Jewish circumcision - Revision history

WikiAdmin: wikify Israel

2024-03-25T08:03:30Z

wikify Israel

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	[[Image:After milah.gif\|right\|thumb\|The penis after original milah.]]		[[Image:After milah.gif\|right\|thumb\|The penis after original milah.]]

	The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].		The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in [[Israel]], or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].

	Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the [[acroposthion\| tip]] of the [[foreskin]]. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the [[foreskin]] up through a protective device called a ''barzel'' and slicing it off.		Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the [[acroposthion\| tip]] of the [[foreskin]]. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the [[foreskin]] up through a protective device called a ''barzel'' and slicing it off.

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 }}</ref> The circumcision is conducted by a traditional circumciser called a ''[[mohel]]'' in a ritual known as a ''bris.'' There are three stages in how a traditional Jewish circumcision is now performed; these are ''milah'', ''peri'ah'', and ''metsitsah b'peh''.
 == Milah ==

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Metzitzah b'peh

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	\|DOI=		\|DOI=
	\|accessdate=2019-11-13		\|accessdate=2019-11-13
	}}</ref> so a modified version of metzitzah b'peh has been introduced, where ~~mohels~~ suck blood through a glass tube, in order to avoid direct contact with the penis.		}}</ref> so a modified version of metzitzah b'peh has been introduced, where ''mohelim'' suck blood through a glass tube, in order to avoid direct contact with the [[penis]].

	In 2005, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/26/nyregion/26circumcise.html?_r=2 a mohel in New York] was found to have infected three newborns with [[herpes]] via [[metzitzah b'peh]], one of whom subsequently died. The Health Commissioner of the day, Thomas R. Frieden, basically pardoned Yitzchok Fischer, the mohel in question, and no further action was to be done regarding getting Orthodox leaders to abandon metzitzah b'peh. Frieden's open letter to the Jewish community can be read [http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf here].		In 2005, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/26/nyregion/26circumcise.html?_r=2 a mohel in New York] was found to have infected three newborns with [[herpes]] via [[metzitzah b'peh]], one of whom subsequently died. The Health Commissioner of the day, Thomas R. Frieden, basically pardoned Yitzchok Fischer, the ''[[mohel]]'' in question, and no further action was to be done regarding getting Orthodox leaders to abandon metzitzah b'peh. Frieden's open letter to the Jewish community can be read [http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf here].

	Defenders of metzitzah b'peh say that there is no proof that it spreads disease at all. In Rockland County, where Fischer lives in the Hasidic community of Monsey, he had been barred from performing oral suction, but the state health department retracted a request it had made to him to stop the practice. And in New Jersey, where he has done some of his 12,000 circumcisions, health authorities have been silent.		Defenders of metzitzah b'peh say that there is no proof that it spreads disease at all. In Rockland County, where Fischer lives in the Hasidic community of Monsey, he had been barred from performing oral suction, but the state health department retracted a request it had made to him to stop the practice. And in New Jersey, where he has done some of his 12,000 circumcisions, health authorities have been silent.

	According to the Fischer's lawyer, there was no "conclusive proof" that he had spread [[herpes]], and that he should be allowed to continue the practice. According to the mohel, the twin who died and the Staten Island boy both had [[herpes]]-like rashes before they were circumcised and were seen by a pediatrician who approved their circumcision (Fischer knew there was a problem and yet he continued?).		According to the Fischer's lawyer, there was no "conclusive proof" that he had spread [[herpes]], and that he should be allowed to continue the practice. According to the ''[[mohel]]'', the twin who died and the Staten Island boy both had [[herpes]]-like rashes before they were [[circumcised]] and were seen by a pediatrician who approved their circumcision (Fischer knew there was a problem and yet he continued?).

	== How Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision differ ==		== How Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision differ ==

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	* [[Epispasm]]		* [[Epispasm]]
	* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]		* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
			* [[Pain]]

	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}

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	[[Image:Milah barzel.gif\|right\|thumb\|Mohels often use some sort of device to keep the glans from being severed.]]		[[Image:Milah barzel.gif\|right\|thumb\|Mohels often use some sort of device to keep the glans from being severed.]]

	In Jewish tradition, boys are circumcised on their 8th day of life. The circumcision is conducted by a traditional circumciser called a ''[[mohel]]'' in a ritual known as a ''bris.'' There are three stages in how a traditional Jewish circumcision is performed; these are ''milah'', ''peri'ah'', and ''metsitsah b'peh''.		In Jewish tradition, boys are circumcised on their 8th day of life. The tradition is based on the [[Abrahamic covenant]] found in Genesis 17.<ref name="bigelow1995">{{REFbook
			\|last=Bigelow
			\|first=
			\|init=J
			\|author-link=Jim Bigelow
			\|year=1995
			\|title=The Joy of Uncircumcising
			\|url=
			\|work=The Development of Circumcision in Judaism
			\|editor=
			\|edition=Second Edition
			\|volume=
			\|chapter=Chapter Six
			\|scope=
			\|page=
			\|pages=54-60
			\|location=Aptos, CA
			\|publisher=Hourglass
			\|ISBN=0-934061-22-X
			\|quote=
			\|accessdate=2023-08-29
			\|note=
			}}</ref> The circumcision is conducted by a traditional circumciser called a ''[[mohel]]'' in a ritual known as a ''bris.'' There are three stages in how a traditional Jewish circumcision is now performed; these are ''milah'', ''peri'ah'', and ''metsitsah b'peh''.

	== Milah ==		== Milah ==
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	The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].		The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].

	Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the [[acroposthion\| tip]] of the [[foreskin]]. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the foreskin up through a protective device and slicing it off.		Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the [[acroposthion\| tip]] of the [[foreskin]]. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the [[foreskin]] up through a protective device called a ''barzel'' and slicing it off.

