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The '''Sixth International Symposium''' on Genital Integrity convened at the in [https://sydneywww.wesleycollege-usyd.edu.au/ Wesley College] at the {{UNI|University of Sydney]|USYD}}, SidneySydney, New South Wales{{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia on December 7-9, 2000.

== Proceedings Faculty == * '''Seham Abd el Salam Muhammed,''' {{MD}}, research fellow, Department of Sociology-Anthropology, the {{UNI|American University in Cairo|AUC}}, member of the Egyptian FGM Task Force, founder of Resource Center of FGM Cairo, Egypt.* '''John Aldous''', co-founder E.B.-N.O.R.M. (Everyman’s Birthright - National Organization of Restoring Men). Everard Park, {{AUSC|SA}}, Australia.* '''[[Zenas Baer]]''', {{JD}}, attorney concentrating on Federal Civil Rights Litigation. Hawley, {{USSC|MN}}, USA.* '''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]]''', MS, co-founder, Six Directions non-profit educational organisation, author and lecturer. Joseph, {{USSC|UT}}, USA.* '''[[Peter Ball]]''', {{MA}}, MB, B.Chir., retired family practitioner, producer and director, non-surgical foreskin restoration video. Turnbridge Wells, Kent, UK.* '''Gillian A. Bensley''' conducted research study for Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) degree in Psychology. {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}, Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.* '''[[Dan Bollinger| Daniel H. Bollinger]], III''', {{BA}}, founder and Director, Wabash Men’s Council, {{USSC|IN}}, USA.* '''[[Charles A. Bonner]]''', {{JD}}, civil rights, personal injury, and medical malpractice attorney. Sausalito, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[Gregory J. Boyle]]''', {{PhD}}, Professor of Psychology, {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.* '''[[Mary Conant]]''', {{RN}}, conscientious objector to circumcision, co-founder, Nurses for the Rights of the Child. Santa Fe, {{USSC|NM}}, USA.* '''[[Robert Darby]]''', {{PhD}}, scholar and editor, researched the history of the rise and decline of routine circumcision in Australia for his book on the subject. Canberra, {{AUSC|ACT}}, Australia.* '''[[Paul M. Fleiss| Paul Fleiss]]''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, paediatrician. Los Angeles, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Tracey Gemmel''', candidate for Postgraduate Diploma of Professional Psychology, {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.* '''[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo]]''', {{PhD}}, associate professor, general biology, Faculty of Psychology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}. Padua, Italy.* '''[[Yngve Hofvander]]''', paediatrician, Professor, International Child Health, {{UNI|Uppsala University|UU}}, Sweden, consultant to the Swedish International Development Authority, World Health Organization, and [[UNICEF]]. Uppsala, Sweden.* '''[[Frederick M. Hodges]]''', {{PhD}} (Oxon), medical historian, co-editor, Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press 1999). {{UNI|University of Oxford|Oxon}}, Oxford, UK.* '''LeYoni Junos''', Director, Amnesty International Bermuda, Bermuda Human Rights Commissioner. Hamilton, Bermuda.* '''Michael Katz''', {{MD}}, Vice President of Research for the March of Dimes. White Plains, {{USSC|NY}}, USA.* '''[[Dai Sik Kim]]''', {{PhD}}, Professor, Department of Physics, {{UNI|Seoul National University|SNU}}. Seoul, Korea.* '''Sae Chul Kim''', {{MD}}, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, {{UNI|Chung Ang University|CAU}}, Seoul, Korea.* '''Tina Kimmel''', MSW, {{MPH}}, doctoral candidate in public health, {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}}, Berkeley, Director, NOCIRC of California – East Bay. Oakland, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Peter Lawrence''', MS, doctoral candidate, {{UNI|University of Sydney|USYD}}, counsellor,and founder of UNCIRC of Australia in 1994. Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''Els Leye''', Female Genital Mutilation Project Coordinator, International Centre for Reproductive Health. Ghent, Belgium.* '''[[Hanny Lightfoot-Klein]]''', {{MA}}, cross-cultural sexologist and clinical supervisor,The American Board of Sexology, author, Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey Into Female Genital Mutilation, A Woman’s Odyssey into Africa: Tracks Across a Life, and Genital Surgery and the Rights of Children. Tucson, {{USSC|AZ}}, USA.* '''Linda Massie''', BSc, PG/Dip, founder and Director, NOCIRC of Northern Ireland. Glen gormley, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.