Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital - Revision history

WikiModEn2: Add links in SEEALSO section.

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	# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided [[circumcision]] techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.		# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided [[circumcision]] techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.

	Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west (it remains ~~overwhelmingly~~ common in the Midwest). Today, the [[Medical trade association\| major medical societies]] in the [[USA]] do not recommend elective non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English-speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the [[United States]].		Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west. (Although it has declined to some extent, it remains very common in the Midwest.) Today, the [[Medical trade association\| major medical societies]] in the [[USA]] do not recommend elective non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English-speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the [[United States]].
	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}
	* [[Circumcision: Elephant in the Hospital]]		* [[Circumcision: Elephant in the Hospital]]
			* [[Pain]]
			* [[Trauma]]
	* [[United States of America]]		* [[United States of America]]
	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}
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	{{ABBR}}		{{ABBR}}
	{{REF}}		{{REF}}

WikiModEn2: Add external link.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:22, 12 May 2024
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	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}
	* [[Circumcision: Elephant in the Hospital]]		* [[Circumcision: Elephant in the Hospital]]
			* [[United States of America]]
	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}
	* [http://www.notjustskin.org Ryan's website]		* [http://www.notjustskin.org Ryan's website]
	* [http://vimeo.com/26130057 Video also available at Vimeo]		* [http://vimeo.com/26130057 Video also available at Vimeo]
	* ~~[[United States of~~ America]]		* {{REFweb
			\|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
			\|title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
			\|last=Garrett
			\|first=Connor
			\|init=
			\|publisher=Intact America
			\|date=2023-12-17
			\|accessdate=2024-05-12
			}}
	{{ABBR}}		{{ABBR}}
	{{REF}}		{{REF}}

WikiModEn2: Wikify.

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Wikify.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].
-One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give [[informed consent]] to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.
+One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give [[informed consent]] to any other procedure. [[Circumcision]] is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.
 ==Video==
 '''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI|Georgetown University|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.
-Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 52%, down from a peak of 85% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. [[United Kingdom| Great Britain]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas [[New Zealand]] is lower than 5%. In the [[United States| US]], the rate differs regionally, with high rates of [[circumcision]] in the white Midwest, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?
+Today, most Americans think of [[circumcision]] as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 52%,<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal
 There are a number of reasons that brought circumcision to prominence in America in the early 20th century.
@@ Line 20: / Line 61: @@
 # Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys [[foreskin]] had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre [[circumcised]] the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote [[circumcision]] as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.
 # Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.
-# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.
+# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided [[circumcision]] techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.
 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Circumcision: Elephant in the Hospital]]
 {{LINKS}}
 * [http://www.notjustskin.org Ryan's website]
 * [http://vimeo.com/26130057 Video also available at Vimeo]
 [[Category:Film]]
 [[Category:Film about circumcision and intactivism]]
 [[Category:From IntactWiki]]
 [[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]

WikiModEn2: Update text.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 2 October 2022
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	One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give [[informed consent]] to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.		One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give [[informed consent]] to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.
			==Video==
	'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.		'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.
	<br><br>		<br><br>
	<youtube>Ceht-3xu84I</youtube>		<youtube>Ceht-3xu84I</youtube>
			<br>
	What is infant [[circumcision]]? Why is the practice common in U.S. hospitals and not in other countries? What does it remove and how does that affect the child? Does scientific data suggest that circumcision has benefits? What are the potential complications? How does it affect sexuality? Is it a medical procedure or a social surgery? If it's unnecessary surgery, what about contemporary bioethics principles?		What is infant [[circumcision]]? Why is the practice common in U.S. hospitals and not in other countries? What does it remove and how does that affect the child? Does scientific data suggest that circumcision has benefits? What are the potential complications? How does it affect sexuality? Is it a medical procedure or a social surgery? If it's unnecessary surgery, what about contemporary bioethics principles?

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	# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.		# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.

	Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west (it remains overwhelmingly common in the ~~South~~). Today, the major medical societies in the USA do not recommend elective non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English-speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the [[United States]].		Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west (it remains overwhelmingly common in the Midwest). Today, the major medical societies in the USA do not recommend elective non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English-speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the [[United States]].

	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}

WikiAdmin: wikify Informed consent

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wikify Informed consent

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 25 August 2022
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	'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].		'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].

	One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give informed consent to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.		One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give [[informed consent]] to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.

	'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.		'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.

WikiModEn2: Wikify.

2022-07-07T00:13:13Z

Wikify.

WikiModEn2: Wikify.

2022-07-07T00:04:06Z

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using UNI template

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	Through both a review of scientific literature and a discussion of the human cost of the procedure, this presentation explores these questions from the perspectives of the child, the adult survivor, the parent, and the practitioner.		Through both a review of scientific literature and a discussion of the human cost of the procedure, this presentation explores these questions from the perspectives of the child, the adult survivor, the parent, and the practitioner.

	[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at Georgetown University, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.		[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI\|Georgetown University\|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.

	Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 60%, down from a peak of 75% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. Great Britain, Canada and Australia have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas New Zealand is lower than 5%. In the US, the rate differs by regionally, with high rates of circumcision in the white South, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?		Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 60%, down from a peak of 75% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. Great Britain, Canada and Australia have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas New Zealand is lower than 5%. In the US, the rate differs by regionally, with high rates of circumcision in the white South, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?

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	* [http://vimeo.com/26130057 Video also available at Vimeo]		* [http://vimeo.com/26130057 Video also available at Vimeo]

	{{REF}}		{{ABBR}}<!--{{REF}}-->

	[[Category:Film]]		[[Category:Film]]

WikiAdmin: wikify Lewis Albert Sayre

2021-10-06T10:37:13Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 6 October 2021
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	# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)		# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)
	# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. Lewis Sayre of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys foreskin had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre circumcised the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote circumcision as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.		# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre\|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys foreskin had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre circumcised the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote circumcision as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.
	# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.		# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.
	# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.		# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:13, 7 July 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].		'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].

	One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give informed consent to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a ~~nonconsenting~~ child without any medical reason.		One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give informed consent to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a non-consenting child without any medical reason.

	'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.		'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI\|Georgetown University\|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.		[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI\|Georgetown University\|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.

	Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 52%, down from a peak of 85% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. [[United Kingdom\| Great Britain]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas [[New Zealand]] is lower than 5%. In the [[United States\| US]], the rate differs by regionally, with high rates of circumcision in the white ~~South~~, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?		Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 52%, down from a peak of 85% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. [[United Kingdom\| Great Britain]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas [[New Zealand]] is lower than 5%. In the [[United States\| US]], the rate differs regionally, with high rates of [[circumcision]] in the white Midwest, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?

	There are a number of reasons that brought circumcision to prominence in America in the early 20th century.		There are a number of reasons that brought circumcision to prominence in America in the early 20th century.

	# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)		# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)
	# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre\|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys foreskin had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre [[circumcised]] the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote [[circumcision]] as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.		# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre\|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys [[foreskin]] had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre [[circumcised]] the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote [[circumcision]] as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.
	# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.		# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.
	# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.		# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.

	Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west (it remains overwhelmingly common in the South). Today, the major medical societies in the USA do not recommend ~~routine~~ non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the United States.		Circumcision was at a statistical height of about 75% of the country from 1950 to 1970. Today it is becoming less popular, partially because of high numbers of Hispanic immigrants, and growing opposition in the more progressive northeast and west (it remains overwhelmingly common in the South). Today, the major medical societies in the USA do not recommend elective non-therapeutic infant circumcision. This has long also been the case in the rest of the English-speaking world, which has never seen circumcision rates as high as the [[United States]].

	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 7 July 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].		'''Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital''' by [[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, Executive Director of [[NotJustSkin.org]] and others, is an educative video about [[MGM]].

