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On April 26, 2010, the AAP changed its long-held stance of female genital cutting.<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher=Time | work= | quote=On April 26, the organization changed its long-held stance on female genital cutting... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> In their report, chiefly authored by Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at Cleveland State University,<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher=Time | work= | quote=...the report's lead author, Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at Cleveland State University... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=
}}</ref> the AAP advised doctors to inform families that the procedure is medically unnecessary and even dangerous.<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher=Time | work= | quote=In its new report, the AAP advises doctors to inform families... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=
}}</ref> The AAP raised the idea of legalizing a less-severe ritual cutting, which they compared to an ear piercing,<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher=Time | work= | quote=...the AAP raises the idea of legalizing a less-severe ritual cutting... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=MacReady
|accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> and offering a "ritual nick" might dissuade parents that were resolute, from sending their daughters to their home countries,<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher= | work= | quote=...to dissuade parents from sending their daughters to be circumcised in their home country... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> thereby avoiding greater harm.<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher= | work= | quote=...a ritual nick as a possible compromise to avoid greater harm... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> The AAP had deviated from a much more forceful statement published in 1998, which unequivocally condemned FGC in any form.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=MacReady
The Girls Protection Act, which would make it illegal to take a minor outside the U.S. to seek female circumcision, was introduced in Congress on the same day the AAP published its new recommendation.
<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher= | work= | quote=On the same day the AAP published its new recommendation... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> New York Representative Joseph Crowley, one of the bill's sponsors, condemned the AAP's move as "the wrong step forward on how best to protect young women and girls" by creating confusion about the acceptability of FGM in any form.<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher= | work= | quote=I am sure the academy had only good intentions... | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref> Davis of the AAP countered that such a law would be difficult to enforce.<ref>{{REFnews
| last=Luscombe | first=Belinda | coauthors= | url=http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1988434,00.html | title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting? | publisher= | work= | quote=Davis counters that such a law would be extremely difficult to enforce. | date=2010-05-11 | accessdate=2011-09-27
}}</ref>
The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
| quote= | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html | title=Female genital mutilation | last= | first= | publisher=World Health Organization | work= | date=June 2000 | accessdate=2008-01-23
}}</ref> Infibulation is also known as "pharaonic circumcision".<ref>[http://www.worldvision.org/about_us.nsf/child/eNews_fgmfaq_030706?OpenDocument&lpos=main&lid=fgm_faq Frequently Asked Questions on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)]</ref>