* '''Brett McCann''', Counsellor, Sexual Health Clinic, Sydney Hospital, President, Australasian Sexual Health Counsellors Society. Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''[[Ken McGrath| Kenneth A. McGrath]]''', VRD, {{MS}} (Hons), LIBiol, MNZIMLS, RNZNVR (Rtd), Senior Lecturer in Pathology, Faculty of Health Studies, {{UNI|Auckland University of Technology|AUT}}. Auckland, New Zealand.* '''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]]''', {{RN}}, co-founder and Director, NationalOrganization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers(NOCIRC), Coordinator, International Symposia on Genital Integrity. San Anselmo, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Pandy S. Ndimwibo''', {{BA}} SWASA, DIP PPM, PGD Counselling,Chairman of the Uganda Reproductive Health Bureau. Kampala, Uganda, Africa.* '''Juliana Nkrumah''', MS, Community Education and Development Officer, {{AUSC|NSW}} Education Program on FGM, Ethnic Affairs Commission of {{AUSC|NSW}}, Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''Myung-Geol Pang''', {{PhD}}, GenDix, Co., Korea, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, {{UNI|Seoul National University|SNU}}. Seoul, Korea.* '''Shane Peterson''', {{PhD}}, International Office for Men’s Health and Gender Studies, School of Nursing and Public Health, {{UNI|Edith Cowan University|ECU}}. Canberra, {{AUSC|ACT}}, Australia.* '''Royal Phillips''', CBE, international childbirth instructor, columnist, Montecito Journal. Santa Barbara, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Samuel M. Ramos''' conducted research study for Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) degree in Psychology at {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.* '''Samuel Richmond''', {{BA}}, MLS, librarian and Director, NOCIRC of California - Irvine. Irvine, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''William Sides''', Managing Director of Sides Engineering, developed the “Pill Tube” foreskin restoration method. Wheelers Hill, {{AUSC|VIC}}, Australia.* '''[[Morris L. Sorrells]]''', {{MD}}, retired paediatrician, consultant. Atherton, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[J. Steven Svoboda]]''', {{JD}}, founder and Director, Attorneys for the Rights of the Child (ARC), Berkeley, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Moisés Tractenberg''', {{MD}}, psychoanalyst, author, Director, NOCIRC of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.* '''[[John W. Travis]]''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, founder and co-director, Wellness Associates, author, Wellness Inventory and the Wellness Workbook, co-founder, [[International Coalition for Genital Integrity]], co-founder, Alliance for Transforming the Lives of Children. East Gipsland, {{AUSC|VIC}}, Australia.* '''[[J. Neville Turner]]''', LLB (Hons), {{BA}}, barrister and solicitor, authored six books and numerous articles on child and family law, board member and former president of Oz Child. Melbourne, {{AUSC|VIC}}, Australia.* '''Franco Viviani''', {{PhD}}, professor, physical education, cultural anthropology, and general biology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}. Padua, Italy.* '''[[Shelton Walden| Shelton Harrison Walden]]''', {{BA}}, Executive Producer and host, Walden’s Pond, WBAI radio, teacher, High School for Environmental Studies. New York, {{USSC|NY}}, USA.* '''[[John Warren]]''', MB, DCH, FRCP, founder and Director, National Organization of Restoring Men (NORM-UK), Director, NOCIRC of UK. Harlow, Essex, UK.* '''Norma Wilcox''', {{RN}}, MS, Director, Urological/GynecologicalTeaching Associate Programs, {{UNI|Stanford University|SU}} and {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}}/San Francisco Schools of Medicine and Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine. San Francisco, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[George L. Williams| George Williams]]''', {{MBChB}}, {{FRACP}}, consultant paediatrician/perinatologist, founder and Director, NOCIRC of Australia. Menai, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''[[Hugh Young]]''', BSc, journalist and radio producer, Auckland, Whangarei, Honiara (Solomon Islands), Gisborne, and Wellington. Pukerua Bay, Aotearoa, New Zealand.* '''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin''', {{PhD}}, '''Avraham Kahana''', and '''Ronit Tamir''', members, The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation. '''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin''', {{PhD}}, currently a medical student in Australia is Director, The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation. Sturt, {{AUSC|SA}}, Australia.

