,4367816.story
 |title=Injuries linked to circumcision clamps
 |publisher=Los Angeles Times
 |quote=It was invented in 1954 by Rabbi Harry Bronstein...
 |date=2011-09-26
 |accessdate=2011-09-25
}}</ref> It is actually one of many successors to the much older, traditional barzel device.<ref>{{REFweb
 |quote=The barzel (Hebrew for iron) also known as a mogen (Hebrew for shield) is a slotted shield ...
 |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/methods.html#barzel
 |title=Methods of circumcision
 |last=
 |first=
 |publisher=
 |website=circumstitions.com
 |date=2011-04-08
 |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> The Mogen clamp's name derives from the Hebrew word "magain," or shield, and it was invented in an effort to standardize [[circumcision]] equipment then in use by both doctors and ''mohelim'' without medical training who perform the procedure in private homes and other locations.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> The device is designed to "shield" the [[glans]], as the name implies, while the [[mohel]] slices off the [[foreskin]].<ref name="kaweblum1984">{{REFjournal
 |last=Kaweblum
 |first=Yosef
 |init=Y
 |author-link=
 |last2=Press
 |first2=Shirley
 |init2=S
 |author2-link=
 |last3=Kogan
 |first3=Leib
 |init3=L
 |author3-link=
 |etal=yes
 |title=Circumcision using the mogen clamp
 |trans-title=
 |language=English
 |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila.)
 |location=
 |date=1984-12
 |volume=23
 |issue=
 |pages=679-82
 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/mogen/
 |archived=
 |quote=
 |pubmedID=6499347
 |pubmedCID=
 |DOI=10.1177/000992288402301204 
 |accessdate=2020-08-06
}}</ref> A user must first rip the [[foreskin]] from the [[glans]], then pull it through the clamp and slices it off with a single motion.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Some orthodox Jews only recognize circumcisions performed with devices based on the traditional design,<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> and for this reason it is preferred by traditional [[mohel| mohelim]].<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" />

== Injury reports ==

The Mogen clamp has a critical design flaw: It does not allow doctors or ''mohelim'' to see what they are cutting.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> As far back as August 2000, the [[FDA|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] issued a public health notice about the Mogen and [[Gomco]] clamps<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> after receiving approximately 20 injury reports a year since 1996,<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> including lacerations, hemorrhaging, penile [[amputation]] and urethral damage.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Instead of recalling the devices, the [[FDA]] advised users to make sure they were using the clamps according to manufacturer's specifications.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> In the 11 years following the FDA warnings, the agency had received 21 reports related to Mogen clamps, all but one of which involved injuries.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Mogen continued to publish in its instructional brochure that "no injury to the glans is possible, even after other glans [[amputation]]s were reported.<ref name='Law.com 2010-07-29'>{{REFnews
 |last=Hayes Tucker
 |first=Katheryn
 |url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202464033969&Atlanta_Lawyer_Takes_on_Botched_Circumcision_Claims_Nationwide&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1
 |title=Atlanta Lawyer Takes on Botched Circumcision Claims Nationwide
 |publisher=
 |website=Law.com
 |quote=She noted an instructional brochure accompanying the Mogen clamp stating that "no injury to glans is possible," even though other [[amputation]]s had been reported.
 |date=2010-07-29
 |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> Full or partial glans [[amputation]]s have been reported for the Mogen clamp, even among experienced conductors of circumcision.<ref name='Journal of Perinatology April/May 2002'>{{REFjournal
 |last=Taeusch
 |first=H. William
 |init=HW
 |last2=Martinez
 |first2=Alma M.
 |init2=AM
 |last3=Partridge
 |first3=J. Colin
 |init3=JC
 |last4=Sniderman
 |first4=Susan
 |init4=S
 |last5=Armstrong-Wells
 |first5=Jennifer
 |init5=J
 |last6=Fuentes-Afflick
 |first6=Elena
 |init6=E
 |title=Pain During Mogen or PlastiBell Circumcision
 |journal=Journal of Perinatology
 |volume=22
 |issue=3
 |pages=214-218
 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/7210653
 |quote=...approximately 10% of the glans of a newborn was amputated (it was reattached surgically) during a Mogen circumcision carried out by two of our most experienced physicians.
 |pubmedID=
 |pubmedCID=
 |DOI=
 |date=2002-04
 |accessdate=2020-12-30
}}</ref><ref name="tagami2010">{{REFnews
 |last=Tagami
 |first=Ty
 |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
 |title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
 |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 |quote=In this case, a New York mohel, or Jewish ritual circumcisor, performed the operation in the baby's home...
 |date=2010-07-19
 |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref>

