Male and female circumcision - Revision history

WikiModEn2: /* Mutilation vs. surgical procedure */ Typo.

2024-03-07T20:10:28Z

Mutilation vs. surgical procedure: Typo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 7 March 2024
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	== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==		== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==

	Two factors make the difference between a mutilation and surgical procedure; medical necessity and/or [[informed consent]]. If there is no medical necessity, a procedure is still valid and acceptable if the recipient gives his or her full consent. This must happen in elective cosmetic surgery for example. When there is a medical necessity, but the patient is a minor, this decision must be left up to the minor's parents or guardians. The controversy in male circumcision is in that it is usually performed on a healthy, non-consenting minor where there is no medical necessity or clinical indication. Can a doctor perform non-medical ~~surgerey~~ on a healthy, non-consenting child without a medical necessity or clinical indication, let alone give parents or guardians the option?		Two factors make the difference between a mutilation and surgical procedure; medical necessity and/or [[informed consent]]. If there is no medical necessity, a procedure is still valid and acceptable if the recipient gives his or her full consent. This must happen in elective cosmetic surgery for example. When there is a medical necessity, but the patient is a minor, this decision must be left up to the minor's parents or guardians. The controversy in male circumcision is in that it is usually performed on a healthy, non-consenting minor where there is no medical necessity or clinical indication. Can a doctor perform non-medical surgery on a healthy, non-consenting child without a medical necessity or clinical indication, let alone give parents or guardians the option?

	Children are neither in medical need of surgery, nor can they give their consent to elective cosmetic surgery.		Children are neither in medical need of surgery, nor can they give their consent to elective cosmetic surgery.

WikiAdmin: wikify Informed consent

2022-08-25T12:46:36Z

wikify Informed consent

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 25 August 2022
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	== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==		== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==

	Two factors make the difference between a mutilation and surgical procedure; medical necessity and/or informed consent. If there is no medical necessity, a procedure is still valid and acceptable if the recipient gives his or her full consent. This must happen in elective cosmetic surgery for example. When there is a medical necessity, but the patient is a minor, this decision must be left up to the minor's parents or guardians. The controversy in male circumcision is in that it is usually performed on a healthy, non-consenting minor where there is no medical necessity or clinical indication. Can a doctor perform non-medical surgerey on a healthy, non-consenting child without a medical necessity or clinical indication, let alone give parents or guardians the option?		Two factors make the difference between a mutilation and surgical procedure; medical necessity and/or [[informed consent]]. If there is no medical necessity, a procedure is still valid and acceptable if the recipient gives his or her full consent. This must happen in elective cosmetic surgery for example. When there is a medical necessity, but the patient is a minor, this decision must be left up to the minor's parents or guardians. The controversy in male circumcision is in that it is usually performed on a healthy, non-consenting minor where there is no medical necessity or clinical indication. Can a doctor perform non-medical surgerey on a healthy, non-consenting child without a medical necessity or clinical indication, let alone give parents or guardians the option?

	Children are neither in medical need of surgery, nor can they give their consent to elective cosmetic surgery.		Children are neither in medical need of surgery, nor can they give their consent to elective cosmetic surgery.

WikiAdmin: wikify skin

2021-12-27T16:03:59Z

wikify skin

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 27 December 2021
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	\|-		\|-
	\| "She loses only a little piece of the [[clitoris]], just the part that protrudes. The girl does not miss it. She can still feel, after all. There is hardly any pain. Women's pain thresholds are so much higher than men's."		\| "She loses only a little piece of the [[clitoris]], just the part that protrudes. The girl does not miss it. She can still feel, after all. There is hardly any pain. Women's pain thresholds are so much higher than men's."
	\| "It's only a little piece of skin. The baby does not feel any pain because his nervous system is not developed yet."		\| "It's only a little piece of [[skin]]. The baby does not feel any pain because his nervous system is not developed yet."
	\|-		\|-
	\| "The parts that are cut away are disgusting and hideous to look at. It is done for the beauty of the suture."		\| "The parts that are cut away are disgusting and hideous to look at. It is done for the beauty of the suture."