0800–0900: Registration<br>== Proceedings ==0900–0915: Welcome and Opening Remarks• Marilyn Milos and George Williams<br>=== Program ===0915–1000: Keynote Address: Ending Enforced Genital Cutting of Children and Violation of Their Human Rights: Ethical==== Thursday, Psychological and Legal Considerations• Gregory J. Boyle<br>7 December ====1000–1115: An Overview • George Williams, Moderator Historical Revisionism in Recent Medical History: An Exposé * '''Welcome and Analysis • Frederick Mansfield Hodges A Source of Serious Mischief: The Demonisation of the Foreskin and the Rise of Preventive Circumcision in Australia, 1880–1930 • Robert Darby Compulsion to Circumcise is Constant, the Reasons Keep Changing • Michael Katz<br> Opening Remarks'''1115–1130: Break 1130–1300: Legal ''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation • George Williams, Moderator Comparative Legal Analysis of Body Mutilation Practices on Children • J. Steven Svoboda Equal Protection Case Studies in the Scope and Limit of Gender-Based Discrimination Under State and Federal Constitutions • Zenas Baer Human Rights of Children in the New Millennium: Legal Developments in the Fight for Children’s Genital Integrity Throughout the World • Charles Bonner Doctors, Be Warned! Circumcise Today and You Could Be Sued Tomorrow! • J. Neville Turner<br>1300–1430: Lunch <br>1430–1600: Religious Considerations• Tina Kimmel, Moderator An Epistolary Debate with David Ben Gurion About Jewish Circumcision: The Psychoanalytic Outlook • Moisés Tractenberg Attitude, Knowledge, and Change Among Israeli Jewish Students Regarding Male Genital Mutilation • Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin, Avraham Kahana, Ronit Tamir Bris Shalem: Toward a Covenant of Wholeness • Samuel Richmond Limitations to Practices of a Belief or Religion in Interna-tional Human Rights Law – Case Study: Genital Mutilation in the Judaic Tradition • LeYoni Junos<br>1600–1615: Break''

* '''[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=K6Ho2pAV35sC&oi= Sponsor fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Circumcision+of+Boys+in+Sweden:+Proposal+for+Government+Regulation&ots=OKGI_TmK7j&sig=Z11KSVssC6yp6q8LQkeKxCI3er4#v=onepage&q=Circumcision%20of%20Boys%20in%20Sweden%3A%20Proposal%20for%20Government%20Regulation&f=false Keynote Address: Ending Enforced Genital Cutting of Children and Violation of Their Human Rights: Ethical, Psychological and Legal Considerations]''': ''[[Gregory J. Boyle]]'' * '''An Overview''': ''George Williams, Moderator'':* Historical Revisionism in Recent Medical History: An Exposé and Analysis:: ''[[Frederick M. Hodges]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_10 A Source of Serious Mischief: The Demonisation of the Foreskin and the Rise of Preventive Circumcision in Australia], 1880–1930:: ''[[Robert Darby]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_3 Compulsion to Circumcise is Constant, the Reasons Keep Changing]:: ''Michael Katz'' * '''Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation''': ''George Williams, Moderator'':* [https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Limits-of-the-Law-Comparative-Analysis-of-Legal-and-Extralegal-Methods.pdf Comparative Legal Analysis of Body Mutilation Practices on Children]:: ''[[J. Steven Svoboda]]'':* Equal Protection Case Studies in the Scope and Limit of Gender-Based Discrimination Under State and Federal Constitutions:: ''[[Zenas Baer]]'':* Human Rights of Children in the New Millennium: Legal Developments in the Fight for Children’s Genital Integrity Throughout the World:: ''[[Charles A. Bonner]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_16 Doctors, Be Warned! Circumcise Today and You Could Be Sued Tomorrow!]:: ''[[J. Neville Turner]]'' * '''Religious Considerations''': ''Tina Kimmel, Moderator'':* An Epistolary Debate with David Ben Gurion About Jewish Circumcision: The Psychoanalytic Outlook:: ''Moisés Tractenberg'':* Attitude, Knowledge, and Change Among Israeli Jewish Students Regarding Male Genital Mutilation:: ''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin, Avraham Kahana, Ronit Tamir:* Bris Shalem: Toward a Covenant of Wholeness:: ''Samuel Richmond'':* Limitations to Practices of a Belief or Religion in International Human Rights Law – Case Study: Genital Mutilation in the Judaic Tradition:: ''LeYoni Junos'' * '''Breaking Through Medical and Media Bias''': ''Tina Kimmel, Moderator'':* The White Coat of Silence: How to Create Change in Medical School Curricula and Survive Physician Opposition:: ''Norma Wilcox'':* The Symposium Struggle for Media Access and International Recognition:: ''Shelton Harrison Walden'' ==== Friday, 8 December ==== * '''International News''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_8 A Review of Circumcision in New Zealand: “I never liked doing them and I was sponsored by pleased to give it up.]:: ''Hugh Young and Kenneth A. McGrath'':* Circumcision Rates in UK Males:: ''John Warren'':* Prevention of Genital Mutilation: A Community Research and Development Project in Northern Ireland:: ''Linda Massie'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_9 Circumcision of Boys in Sweden: Proposal for Government Regulation]:: ''Yngve Hofvander'':* Prince