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[[Category:Male circumcision]][[Category:History]]
Add link in SEEALSO section.
Sir [[James Calvert Spence]], a prominent senior British paediatrician, urged his younger colleague, [[Douglas Gairdner]], to produce a paper on infant circumcision. The now famous classic paper, ''The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision'', was published in the ''British Medical Journal'' on Christmas Eve, 1949. The paper reported 16 deaths per year from non-therapeutic infant circumcision and concluded in part: "'''The prepuce of the young infant should therefore be left in its natural state.'''"<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref>
The NHS provides male circumcision only when there was a clinical need.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-men/
|archived=
}}</ref>
Quaba & MacKindlay (2004) reported a 33.7% decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]] in Scotland from 1990 to 2000. This occurred because medical doctors were better trained in the recognition of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| healthy non-retractile foreskin in boys]].<ref name="quaba2004">{{REFjournal
|last=Quaba
|first=
|DOI=
|accessdate= 2021-11-16
}}</ref>
The percentage of males [[circumcised]] in the United Kingdom (prevalence) is reported to be 20.7%.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://circstatistics.github.io/
|title=Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates
|last=
|first=
|init=
|publisher=https://circstatistics.github.io
|date=2024-04-01
|accessdate=2024-04-01
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[15 Square]]
* [[Genital Autonomy]]
* [[Men Do Complain]]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:UK]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[de:Vereinigtes Königreich]]