WikiAdmin: wikify labia majora

2021-12-27T12:18:34Z

wikify labia majora

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 27 December 2021
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	=== Type II ===		=== Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
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	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html

WikiAdmin: wikify labia minora

2021-12-27T12:09:44Z

wikify labia minora

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 27 December 2021
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	=== Type II ===		=== Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the labia minora; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the labia minora and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
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	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html

WikiAdmin: wikify urethra

2021-12-27T10:31:15Z

wikify urethra

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 27 December 2021
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	=== Variations of male genital cutting ===		=== Variations of male genital cutting ===

	Male genital cutting can consist of a mere prick to draw a drop of blood, to cutting off just the tip of the foreskin, full [[excision]] of the [[foreskin]], a procedure called subincision where the underside of the penis is cut lengthwise to expose the urethra, to a [[penectomy]] or shaft removal, castration or the removal of the testes, to the removal of the shaft and testes.		Male genital cutting can consist of a mere prick to draw a drop of blood, to cutting off just the tip of the foreskin, full [[excision]] of the [[foreskin]], a procedure called subincision where the underside of the penis is cut lengthwise to expose the [[urethra]], to a [[penectomy]] or shaft removal, castration or the removal of the testes, to the removal of the shaft and testes.

	=== Variations of female genital cutting ===		=== Variations of female genital cutting ===

WikiAdmin: wikify terms

2021-12-27T09:23:47Z

wikify terms

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:23, 27 December 2021
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	\| "An intact penis causes urinary infections and penile cancer. It generates smegma and smegma stinks. A circumcised penis is more hygienic and oral sex with an intact penis is disgusting to women."		\| "An intact penis causes urinary infections and penile cancer. It generates smegma and smegma stinks. A circumcised penis is more hygienic and oral sex with an intact penis is disgusting to women."
	\|-		\|-
	\|"An intact vulva is unclean and only the lowest prostitute would leave her daughter intact. No man would dream of marrying an unclean woman. He would be laughed at by everyone."		\|"An intact [[vulva]] is unclean and only the lowest prostitute would leave her daughter intact. No man would dream of marrying an unclean woman. He would be laughed at by everyone."
	\|"An intact penis is dirty and only the lowest class of people with no concept of hygiene leave their boys intact."		\|"An intact [[penis]] is dirty and only the lowest class of people with no concept of hygiene leave their boys intact."
	\|-		\|-
	\|"Leaving a girl intact endangers both her husband and her baby. If the baby's head touches the uncut [[clitoris]] during birth, the baby will be born hydrocephalic [excess cranial fluid]. The milk of the mother will become poisonous. If a man's penis touches a woman's [[clitoris]] he will become impotent."		\|"Leaving a girl intact endangers both her husband and her baby. If the baby's head touches the uncut [[clitoris]] during birth, the baby will be born hydrocephalic [excess cranial fluid]. The milk of the mother will become poisonous. If a man's penis touches a woman's [[clitoris]] he will become impotent."

WikiAdmin: wikify clitoridectomy

2021-12-24T08:15:28Z

wikify clitoridectomy

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 24 December 2021
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%" border="0" cellspacing="8"		{\| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%" border="0" cellspacing="8"
	\|- style="background: #c0c0c0"		\|- style="background: #c0c0c0"
	! Clitoridectomy and [[Infibulation]] in Africa		! [[Clitoridectomy]] and [[Infibulation]] in Africa
	! Infant Male Circumcision in the United States		! Infant Male Circumcision in the United States
	\|-		\|-

WikiAdmin: wikify genital integrity

2021-12-21T11:52:44Z

wikify genital integrity

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:52, 21 December 2021
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	== Genital mutilation: different sexes, same principle ==		== Genital mutilation: different sexes, same principle ==

	Quite a few alibis are given as to why male and female circumcision must be placed in different articles, and they will be debunked and discussed at length in this article. However, before going any further, the common thread that binds male and female forced genital cutting will be presented, and it is this; forcefully cutting off part of the genitals of a healthy, non-consenting individual violates the exact same principle of genital integrity.		Quite a few alibis are given as to why male and female circumcision must be placed in different articles, and they will be debunked and discussed at length in this article. However, before going any further, the common thread that binds male and female forced genital cutting will be presented, and it is this; forcefully cutting off part of the genitals of a healthy, non-consenting individual violates the exact same principle of [[genital integrity]].

