Surrogate consent

From IntactiWiki
Revision as of 21:12, 30 April 2025 by WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

A surrogate is one who takes the place of another.[1]

Surrogate consent is consent for medical and/or surgical treatment that is granted by a substitute for the patient. Surrogate consent is used when the patient is mentally or legally incapable of granting consent.

Surrogate consent is regulated by law. In the United States, surrogate consent is regulated by state law, which varies from state to state.[2]

The Bioethics Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics released an important statement applicable to surrogate consent in February 1995. It contains many general principles for the guidance of pediatricians but avoided directly considering circumcision, the big moneymaker.[3]

If a boy is to be circumcised, then someone must grant effective consent. The boy may not do it for himself because of his minority status. Circumcision of boys is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful excision of functional tissue that causes loss of various functions. Hill (2003) raised the question of who can grant effective consent for such an injurious operation.[4]

References

  1. ↑ REFweb {{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|[[| ]]|[[|{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:| |{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:| ({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y| }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y| }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y| }} |#default = error }}). |({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y| }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y| }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y| }} |#default = error }}). }}|{{#if:|. |}}}}{{#if:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surrogate%7C{{#if:surrogate|surrogate{{#if:| |}}|[<title> parameter missing!]}}|[<url> parameter missing!]{{#if:surrogate|surrogate|[<title> parameter missing!]}}{{#if:| (PDF)|}}}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}{{#if:| [{{{trans-title}}}]{{#if:| ({{{language}}})|}}|}}{{#if:|, {{{website}}}|}}{{#if: |, {{{work}}} [deprecated REFweb parameter used: use <website> instead]|}}{{#if:Merriam-Webster|, Merriam-Webster|}}{{#if:2025-04-30|. Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}|}}.{{#if:|
    Quote: {{{quote}}}|}}
  2. ↑ REFweb {{#if:Wynn|{{#if:|{{#if:|[[|Wynn ]]|[[|Wynn{{#if:Shana|, Shana|}}]]}}|{{#if:|Wynn |Wynn{{#if:Shana|, Shana|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:2014-10-01|{{#if:Wynn| ({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2014-10-01}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2014-10-01 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2014-10-01 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2014-10-01 }} |#default = error }}). |({{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2014-10-01}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2014-10-01 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2014-10-01 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2014-10-01 }} |#default = error }}). }}|{{#if:Wynn|. |}}}}{{#if:https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_aging/publications/bifocal/vol_36/issue_1_october2014/default_surrogate_consent_statutes/%7C{{#if:Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States{{#if:| |}}|[<title> parameter missing!]}}|[<url> parameter missing!]{{#if:Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|Decisions by Surrogates: An Overview of Surrogate Consent Laws in the United States|[<title> parameter missing!]}}{{#if:| (PDF)|}}}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}{{#if:| [{{{trans-title}}}]{{#if:| ({{{language}}})|}}|}}{{#if:|, {{{website}}}|}}{{#if: |, {{{work}}} [deprecated REFweb parameter used: use <website> instead]|}}{{#if:American Bar Association|, American Bar Association|}}{{#if:2025-04-30|. Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}|}}.{{#if:|
    Quote: {{{quote}}}|}}
  3. ↑ REFjournal {{#if:Kohrman|{{#if:|{{#if:A|[[|Kohrman A]]|[[|Kohrman{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:A|Kohrman A|Kohrman{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Clayton|{{#if:|{{#if:EW|, [[|Clayton EW]]|, [[|Clayton{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:EW|, Clayton EW|, Clayton{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Frader|{{#if:|{{#if:JE|, [[|Frader JE]]|, [[|Frader{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:JE|, Frader JE|, Frader{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Grodin|{{#if:|{{#if:MA|, [[|Grodin MA]]|, [[|Grodin{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:MA|, Grodin MA|, Grodin{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Moseley|{{#if:|{{#if:KL|, [[|Moseley KL]]|, [[|Moseley{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:KL|, Moseley KL|, Moseley{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Porter|{{#if:|{{#if:IH|, [[|Porter IH]]|, [[|Porter{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:IH|, Porter IH|, Porter{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:Wagner|{{#if:|{{#if:VM|, [[|Wagner VM]]|, [[|Wagner{{#if:|, |}}]]}}|{{#if:VM|, Wagner VM|, Wagner{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}]]|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}|, {{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}]]|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}|, {{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|; with {{{coauthors}}} [deprecated REFjournal parameter used: <coauthors> - please use <last2>, etc.]