	One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of informed consent or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give informed consent to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a nonconsenting child without any medical reason.		One of NotJustSkin's primary missions is to educate the public about violations of [[informed consent]] or bodily integrity. In the U.S., [[MGM\|male genital cutting]], more often called [[circumcision]], is commonly practiced even though parents rarely receive the information that would be required to give informed consent to any other procedure. Circumcision is the only procedure where a doctor can legally amputate part of a nonconsenting child without any medical reason.

	'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.		'''NOTE:''' This presentation includes some graphic slides necessary to present the procedure and anatomy being discussed.
			<br><br>
	<youtube>Ceht-3xu84I</youtube>		<youtube>Ceht-3xu84I</youtube>

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	[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI\|Georgetown University\|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.		[[Ryan McAllister]], {{PhD}}, is a parent, a biophysicist, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Oncology at {{UNI\|Georgetown University\|GU}}, and also a volunteer who supports parents and families. Over the last 10 years he has been studying the medicalization of childbirth in U.S. hospitals.

	Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 60%, down from a peak of 75% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. Great Britain, Canada and Australia have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas New Zealand is lower than 5%. In the US, the rate differs by regionally, with high rates of circumcision in the white South, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?		Today, most Americans think of circumcision as natural procedure for male babies. Neonatal circumcision is the most common operation carried out in the U.S. today. Nationally, rates are as high as 52%, down from a peak of 85% in the 1970s. But when compared to the rest of the English speaking world, America is unique. [[United Kingdom\| Great Britain]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] have current rates of male circumcision at about 15%, whereas [[New Zealand]] is lower than 5%. In the [[United States\| US]], the rate differs by regionally, with high rates of circumcision in the white South, but low circumcision rates among babies of Hispanic origin. Most of the rest of the Western world has retained the abhorrence of male circumcision that has existed in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks. (In 18th century England feared Jewish emancipation meant universal circumcision!). What happened in the US that made the procedure so popular?

	There are a number of reasons that brought circumcision to prominence in America in the early 20th century.		There are a number of reasons that brought circumcision to prominence in America in the early 20th century.

	# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)		# Stop [[masturbation]]! Advocates were aided by the puritanical moral sentiment of the day, as circumcision was promoted as a way to discourage [[masturbation]]. (Modern surveys have actually shown the opposite to be true.)
	# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre\|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys foreskin had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre circumcised the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote circumcision as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.		# Circumcision as a cure for maladies. In 1870, Dr. [[Lewis Albert Sayre\|Lewis Sayre]] of New York (and vice president of the newly-formed American Medical Association), examined a boy who was unable to straighten his legs and whose condition had so far defied regular treatment. Upon noting that the boys genitals were inflamed, Sayre hypothesized that chronic irritation of the boys foreskin had paralyzed his knees via reflex neurosis. Sayre [[circumcised]] the boy, and within a few weeks he recovered from his paralysis. After additional positive results, Sayre began to promote [[circumcision]] as an orthopedic remedy, and his prominence within the medical profession and the newly formed AMA allowed him to reach a wide audience. Over the next decades, the list of ailments reputed to be treatable through circumcision grew to include hernia, bladder infections, kidney stones, insomnia, rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, erectile dysfunction, syphilis, insanity, and a handful of other syndromes.
	# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.		# Hospitals. Compounded by cause no. 1, as hospitals proliferated in urban areas, more children were under the care of physicians in hospitals rather than with midwives in the home. Some historians have even theorized that circumcision became a class marker of those wealthy enough to afford a hospital birth.
	# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.		# Easier Surgical Procedures. The discovery in 1885 of hypodermic cocaine as a local anaesthetic made it easier for doctors without expertise in the use of chloroform to perform minor surgeries. Several mechanically-aided circumcision techniques, forerunners of modern clamp-based circumcision methods, were first published in the medical literature of the 1890s, allowing surgeons to perform circumcisions more safely and successfully.