Difference between revisions of "Smegma"

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{{GraphicWarning}}
 
{{GraphicWarning}}
−
[[Image:Male smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human penis.]]
+
[[Image:Male smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human [[penis]].]]
−
[[Image:Female smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human vulva.]]
+
[[Image:Female smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human [[vulva]].]]
  
−
'''Smegma''' is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the [[foreskin]] in males, and underneath the [[clitoral hood]] and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the foreskin, mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.<ref>{{REFjournal
+
'''Smegma''' is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the [[foreskin]] in males, and underneath the [[clitoral hood]] and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the [[foreskin]], mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.<ref>{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Parkash
 
  |last=Parkash
−
  |first=S.
+
  |init=S
 
  |etal=yes
 
  |etal=yes
 
  |title=Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature
 
  |title=Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature
Line 17: Line 17:
 
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
 
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Hyman
 
  |last=Hyman
−
  |first=A.B.
+
  |init=AB
 
  |last2=Brownstein
 
  |last2=Brownstein
−
  |first2=M.H.
+
  |init2=MH
 
  |title=Tyson's <q>Glands</q>
 
  |title=Tyson's <q>Glands</q>
 
  |journal=Archives of Dermatology
 
  |journal=Archives of Dermatology
Line 28: Line 28:
 
  |url=
 
  |url=
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
−
}}</ref> Smegma is not "filth". It is beneficial, benign, and harmless.<ref name="vanhowe2006">{{REFjournal
+
}}</ref> Smegma is not "filth". It is natural, normal, benign, harmless, and beneficial.<ref name="vanhowe2006">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Van Howe
 
  |last=Van Howe
−
  |first=R.S.
+
  |init=RS
−
  |author-link=Robert Van Howe
+
  |author-link=Robert S. Van Howe
 
  |last2=Hodges
 
  |last2=Hodges
−
  |first2=F.M.
+
  |init2=FM
 
  |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges
 
  |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges
 
  |title=The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth
 
  |title=The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth
Line 46: Line 46:
 
}}</ref>  
 
}}</ref>  
  
−
Intact adult males who wash their penis and glans daily with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans. In infants and boys whose foreskin cannot yet be pulled back (natural [[phimosis]]), smegma doesn't matter, while the foreskin protects the glans. The illustration "Smegma on a human penis" is therefore not typical for intact men who wash their genitals regularly.
+
[[Intact]] adult males who wash their [[penis]] and [[glans]] periodically with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans. In infants and boys whose [[foreskin]] cannot yet be pulled back (natural [[phimosis]]), smegma doesn't matter, while the [[foreskin]] protects the glans. The illustration "Smegma on a human penis" is therefore not typical for [[intact]] men who wash their genitals regularly. Hardened smegma accumulations may be softened by soaking with vegetable oil.
  
−
Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the foreskin should be avoided, because soap removes the skin oil so it can cause non-specific dermatitis that may be mistaken for balanitis.<ref>{{REFjournal
+
Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the [[foreskin]] should be avoided, because soap removes the [[skin]] oil so it can cause non-specific dermatitis that may be mistaken for [[balanitis]].<ref name="birley1933">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Birley
 
  |last=Birley
−
  |first=HDL
+
  |init=HDL
 
  |author-link=
 
  |author-link=
 
  |last2=Walker
 
  |last2=Walker
−
  |first2=MM
+
  |init2=MM
 
  |author2-link=
 
  |author2-link=
 
  |last3=Luzzi
 
  |last3=Luzzi
−
  |first3=GA
+
  |init3=GA
 
  |author3-link=
 
  |author3-link=
 
  |last4=Bell
 
  |last4=Bell
−
  |first4=R
+
  |init4=R
 
  |author4-link=
 
  |author4-link=
−
  |etal=yes
+
  |etal=no
 
  |title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent
 
  |title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent
 
balanitis; association with atopy and genital
 
balanitis; association with atopy and genital
−
washing]
+
washing
 
  |trans-title=
 
  |trans-title=
 
  |language=
 
  |language=
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  |issue=5
 
  |issue=5
 
  |pages=400-3
 
  |pages=400-3
−
  |url=
+
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/
 
  |quote=
 
  |quote=
 
  |pubmedID=8244363
 
  |pubmedID=8244363
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  |accessdate=2020-02-28
 
  |accessdate=2020-02-28
 
}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
 +
==Beneficial aspects of smegma==
  
