Female circumcision - Revision history

WikiAdmin: /* Variations of female genital cutting */ note about wrong labeling of a diagram (hint by Hannes Mueller)

2023-12-03T13:34:36Z

Variations of female genital cutting: note about wrong labeling of a diagram (hint by Hannes Mueller)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 3 December 2023
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	[[Image:FGC-Types.png\|thumb\|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy.]]		[[Image:FGC-Types.png\|thumb\|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy. '''Note:''' The graphic comes from an external source and incorrectly refers to the [[clitoral glans]] as just the [[clitoris]].]]

	=== Type I ===		=== Type I ===

WikiAdmin: clitoris -> clitoral glans

2023-09-12T11:59:29Z

clitoris -> clitoral glans

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:59, 12 September 2023
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	=== Type I ===		=== Type I ===

	The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument		The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[clitoral glans]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
	\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO		\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO
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	===Type II ===		===Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[~~clitoris~~]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html
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	=== Type IV: other types ===		=== Type IV: other types ===

	There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[~~clitoris~~]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>		There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoral glans]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}

WikiAdmin: simplify references

2022-04-30T14:05:37Z

simplify references

Show changes

WikiAdmin: typo

2022-04-30T14:00:43Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:00, 30 April 2022
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	\|init=MI		\|init=MI
	\|title=Female circumcision debate: A muslim surgeon’s perspective		\|title=Female circumcision debate: A muslim surgeon’s perspective
	- \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8260090/		\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8260090/
	\|journal=Turk J Urol		\|journal=Turk J Urol
	\|date=2021-05-01		\|date=2021-05-01

WikiAdmin: added LINKS + Ihsan 2021

2022-04-30T13:59:54Z

added LINKS + Ihsan 2021

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 30 April 2022
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	There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoris]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>		There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoris]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

			{{LINKS}}
			* {{REFjournal
			\|last=Karaman
			\|first=M. Ihsan
			\|init=MI
			\|title=Female circumcision debate: A muslim surgeon’s perspective
			- \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8260090/
			\|journal=Turk J Urol
			\|date=2021-05-01
			\|volume=47
			\|issue=3
			\|pages=193–8
			\|DOI=10.5152/tud.2021.20546
			\|accessdate=2022-04-30
			}}

	{{REF}}		{{REF}}

WikiAdmin: added interwiki link

2022-04-30T13:04:15Z

added interwiki link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 30 April 2022
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	[[Category:Genital surgery]]		[[Category:Genital surgery]]
	[[Category:FGM in the United States]]		[[Category:FGM in the United States]]

	[[Category:From Intactipedia]]		[[Category:From Intactipedia]]
	[[Category:From IntactWiki]]		[[Category:From IntactWiki]]

			[[de:Weibliche Beschneidung]]

WikiAdmin: wikify skin

2021-12-27T16:03:11Z

wikify skin

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 27 December 2021
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	\|pages=15		\|pages=15
	\|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61042-2/fulltext		\|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61042-2/fulltext
	\|quote=The authors suggested that a “ritual nick,” in which the clitoral skin is pricked or incised, might satisfy these symbolic requirements, and “is no more of an alteration than ear piercing”.		\|quote=The authors suggested that a “ritual nick,” in which the clitoral [[skin]] is pricked or incised, might satisfy these symbolic requirements, and “is no more of an alteration than ear piercing”.
	\|pubmedID=		\|pubmedID=
	\|pubmedCID=		\|pubmedCID=

WikiAdmin: wikify labia majora

2021-12-27T12:18:04Z

wikify labia majora

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 27 December 2021
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	===Type II ===		===Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
	\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO		\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO
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	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html

WikiAdmin: wikify labia minora

2021-12-27T12:09:03Z

wikify labia minora

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 27 December 2021
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	===Type II ===		===Type II ===

	The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the labia minora; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the labia minora and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument		The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the labia majora. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the labia majora.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument
	\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf		\|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
	\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO		\|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO
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	=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===		=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

	The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb		The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the labia majora, with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|quote=		\|quote=
	\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html		\|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html

WikiAdmin: using UNI template

2021-12-13T21:33:14Z

using UNI template

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 13 December 2021
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	\|date=2010-05-11		\|date=2010-05-11
	\|accessdate=2011-09-27		\|accessdate=2011-09-27
	}}</ref> In their report, chiefly authored by Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at Cleveland State University,<ref>{{REFnews		}}</ref> In their report, chiefly authored by Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at {{UNI\|Cleveland State University\|CSUOhio}},<ref>{{REFnews
	\|last=Luscombe		\|last=Luscombe
	\|first=Belinda		\|first=Belinda
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	\|title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting?		\|title=Has a U.S. Pediatrics Group Condoned Genital Cutting?
	\|publisher=Time		\|publisher=Time
	\|quote=...the report's lead author, Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at Cleveland State University...		\|quote=...the report's lead author, Dena Davis, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at {{UNI\|Cleveland State University\|CSUOhio}}...
	\|date=2010-05-11		\|date=2010-05-11
	\|accessdate=		\|accessdate=