	The result was a [[penis]] that still retained much of the [[foreskin]], with just the tip of the [[glans]] protruding.		The result was a [[penis]] that still retained much of the [[foreskin]], with just the tip of the [[glans]] protruding.
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	This stage of Jewish circumcision was implemented in the 2nd century by hardline rabbis who wanted to make it difficult for Jewish men to [[~~Foreskin restoration~~\|restore]].<ref>{{REFbook		This stage of Jewish circumcision was implemented in the 2nd century by hardline rabbis who wanted to make it difficult for Jewish men to [[epispasm\|restore]].<ref>{{REFbook
	\|last=Glick		\|last=Glick
	\|first=Leonard B.		\|first=Leonard B.

WikiModEn2: /* Metzitzah b'peh */ Wikify.

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Metzitzah b'peh: Wikify.

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	[[Image:Metzitzah_b_peh.gif\|right\|thumb\|A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant.]]		[[Image:Metzitzah_b_peh.gif\|right\|thumb\|A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant.]]

	''Metzitzah b'peh'' (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the mohel sucks on the [[bleeding]] [[penis]] of the infant with his mouth; this is claimed to reduce [[bleeding]], though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear.		''[[Metzitzah b'peh]]'' (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the ''[[mohel]]'' sucks on the [[bleeding]] [[penis]] of the infant with his mouth; this is claimed to reduce [[bleeding]], though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear.

	In the recent past (1913), it was realized that some ~~mohels~~ were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises,<ref>{{REFjournal		In the recent past (1913), it was realized that some ''mohelim'' were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises,<ref>{{REFjournal
	\|last=Holt		\|last=Holt
	\|first=L. Emmett		\|first=L. Emmett

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Peri'ah: Wikify.

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	== Peri'ah ==		== Peri'ah ==

	At birth, the [[foreskin]] is adhered to the [[glans]] by a [[synechia]] like a nail to a finger. ''[[Periah\| Peri'ah]]'' (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing foreskin as far as the base of the [[glans]] (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed. <ref>{{REFbook		At birth, the [[foreskin]] is adhered to the [[glans]] by a [[synechia]] like a nail to a finger. ''[[Periah\| Peri'ah]]'' (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing [[foreskin]] as far as the base of the [[glans]] (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed.<ref>{{REFbook
	\|last=Cohen		\|last=Cohen
	\|first=Shaye J. D.		\|first=Shaye J. D.
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	\|publisher={{UNI\|Oxford University\|Oxon}} Press		\|publisher={{UNI\|Oxford University\|Oxon}} Press
	\|isbn=0-19-517674-X		\|isbn=0-19-517674-X
	\|quote=For obvious reasons this was anathema to the rabbis: tantamount to rejection of Judaism and defiance of rabbinic authority.		\|quote=For obvious reasons this was anathema to the rabbis: tantamount to rejection of [[Judaism]] and defiance of rabbinic authority.
	\|accessdate=2011-09-23		\|accessdate=2011-09-23
	\|note=		\|note=
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	\|publisher={{UNI\|Oxford University\|Oxon}} Press		\|publisher={{UNI\|Oxford University\|Oxon}} Press
	\|isbn=0-19-517674-X		\|isbn=0-19-517674-X
	\|quote=Foreskin stretching (called "uncircumcision," or epispasm) appears to have been a common practice among Hellenized Jewish men...		\|quote=Foreskin stretching (called "uncircumcision," or [[epispasm]]) appears to have been a common practice among Hellenized Jewish men...
	\|accessdate=2011-09-23		\|accessdate=2011-09-23
	\|note=		\|note=

WikiModEn2: /* Milah */ Wikify.

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Milah: Wikify.

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	The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].		The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called ''milah'' in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is ''brit'' in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or ''bris'' in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms ''brit milah,'' or ''bris milah.'' Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than [[circumcision]].

	Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the tip of the foreskin. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the foreskin up through a protective device and slicing it off.		Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the [[acroposthion\| tip]] of the [[foreskin]]. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the foreskin up through a protective device and slicing it off.

	The result was a penis that still retained much of the [[foreskin]], with just the tip of the glans protruding.		The result was a [[penis]] that still retained much of the [[foreskin]], with just the tip of the [[glans]] protruding.

	== Peri'ah ==		== Peri'ah ==

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Peri'ah

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	== Peri'ah ==		== Peri'ah ==

	At birth, the [[foreskin]] is adhered to the [[glans]] by a [[synechia]] like a nail to a finger. ''Peri'ah'' (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing foreskin as far as the base of the [[glans]] (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed. <ref>{{REFbook		At birth, the [[foreskin]] is adhered to the [[glans]] by a [[synechia]] like a nail to a finger. ''[[Periah\| Peri'ah]]'' (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing foreskin as far as the base of the [[glans]] (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed. <ref>{{REFbook
	\|last=Cohen		\|last=Cohen
	\|first=Shaye J. D.		\|first=Shaye J. D.

WikiAdmin: wikify bleeding

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wikify bleeding

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	[[Image:Metzitzah_b_peh.gif\|right\|thumb\|A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant.]]		[[Image:Metzitzah_b_peh.gif\|right\|thumb\|A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant.]]

	''Metzitzah b'peh'' (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the mohel sucks on the bleeding [[penis]] of the infant with his mouth; this is claimed to reduce bleeding, though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear.		''Metzitzah b'peh'' (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the mohel sucks on the [[bleeding]] [[penis]] of the infant with his mouth; this is claimed to reduce [[bleeding]], though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear.

	In the recent past (1913), it was realized that some mohels were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises,<ref>{{REFjournal		In the recent past (1913), it was realized that some mohels were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises,<ref>{{REFjournal