−
== Smegma was falsely believed to be carcinogenic ==
+
Smegma contains natural [[skin]] oils that are beneficial to the health of the [[mucosa]] that covers the [[glans penis]] and the inside of the [[foreskin]]. The oil also has lubricating advantages.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Wright
 +
|first=Joyce
 +
|init=J
 +
|author-link=
 +
|title=How smegma serves the penis
 +
|journal=Sexology
 +
|date=1970-09
 +
|volume=37
 +
|issue=2
 +
|pages=50-3
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/wright1/
 +
|accessdate=2020-06-21
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
Smegma is usually washed away for cosmetic reasons. Excessive washing and use of soap inside the [[foreskin]] should be avoided.<ref name="birley1933" />
  
−
Circumcision advocates of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.
+
== Smegma was falsely claimed to be carcinogenic ==
  
−
The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]], M.D.<ref>{{REFjournal
+
Circumcision promoters of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.
−
|last=Wolbarst
+
 
−
|first=A.L.
+
The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]], {{MD}}<ref>{{Wolbarst1932}}</ref> Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of [[masturbation]] in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to [[masturbation]], convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."
−
|author-link=Abraham L. Wolbarst
 
−
|title=Circumcision and Penile Cancer
 
−
|journal=The Lancet
 
−
|date=1932-01-16
 
−
|volume=1
 
−
|issue=5655
 
−
|pages=150-153
 
−
|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(01)24346-3/fulltext
 
−
|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)24346-3
 
−
|accessdate=2019-10-16
 
−
}}</ref> Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of [[masturbation]] in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to [[masturbation]], convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."
 
  
 
No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.
 
No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.
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The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.<ref name="reddy1963">{{REFjournal
 
The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.<ref name="reddy1963">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Reddy
 
  |last=Reddy
−
  |first=D.G.
+
  |init=DG
 
  |last2=Baruah
 
  |last2=Baruah
−
  |first2=I.K.
+
  |init2=IK
 
  |title=Carcinogenic action of human smegma
 
  |title=Carcinogenic action of human smegma
 
  |journal=Archives of Pathology
 
  |journal=Archives of Pathology
Line 117: Line 122:
 
}}</ref> His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."
 
}}</ref> His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."
  
−
Van Howe & Hodges (2006) concluded: "The purpose of the scientific method is to distinguish between wishful thinking, strongly held opinion, and provable fact. The smegma theory of disease, which began as wishful thinking on the part of circumcision zealots such as[[Abraham L. Wolbarst| Abraham Wolbarst]] and Abraham Ravich, has evolved into irrefutable dogma, but as modern physicians, we need to recognize that, until proved otherwise, smegma is harmless."<ref name="vanhowe2006" />
+
[[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]] & Hodges (2006) concluded: "The purpose of the scientific method is to distinguish between wishful thinking, strongly held opinion, and provable fact. The smegma theory of disease, which began as wishful thinking on the part of circumcision zealots such as [[Abraham L. Wolbarst|Abraham Wolbarst]] and [[Abraham Ravich]], has evolved into irrefutable dogma, but as modern physicians, we need to recognize that, until proved otherwise, smegma is harmless."<ref name="vanhowe2006" />
 +
== Control of smegma ==
 +
Boys are born with a non-retractable [[foreskin]]. The foreskin of a boy should not be retracted until it spontaneously becomes retractable with increasing maturity and the boy retracts it for himself. There is likely to be a collection of smegma in the [[preputial sac]] that has been accumulating harmlessly since birth. The smegma may then be washed away. Some boys will have hardened smegma that is difficult to remove. Soaking the hardened smegma with olive oil is said to be effective in softening it and facilitating its removal.
  
