Medical literature about foreskin restoration

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This page collects and indexes medical literature about foreskin restoration. This page does not include material from ancient times.

Introduction

Foreskin restoration may be done surgically or non-surgically by tissue expansion. Also, foreskin regeneration is under development.

Relatively little medical literature regarding foreskin restoration for circumcised men exists. The reasons for this are two-fold.

Foreskin restoration embarrasses and discredits the circumcision industry as it tries to make as much money as it can from genital mutilation of boys.
Most of the development of non-surgical foreskin restoration has been done by non-medical people.

Surgical foreskin restoration was developed earlier than non-surgical foreskin restoration.

Penn J. Penile Reform. Br J Plast Surg. July 1963; 16: 287-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Tushmet L. Uncircumcision. Medical Times. June 1965; 93: 588-93. PMID. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Levin S. Letter: Circumcision and uncircumcision. S Afr Med J. 5 June 1976; 50(24): 913. PMID. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Greer DM, Mohl PC, Sheley KA. A Technique for Foreskin Reconstruction and Some Preliminary Results. The Journal of Sex Research. November 1982; 18(4): 324-30. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Goodwin WE. Uncircumcision: a technique for plastic reconstruction of a prepuce after circumcision. J Urol. November 1990; 144(5): 1203-05. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Lynch MJ, Pryor JP. Uncircumcision: a one-stage procedure. Br J Urol. August 1993; 72(2): 257-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Schultheiss D, Truss MC, Stieff CG, Jonas U. Uncircumcision: a historical review of preputial restoration. Plast Reconstr Surg. June 1998; 101(7): 1990-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.

Non-surgical foreskin restoration is accomplished by stimulating mitosis in the residual tissue to cause tissue expansion.

Neumann CG. The expansion of an area of skin by progressive distention of a subcutaneous balloon; use of the method for securing skin for subtotal reconstruction of the ear. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. February 1957; 19(2): 124-30. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Radovan C. Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. October 1984; 74(4): 482-92. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Johnson TM, Lowe L, Brown MD, Sullivan MJ, Nelson BR. Histology and physiology of tissue expansion. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. December 1993; 19(12): 1074-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Collier R. Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration. CMAJ. 13 December 2011; 183(18): 2019-23. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.