	== Different sexes, different cultures, same attitudes ==		== Different sexes, different cultures, same attitudes ==

WikiAdmin: wikify various terms

2021-11-24T07:51:35Z

wikify various terms

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 24 November 2021
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	[[Image:tubercle.jpg\|right\|thumb\|The male (left) and female (right) clitoris/penis and prepuce are analogous and homologous organs throughout life. During the first trimester, they are also visually the same. Both are natural, normal, purposeful body organs that equally contribute to the health, functioning, and well-being of their owner.		[[Image:tubercle.jpg\|right\|thumb\|The male (left) and female (right) [[clitoris]]/[[penis]] and [[prepuce]] are analogous and homologous organs throughout life. During the first trimester, they are also visually the same. Both are natural, normal, purposeful body organs that equally contribute to the health, functioning, and well-being of their owner.
	]]		]]

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	* Female circumcision eliminates the ability to orgasm, a circumcised man can still function.		* Female circumcision eliminates the ability to orgasm, a circumcised man can still function.
	* Female circumcision is performed to subjugate a woman and purposefully diminish her sexuality.		* Female circumcision is performed to subjugate a woman and purposefully diminish her sexuality.
	* Female circumcision removes the clitoris, male circumcision doesn't remove anything important.		* Female circumcision removes the [[clitoris]], male circumcision doesn't remove anything important.
	* Female circumcision is performed in unsanitary environments.		* Female circumcision is performed in unsanitary environments.
	* Female circumcision is performed with unclean utensils.		* Female circumcision is performed with unclean utensils.
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	! Infant Male Circumcision in the United States		! Infant Male Circumcision in the United States
	\|-		\|-
	\| "She loses only a little piece of the clitoris, just the part that protrudes. The girl does not miss it. She can still feel, after all. There is hardly any pain. Women's pain thresholds are so much higher than men's."		\| "She loses only a little piece of the [[clitoris]], just the part that protrudes. The girl does not miss it. She can still feel, after all. There is hardly any pain. Women's pain thresholds are so much higher than men's."
	\| "It's only a little piece of skin. The baby does not feel any pain because his nervous system is not developed yet."		\| "It's only a little piece of skin. The baby does not feel any pain because his nervous system is not developed yet."
	\|-		\|-
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	\|"An intact penis is dirty and only the lowest class of people with no concept of hygiene leave their boys intact."		\|"An intact penis is dirty and only the lowest class of people with no concept of hygiene leave their boys intact."
	\|-		\|-
	\|"Leaving a girl intact endangers both her husband and her baby. If the baby's head touches the uncut clitoris during birth, the baby will be born hydrocephalic [excess cranial fluid]. The milk of the mother will become poisonous. If a man's penis touches a woman's clitoris he will become impotent."		\|"Leaving a girl intact endangers both her husband and her baby. If the baby's head touches the uncut [[clitoris]] during birth, the baby will be born hydrocephalic [excess cranial fluid]. The milk of the mother will become poisonous. If a man's penis touches a woman's [[clitoris]] he will become impotent."
	\|"Men have an obligation to their wives to give up their foreskin. An intact penis will cause cervical cancer in women. It spreads disease."		\|"Men have an obligation to their wives to give up their foreskin. An intact penis will cause cervical cancer in women. It spreads disease."
	\|-		\|-
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	\|"Doctors do it, so it must be a good thing."		\|"Doctors do it, so it must be a good thing."
	\|-		\|-
	\|Sudanese grandmother: "In some countries they only cut out the clitoris, but here we do it properly. We scrape our girls clean. If it is properly done, nothing is left, other than a scar. Everything has to be cut away."		\|Sudanese grandmother: "In some countries they only cut out the [[clitoris]], but here we do it properly. We scrape our girls clean. If it is properly done, nothing is left, other than a scar. Everything has to be cut away."
	\|My own father, a physician, speaking of ritual circumcision inflicted upon my son: "It is a good thing that I was here to preside. He had quite a long foreskin. I made sure that we gave him a good tight circumcision."		\|My own father, a physician, speaking of ritual circumcision inflicted upon my son: "It is a good thing that I was here to preside. He had quite a long foreskin. I made sure that we gave him a good tight circumcision."
	\|-		\|-
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	=== Type I ===		=== Type I ===
	The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the clitoris ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the clitoris with the prepuce.<ref name = "WHO - Terminology"/>		The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[clitoris]] with the prepuce.<ref name = "WHO - Terminology"/>

	=== Type II ===		=== Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the clitoris and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the clitoris, the labia minora and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the labia minora; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the labia minora and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
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	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the clitoris ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<!-- <ref name="WHO-2006-10-02"/> --> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html
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	=== Type IV: other types ===		=== Type IV: other types ===

	There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the clitoris with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>		There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoris]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

	== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==		== Mutilation vs. surgical procedure ==