−
==Beneficial aspects of smegma==
+
Thereafter the smegma may be washed away using warm water when necessary. Soap, body wash, and shampoo remove the natural oil so they should not be used in the [[preputial sac]].<ref name="birley1933" />
−
 
 
−
Smegma contains natural skin oils that are beneficial to the health of the mucosa that covers the [[glans penis]]. The oil also has lubricating advantages.<ref>{{REFjournal
 
−
|last=Wright
 
−
|first=Joyce
 
−
|author-link=
 
−
|title=How smegma serves the penis
 
−
|journal=Sexology
 
−
|date=1970-09
 
−
|volume=37
 
−
|issue=2
 
−
|pages=50-3
 
−
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/wright1/
 
−
|accessdate=2020-06-21
 
−
}}</ref>
 
  
 +
==Video==
 +
===Smegma, what is it and how to deal with it===
 +
[[Dr Bret Palmer]] describes the formation of smegma.
 +
* <youtube>v=ihCn2k2XU_M</youtube>
 +
<br>
 +
===Dr O'Donovan explains the nature of smegma===
 +
* <youtube>v=Do_inwgYR6E</youtube>
 +
<br>
 +
===Foreskin: Why Pull Back?===
 +
[[Dr Bret Palmer]] explains why the foreskin should be retracted.
 +
* <youtube>v=PcxwW4KH3Wg</youtube>
 +
===How to get rid of a build up of hard smegma, the easy way===
 +
[[Dr Bret Palmer]] gives tips on getting rid of hardened smegma.
 +
* <youtube>v=WkXGtsNDDBo&t=134s</youtube>
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
{{SEEALSO}}
−
* [[Penile cancer]]
 
 
* [[Cervical cancer]]
 
* [[Cervical cancer]]
 
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
 
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
−
 
+
* [[Penile cancer]]
 +
* [[Penis]]
 +
* [[Preputial sac]]
 
{{LINKS}}
 
{{LINKS}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.medicaldaily.com/just-what-smegma-and-why-does-it-make-us-cringe-334414
 +
|title=Just What Is Smegma And Why Does It Make Us Cringe?
 +
|last=Cara
 +
|first=Ed
 +
|init=
 +
|publisher=Medical Daily
 +
|date=2015-05-21
 +
|accessdate=2022-11-19
 +
}}
 
* {{REFweb
 
* {{REFweb
 
  |url=http://www.yourwholebody.org/smegma-101
 
  |url=http://www.yourwholebody.org/smegma-101
Line 146: Line 164:
 
  |last=
 
  |last=
 
  |first=
 
  |first=
 +
|publisher=Your Whole Body
 
  |accessdate=2020-06-20
 
  |accessdate=2020-06-20
 
}}
 
}}
−
 
 
* {{REFweb
 
* {{REFweb
 
  |url=https://genitalwholeness.wordpress.com/article/the-foreskin-causes-cancer-myth-2y9nanfagw8nr-20/
 
  |url=https://genitalwholeness.wordpress.com/article/the-foreskin-causes-cancer-myth-2y9nanfagw8nr-20/
Line 163: Line 181:
 
  |accessdate=2020-12-06
 
  |accessdate=2020-12-06
 
  |format=
 
  |format=
−
  |quote=Circumcision alters human behavior.  Many males who originate in circumcising cultures, and who are likely to be circumcised, have special emotional issues. Circumcised doctors, therefore, tend to behave differently from normal doctors. Those who become doctors may use junk science to promote male circumcision. The myth of cancer protection by circumcision continues to be a favourite claim of such doctors.
+
  |quote=Circumcision alters human behavior.  Many males who originate in circumcising cultures, and who are likely to be circumcised, have special emotional issues. [[Circumcised doctors]], therefore, tend to behave differently from normal doctors. Those who become doctors may use junk science to promote male circumcision. The myth of cancer protection by circumcision continues to be a favourite claim of such doctors.
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320514
 +
|title=How do you clean out smegma?
 +
|website=MedicalNewsToday
 +
|last=Smith
 +
|first=Lori
 +
|date=2018-01-06
 +
|accessdate=2021-01-19
 
}}
 
}}
 +
NSFW
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|title=Smegma
 +
|url=http://www.foreskin.org/smegma.htm
 +
|archived=
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|last=Erickson
 +
|first=John
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=John A. Erickson
 +
|publisher=
 +
|website=http://www.foreskin.org
 +
|date=
 +
|accessdate=2022-08-29
 +
|format=
 +
}}
  
 +
{{ABBR}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Education]]
 +
[[Category:Physiology]]
  
 
[[Category:From Intactipedia]]
 
[[Category:From Intactipedia]]

Latest revision as of 19:17, 31 October 2024

IntactiWikiGraphicWarning.png

Smegma on a human penis.
Smegma on a human vulva.

