Surrogate consent

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A surrogate is one who takes the place of another.[1]

Surrogate consent is consent for medical and/or surgical treatment that is granted by a substitute for the patient. Surrogate consent is used when the patient is mentally or legally incapable of granting consent.

Surrogate consent is regulated by law. In the United States, surrogate consent is regulated by state law, which varies from state to state.[2]

If a boy is to be circumcised, then someone must grant effective consent. The boy may not do it for himself because of his minority status. Circumcision of boys is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful excision of functional tissue that causes loss of various functions. Hill (2003) raised the question of who can grant effective consent for such an injurious operation.[3]

References

  1. ↑ REFweb {{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|[[| ]]|[[|{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:| |{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:| ({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y| }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y| }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y| }} |#default = error }}). |({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y| }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y| }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y| }} |#default = error }}). }}|{{#if:|. |}}}}{{#if:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surrogate%7C{{#if:surrogate|surrogate{{#if:| |}}|[<title> parameter missing!]}}|[<url> parameter missing!]{{#if:surrogate|surrogate|[<title> parameter missing!]}}{{#if:| (PDF)|}}}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}{{#if:| [{{{trans-title}}}]{{#if:| ({{{language}}})|}}|}}{{#if:|, {{{website}}}|}}{{#if: |, {{{work}}} [deprecated REFweb parameter used: use <website> instead]|}}{{#if:Merriam-Webster|, Merriam-Webster|}}{{#if:2025-04-30|. Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}|}}.{{#if:|
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  2. ↑ REFweb {{#if:Wynn|{{#if:|{{#if:|[[|Wynn ]]|[[|Wynn{{#if:Shana|, Shana|}}]]}}|{{#if:|Wynn |Wynn{{#if:Shana|, Shana|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:2014-10-01|{{#if:Wynn| ({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2014-10-01}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2014-10-01 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2014-10-01 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2014-10-01 }} |#default = error }}). |({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2014-10-01}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2014-10-01 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2014-10-01 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2014-10-01 }} |#default = error }}). }}|{{#if:Wynn|. |}}}}{{#if:https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_aging/publications/bifocal/vol_36/issue_1_october2014/default_surrogate_consent_statutes/%7C{{#if:Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States{{#if:| |}}|[<title> parameter missing!]}}|[<url> parameter missing!]{{#if:Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|[<title> parameter missing!]}}{{#if:| (PDF)|}}}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}{{#if:| [{{{trans-title}}}]{{#if:| ({{{language}}})|}}|}}{{#if:|, {{{website}}}|}}{{#if: |, {{{work}}} [deprecated REFweb parameter used: use <website> instead]|}}{{#if:American Bar Association|, American Bar Association|}}{{#if:2025-04-30|. Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}|}}.{{#if:|
    Quote: {{{quote}}}|}}
  3. ↑ REFjournal {{#if:Hill|{{#if:George Hill|{{#if:G|Hill G|Hill{{#if:|, |}}}}|{{#if:G|Hill G|Hill{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author2-link}}}|{{{last2}}} {{{init2}}}]]|, [[{{{author2-link}}}|{{{last2}}}{{#if:|, {{{first2}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last2}}} {{{init2}}}|, {{{last2}}}{{#if:|, {{{first2}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author3-link}}}|{{{last3}}} {{{init3}}}]]|, [[{{{author3-link}}}|{{{last3}}}{{#if:|, {{{first3}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last3}}} {{{init3}}}|, {{{last3}}}{{#if:|, {{{first3}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author4-link}}}|{{{last4}}} {{{init4}}}]]|, [[{{{author4-link}}}|{{{last4}}}{{#if:|, {{{first4}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last4}}} {{{init4}}}|, {{{last4}}}{{#if:|, {{{first4}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author5-link}}}|{{{last5}}} {{{init5}}}]]|, [[{{{author5-link}}}|{{{last5}}}{{#if:|, {{{first5}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last5}}} {{{init5}}}|, {{{last5}}}{{#if:|, {{{first5}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author6-link}}}|{{{last6}}} {{{init6}}}]]|, [[{{{author6-link}}}|{{{last6}}}{{#if:|, {{{first6}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last6}}} {{{init6}}}|, {{{last6}}}{{#if:|, {{{first6}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author7-link}}}|{{{last7}}} {{{init7}}}]]|, [[{{{author7-link}}}|{{{last7}}}{{#if:|, {{{first7}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last7}}} {{{init7}}}|, {{{last7}}}{{#if:|, {{{first7}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}]]|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}|, {{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}]]|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}|, {{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|; with {{{coauthors}}} [deprecated REFjournal parameter used: <coauthors> - please use <last2>, etc.]|}}{{#ifeq:no|yes|, et al.|{{#if:Hill|.|}}}}{{#if:| ({{{publisher}}})|}} {{#if:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Hill-3/publication/371599857_Can_Anyone_Authorize_the_Nontherapeutic_Permanent_Alteration_of_a_Child's_Body/links/648b8819c41fb852dd0949be/Can-Anyone-Authorize-the-Nontherapeutic-Permanent-Alteration-of-a-Childs-Body.pdf%7CCan anyone authorize the nontherapeutic permanent alteration of a child's body?{{#if:| PDF|}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}|Can anyone authorize the nontherapeutic permanent alteration of a child's body?}}{{#if:| []{{#if:| ()|}}|}}{{#if:Am J Bioeth|. Am J Bioeth{{#if:| ()}}.|}}{{#if:2003| {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2003}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2003 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2003 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2003 }} |#default = error }}{{#if:Spring| (Spring)|}}; | }}{{#if:3| 3|}}{{#if:2|(2)|}}{{#if: |{{#if:|: []|}}{{#if:|: |}}{{#if:|: |}}.|}}{{#if:14635628| PMID.|}}{{#if:| PMC.|}}{{#if:10.1162/152651603766436342| DOI.|}}{{#if:| DOI.|}}{{#if:2025-04-30| Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}.|}}{{#if:|
    Quote: |}}


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