for a Day: The Sumbawa Circumcision Ritual:: ''Royal Phillips'' * '''Female Genital Mutilation''': ''Juliana Nkrumah, Moderator'':* FGM: Getting the Debate Happening at the Grassroots – The Australian Experience:: ''Juliana Nkrumah'':* Egyptian Intellectuals and Genital Integrity:: ''Seham Abd el Salam Mohammed'':* Female Circumcision: Its Effects on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents:: ''Pandy Ndimwibo'':* The Struggle Against Female Genital Mutilation/Female Circumcision: The European Experience:: ''Els Leye'':* Sunna Budnin: An Alternative Ritual to [[Infibulation]], Invented and Carried Out in the Merka District, Somalia:: ''[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo]] and [[Franco Viviani]]'':* Genital Mutilation of Children: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?:: ''[[Hanny Lightfoot-Klein]]'' * '''International Symposia on Genital Integrity Award Presentations''': ''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], Moderator'' * '''Address of the Recipient of the Human Rights Award: Over 100% Circumcision Rate: The Short and Bizarre History of South Korean Circumcision''': ''[[Dai Sik Kim]], Myung-Geol Pang, Sae Chul Kim'' ==== Saturday, 9 December==== * '''Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation''': ''[[Gregory J. Boyle]], Moderator'':* [[Sigmund Freud]], Male Circumcision and the Mind: A Psychoanalytic Review:: ''George Williams'':* [https://www.academia.edu/download/37247516/Bensley___Boyle_2001.pdf Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Impact of Male Infant Circumcision: An Exploratory Study]:: ''Gillian A. Bensley and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gregory_J_Boyle/publication/300649321_Neonatal_Circumcision/links/57d6459c08ae601b39aa7566/Neonatal-Circumcision.pdf Neonatal Circumcision: Long-Term Harmful Effects]:: ''Tracey Gemmel and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* [https://www.academia.edu/download/50977307/Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_Ramos___Boyle__2000.pdf Ritual and Medical Circumcision Among Filipino Boys: Evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder]:: ''Samuel M. Ramos and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* Counselling Approaches for Acute Post-Circumcision Stress Disorder: A Case Study:: ''Brett McCann and Peter Lawrence'':* How to Respond to the Doctor Who Says You Must Circumcise Your Son:: ''Paul Fleiss'' * '''What Exactly Is Lost With Genital Cutting?''': ''[[Morris L. Sorrells]], Moderator'':* Separation of the Two Sensory Platforms of the Human Penis:: ''Kenneth A. McGrath'':* A Novel Research Study in Assessing Penile Sensitivity/Insensitivity Without a Measuring Device:: ''Peter Lawrence'':* Touch-Test Sensory Evaluation Research: Preliminary Findings:: ''[[Morris L. Sorrells]] and Tina Kimmel'' * '''Addressing the Wounds''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/29e0/ad6bc872b166a8b8b928f3500a999950c2ce.pdf Assaulted and Mutilated: A Personal Account of Circumcision Trauma]:: ''Shane Peterson'' * '''Concurrent Session A: Male Genital Mutilation and Foreskin Restoration''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* Circumcision: A Festering Wound:: ''Daniel H. Bollinger, III'':* Current Foreskin Restoration Practices in Australi:: ''John M. Aldous'':* A report on the evolution and growth of foreskin restoration in Sydney Australia, since 1994:: ''Peter Lawrence'':* Doctors, File Information, and Activists Can be Worse than the Circumciser’s Knife:: ''William Sides'':* Foreskin Restoration: a video:: ''Peter Ball'' * '''Concurrent Session B: The Role of Women in Ending Genital Mutilation''': ''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]], [[Mary Conant]], Linda Massie, [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], Moderators'' * '''Closing Keynote Address: Circumcision as a Part of the Normative Abuse of Children: Essentials for Transforming the Lives of Children''': ''[[John W. Travis]]'' * '''Closing''': ''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]]'' {{PUB}}The proceedings are published in* {{REFbook |year=2001 |title=Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem |url=https://www.springer.com/de/book/9780306467011 |editor=[[George C. Denniston]], [[Frederick M. Hodges]], and [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] |publisher=Springer (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press) |isbn=978-1-4419-3375-1 |accessdate=2019-12-31}} == Symposium organizers ==* [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, [http://www.nocirc.org National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers]* Dr. George Williams, NOCIRC of Australia* Dr. [[Gregory J. Boyle]], {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}* Dr. [[Frederick M. Hodges]], Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, {{UNI|University of Oxford|Oxon}}.

* [[First {{List of International Symposium]]Symposiums}} {{LINKS}}* [[Second International http://gaamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/symposium.pdf Official Symposium]Brochure]* [[Third International Symposium]]* [[Fourth International Symposium]]{{ABBR}}<!--{{REF}}-->* [[Fifth International Symposium]]