|}}{{#ifeq:no|yes|, et al.|{{#if:Kohrman|.|}}}}{{#if:| ({{{publisher}}})|}} {{#if:https://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/AAP/%7CInformed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics{{#if:| PDF|}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}|Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics}}{{#if:| []{{#if:| ()|}}|}}{{#if:Pediatrics|. Pediatrics{{#if:| ({{{location}}})}}.|}}{{#if:1995-02| {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=1995-02}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|1995-02 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|1995-02 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|1995-02 }} |#default = error }}{{#if:| ({{{season}}})|}}; | }}{{#if:95| 95|}}{{#if:2|(2)|}}{{#if: 314-7|{{#if:|: [{{{article}}}]|}}{{#if:|: {{{page}}}|}}{{#if:314-7|: 314-7|}}.|}}{{#if:7838658| PMID.|}}{{#if:| PMC.|}}{{#if:| DOI.|}}{{#if:| DOI.|}}{{#if:2025-04-30| Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}.|}}{{#if:Such providers have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses. Although impasses regarding the interests of minors and the expressed wishes of their parents or guardians are rare, the pediatrician's responsibilities to his or her patient exist independent of parental desires or proxy consent.|
    Quote: Such providers have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses. Although impasses regarding the interests of minors and the expressed wishes of their parents or guardians are rare, the pediatrician's responsibilities to his or her patient exist independent of parental desires or proxy consent.|}}
  4. ↑ REFjournal {{#if:Hill|{{#if:George Hill|{{#if:G|Hill G|Hill{{#if:|, |}}}}|{{#if:G|Hill G|Hill{{#if:|, |}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author2-link}}}|{{{last2}}} {{{init2}}}]]|, [[{{{author2-link}}}|{{{last2}}}{{#if:|, {{{first2}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last2}}} {{{init2}}}|, {{{last2}}}{{#if:|, {{{first2}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author3-link}}}|{{{last3}}} {{{init3}}}]]|, [[{{{author3-link}}}|{{{last3}}}{{#if:|, {{{first3}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last3}}} {{{init3}}}|, {{{last3}}}{{#if:|, {{{first3}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author4-link}}}|{{{last4}}} {{{init4}}}]]|, [[{{{author4-link}}}|{{{last4}}}{{#if:|, {{{first4}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last4}}} {{{init4}}}|, {{{last4}}}{{#if:|, {{{first4}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author5-link}}}|{{{last5}}} {{{init5}}}]]|, [[{{{author5-link}}}|{{{last5}}}{{#if:|, {{{first5}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last5}}} {{{init5}}}|, {{{last5}}}{{#if:|, {{{first5}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author6-link}}}|{{{last6}}} {{{init6}}}]]|, [[{{{author6-link}}}|{{{last6}}}{{#if:|, {{{first6}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last6}}} {{{init6}}}|, {{{last6}}}{{#if:|, {{{first6}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author7-link}}}|{{{last7}}} {{{init7}}}]]|, [[{{{author7-link}}}|{{{last7}}}{{#if:|, {{{first7}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last7}}} {{{init7}}}|, {{{last7}}}{{#if:|, {{{first7}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}]]|, [[{{{author8-link}}}|{{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last8}}} {{{init8}}}|, {{{last8}}}{{#if:|, {{{first8}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#if:|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}]]|, [[{{{author9-link}}}|{{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}]]}}|{{#if:|, {{{last9}}} {{{init9}}}|, {{{last9}}}{{#if:|, {{{first9}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}{{#if:|; with {{{coauthors}}} [deprecated REFjournal parameter used: <coauthors> - please use <last2>, etc.]|}}{{#ifeq:no|yes|, et al.|{{#if:Hill|.|}}}}{{#if:| ({{{publisher}}})|}} {{#if:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Hill-3/publication/371599857_Can_Anyone_Authorize_the_Nontherapeutic_Permanent_Alteration_of_a_Child's_Body/links/648b8819c41fb852dd0949be/Can-Anyone-Authorize-the-Nontherapeutic-Permanent-Alteration-of-a-Childs-Body.pdf%7CCan anyone authorize the nontherapeutic permanent alteration of a child's body?{{#if:| PDF|}}{{#ifeq:|yes| (archive URL)|}}|Can anyone authorize the nontherapeutic permanent alteration of a child's body?}}{{#if:| []{{#if:| ()|}}|}}{{#if:Am J Bioeth|. Am J Bioeth{{#if:| ()}}.|}}{{#if:2003| {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2003}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2003 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2003 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2003 }} |#default = error }}{{#if:Spring| (Spring)|}}; | }}{{#if:3| 3|}}{{#if:2|(2)|}}{{#if: |{{#if:|: []|}}{{#if:|: |}}{{#if:|: |}}.|}}{{#if:14635628| PMID.|}}{{#if:| PMC.|}}{{#if:10.1162/152651603766436342| DOI.|}}{{#if:| DOI.|}}{{#if:2025-04-30| Retrieved {{#switch:{{#invoke:String|len|s=2025-04-30}} |0 |1 |2 = |3 |4 |5 = {{#time:Y|2025-04-30 }} |6 |7 |8 = {{#time:F Y|2025-04-30 }} |9 |10 = {{#time:j F Y|2025-04-30 }} |#default = error }}.|}}{{#if:|
    Quote: |}}


Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Surrogate_consent&oldid=41871"