== Mogen goes out of business ==
 
Mogen went out of business in July of 2010<ref name="tagami2010" /> after losing a 10.8 million dollar law suit,<ref name="tagami2010" /> after a [[mohel]]<ref name="tagami2010" /> severed the end of a baby's glans<ref name="tagami2010" /> using one of their clamps. Mogen claimed that injury was impossible with its use.<ref name="tagami2010" /><ref name='Law.com 2010-07-29' /> The injury behind a prior lawsuit in Fulton County Superior Court had already put Mogen on notice about the danger of the device,<ref name="tagami2010" /> and they were already in default on a $7.5-million judgment in Massachusetts.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" />

In a different case, at South Fulton Medical Center, another law suit was won in 2009.<ref name="tagami2010" /> In that case, a child lost a third of his glans, and the plaintifs were awarded 2.3 million dollars.<ref name="tagami2010" />

== Other law suits involving Mogen ==

Mogen clamps were made by other manufacturers, including Miltex, which stopped distributing the devices in 1994.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Even then, Miltex's then-president Saul Kleinkramer defended the device, placing the blame on "possible mishandling" instead of the design of the device.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Despite having stopped distributing the devices in 1994, some Miltex manufactured Mogen clamps are still in use<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" />, and Miltex, along with their parent company, Integra Life Sciences Holding Corp., were recently involved (July 2011) in a $4.6-million settlement.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> Miltex reached a confidential settlement with a North Hollywood couple for another Mogen-related circumcision botch in 2000.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" /> In its response to the lawsuit, Integra maintained that the Mogen clamp was safe, carried adequate warnings and users should be held liable for any harm caused.<ref name="hennessy-fiske2011" />

== Usage in Africa ==

Despite going out of business in America, and despite its notoriety for glans [[amputation]]s, Mogen clamps are being used in a pilot project to have male children [[circumcised]] at birth under the pretext of [[HIV]] prevention.<ref name='Capital News 2010-09'>{{REFnews
 |last=
 |first=
 |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/Kenyanews/Infants-targeted-in-Kenya-circumcision-project-9762.html
 |title=Infants targeted in Kenya circumcision project
 |publisher=Capital News
 |quote=He explained that the nurses will use special gadgets known as a Mogen clamp to perform the circumcision at birth.
 |date=2010-09
 |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref>

== Comparison Mogen vs Gomco ==
The ''Good Samaritan Hospital''' in Cincinnati, Ohio, was the scene of a notorious circumcision experiment from 2012 to 2014 which compared the [[Gomco]] and [[Mogen]] penis clamps, to determine which was least painful for newborn boys.<ref>{{REFjournal
 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794628?dopt=Abstract
 |title=The GoMo study: a randomized clinical trial assessing neonatal pain with Gomco vs Mogen clamp circumcision
 |last=Sinkey
 |init=RG
 |last2=Eschenbacher
 |init2=MA
 |last3=Walsh
 |init3=PM
 |last4=Doerger
 |init4=RG
 |last5=Lambers
 |init5=DS
 |last6=Sibai
 |init6=BM
 |last7=Habli
 |init7=MA
 |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol
 |date=2015-05
 |volume=212
 |issue=5
 |pages=664.e1-8
 |DOI=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.029
 |accessdate=2020-03-09
}}</ref>
== Video ==
* {{REFweb
 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/newborns/professional-education/circumcision/mogen-clamp-technique.html
 |title=Mogen Clamp Technique
 |last=Duterte
 |first=Brendan
 |init=
 |publisher=Stanford School of Medicine
 |date=2023
 |accessdate=2023-12-02
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Pain]]
* [[Trauma]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFnews
 |title=Circumcision Atrocity Suit Filed Against Coles County Hospital
 |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-07-18_earthtimes.php
 |last=Anonymous
 |first=
 |init=
 |author-link=
 |publisher=Earthtimes
 |website=
 |date=2007-07-18
 |accessdate=
 |format=
 |quote=Due to negligence, Dr. Malek severed the entire glans, commonly termed the head, of the infant's penis.
}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision product]]
[[Category:Lawsuit]]

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[[Category:From IntactWiki]]

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