Smegma is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the foreskin in males, and underneath the clitoral hood and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the foreskin, mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.[1] [2] Smegma is not "filth". It is natural, normal, benign, harmless, and beneficial.[3]

Intact adult males who wash their penis and glans periodically with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans. In infants and boys whose foreskin cannot yet be pulled back (natural phimosis), smegma doesn't matter, while the foreskin protects the glans. The illustration "Smegma on a human penis" is therefore not typical for intact men who wash their genitals regularly. Hardened smegma accumulations may be softened by soaking with vegetable oil.

Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the foreskin should be avoided, because soap removes the skin oil so it can cause non-specific dermatitis that may be mistaken for balanitis.[4]

Beneficial aspects of smegma

Smegma contains natural skin oils that are beneficial to the health of the mucosa that covers the glans penis and the inside of the foreskin. The oil also has lubricating advantages.[5]

Smegma is usually washed away for cosmetic reasons. Excessive washing and use of soap inside the foreskin should be avoided.[4]

Smegma was falsely claimed to be carcinogenic

Circumcision promoters of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.

The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter Abraham L. Wolbarst, M.D.[a 1][6] Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of masturbation in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to masturbation, convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."

No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.

The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.[7] His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."

Van Howe & Hodges (2006) concluded: "The purpose of the scientific method is to distinguish between wishful thinking, strongly held opinion, and provable fact. The smegma theory of disease, which began as wishful thinking on the part of circumcision zealots such as Abraham Wolbarst and Abraham Ravich, has evolved into irrefutable dogma, but as modern physicians, we need to recognize that, until proved otherwise, smegma is harmless."[3]

Control of smegma

Boys are born with a non-retractable foreskin. The foreskin of a boy should not be retracted until it spontaneously becomes retractable with increasing maturity and the boy retracts it for himself. There is likely to be a collection of smegma in the preputial sac that has been accumulating harmlessly since birth. The smegma may then be washed away. Some boys will have hardened smegma that is difficult to remove. Soaking the hardened smegma with olive oil is said to be effective in softening it and facilitating its removal.

Thereafter the smegma may be washed away using warm water when necessary. Soap, body wash, and shampoo remove the natural oil so they should not be used in the preputial sac.[4]

Video

Smegma, what is it and how to deal with it

Dr Bret Palmer describes the formation of smegma.


Dr O'Donovan explains the nature of smegma


Foreskin: Why Pull Back?

Dr Bret Palmer explains why the foreskin should be retracted.

How to get rid of a build up of hard smegma, the easy way

Dr Bret Palmer gives tips on getting rid of hardened smegma.

See also

External links

  • REFweb Cara, Ed (21 May 2015). Just What Is Smegma And Why Does It Make Us Cringe?, Medical Daily. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  • REFweb Smegma 101, Your Whole Body. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  • REFweb Hill, George (9 November 2008). The “foreskin causes cancer” myth, Wordpress, genitalwholeness. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
    Quote: Circumcision alters human behavior. Many males who originate in circumcising cultures, and who are likely to be circumcised, have special emotional issues. Circumcised doctors, therefore, tend to behave differently from normal doctors. Those who become doctors may use junk science to promote male circumcision. The myth of cancer protection by circumcision continues to be a favourite claim of such doctors.
  • REFweb Smith, Lori (6 January 2018). How do you clean out smegma?, MedicalNewsToday. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

NSFW

Abbreviations

  1. ↑ REFweb Doctor of Medicine, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common.

References

  1. ↑ REFjournal Parkash S, et al. Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature. Ann Nat Med Sci (India). 1982; 18(3): 109-112. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  2. ↑ REFjournal Hyman AB, Brownstein MH. Tyson's Glands. Archives of Dermatology. January 1969; 99(1): 31-37. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  3. ↑ a b REFjournal Van Howe RS, Hodges FM. The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006; 20(9): 1046. DOI. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  4. ↑ a b c REFjournal Birley HDL, Walker MM, Luzzi GA, Bell R. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/ Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing]. Genitourin Med. October 1993; 69(5): 400-3. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  5. ↑ REFjournal Wright J. How smegma serves the penis. Sexology. September 1970; 37(2): 50-3. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Wolbarst AL. Circumcision and penile cancer. Lancet. 16 January 1932; 1(5655): 150-3. DOI. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  7. ↑ REFjournal Reddy DG, Baruah IK. Carcinogenic action of human smegma. Archives of Pathology. April 1963; 75(4): 414-420. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
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