MC v. Aaronson - Revision history

WikiAdmin: wikify puberty

2025-09-29T13:26:42Z

wikify puberty

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 29 September 2025
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	"The reason we’re doing this is so some change is made. That’s really what we see as what’s important," Pam Crawford said. "To make a settlement and make it a private thing, it’s not what we want to accomplish with this."		"The reason we’re doing this is so some change is made. That’s really what we see as what’s important," Pam Crawford said. "To make a settlement and make it a private thing, it’s not what we want to accomplish with this."

	The Crawfords also want money to pay for treatment that M.C. will need during and after puberty, but they have not named a specific amount in their lawsuit. They don’t yet know what his treatment will entail or how much it will cost.		The Crawfords also want money to pay for treatment that M.C. will need during and after [[puberty]], but they have not named a specific amount in their lawsuit. They don’t yet know what his treatment will entail or how much it will cost.

	== Statement from the Greenville Hospital System ==		== Statement from the Greenville Hospital System ==

WikiModEn2: /* Surgery */

2023-12-26T16:17:48Z

Surgery

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 26 December 2023
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	On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s penis to look more like a [[clitoris]] ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.		On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s [[penis]] to look more like a [[clitoris]] ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.

	He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.		He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.

WikiModEn2: Wikify.

2022-09-28T23:02:45Z

Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 28 September 2022
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	It is the first lawsuit of its kind filed on behalf an intersex child who was given sex assignment surgery while too young to give [[informed consent]].<ref name="bennett-smith2013">{{REFnews		It is the first lawsuit of its kind filed on behalf an [[intersex]] child who was given sex assignment surgery while too young to give [[informed consent]].<ref name="bennett-smith2013">{{REFnews
	\|title=Mark And Pam Crawford, parents of intersex child, sue South Carolina for sex assignment surgery		\|title=Mark And Pam Crawford, parents of intersex child, sue South Carolina for sex assignment surgery
	\|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mark-pam-crawford-intersex-child_n_3280353		\|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mark-pam-crawford-intersex-child_n_3280353

WikiAdmin: wikify Informed consent

2022-08-25T12:46:21Z

wikify Informed consent

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 25 August 2022
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	It is the first lawsuit of its kind filed on behalf an intersex child who was given sex assignment surgery while too young to give informed consent.<ref name="bennett-smith2013">{{REFnews		It is the first lawsuit of its kind filed on behalf an intersex child who was given sex assignment surgery while too young to give [[informed consent]].<ref name="bennett-smith2013">{{REFnews
	\|title=Mark And Pam Crawford, parents of intersex child, sue South Carolina for sex assignment surgery		\|title=Mark And Pam Crawford, parents of intersex child, sue South Carolina for sex assignment surgery
	\|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mark-pam-crawford-intersex-child_n_3280353		\|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mark-pam-crawford-intersex-child_n_3280353
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	The suit filed in federal court alleged that the defendants violated the child's right to privacy by deciding to go forward with the surgery. The state suit alleges medical malpractice and gross negligence.		The suit filed in federal court alleged that the defendants violated the child's right to privacy by deciding to go forward with the surgery. The state suit alleges medical malpractice and gross negligence.

	M.C.’s lawsuit–supported by the [https://www.splcenter.org Southern Poverty Law Center], among others–brought § 1983 claims against all defendants, alleging that they violated substantive and procedural due process rights guaranteed to M.C. by the 14th Amendment. It also charged that that the doctors committed medical malpractice by failing to obtain adequate informed consent before proceeding. The District Court for the District of South Carolina denied the defendants’ motions to dismiss and rejected their defense of qualified immunity.		M.C.’s lawsuit–supported by the [https://www.splcenter.org Southern Poverty Law Center], among others–brought § 1983 claims against all defendants, alleging that they violated substantive and procedural due process rights guaranteed to M.C. by the 14th Amendment. It also charged that that the doctors committed medical malpractice by failing to obtain adequate [[informed consent]] before proceeding. The District Court for the District of South Carolina denied the defendants’ motions to dismiss and rejected their defense of qualified immunity.

	[[Advocates for Informed Choice]] (AIC) is working with the SPLC on behalf of the Crawfords. The AIC is an organization that specializes in advocating for the rights of intersex children, according to its director and founder, Anne Tamar-Mattis.		[[Advocates for Informed Choice]] (AIC) is working with the SPLC on behalf of the Crawfords. The AIC is an organization that specializes in advocating for the rights of intersex children, according to its director and founder, Anne Tamar-Mattis.

WikiModEn2: /* Background */ Wikify.

2022-07-22T19:40:05Z

Background: Wikify.

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	Three months later, the Department of Social Services stepped in. Court records show the biological parents relinquished their rights.		Three months later, the Department of Social Services stepped in. Court records show the biological parents relinquished their rights.

	Court records indicate that at birth, M.C. was identified as a male. During a reflux surgery, "female organs were discovered" (In current nomenclature, this is referred to as [[Ambiguous genitalia]]). Doctors at the Greenville Hospital System concluded the baby was a "true hermaphrodite." (The word 'hermaphrodite' is no longer used to describe intersex or DSD conditions because it's biologically inexact and also offensive). M.C. was born with a relatively rare intersex disorder called ovotesticular DSD, which doctors say makes it particularly difficult to predict gender.		Court records indicate that at birth, M.C. was identified as a male. During a reflux surgery, "female organs were discovered" (In current nomenclature, this is referred to as [[Ambiguous genitalia]]). Doctors at the Greenville Hospital System concluded the baby was a "true hermaphrodite." (The word 'hermaphrodite' is no longer used to describe intersex or [[DSD]] conditions because it's biologically inexact and also offensive). M.C. was born with a relatively rare intersex disorder called ovotesticular DSD, which doctors say makes it particularly difficult to predict gender.

	They referred the case to the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} where ultimately, sex re-assignment surgery was performed in April 2006 on the then 1-year-old.		They referred the case to the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} where ultimately, sex re-assignment surgery was performed in April 2006 on the then 1-year-old.

WikiAdmin: category

2022-02-25T09:56:44Z

WikiAdmin: using UNI template

2021-12-12T12:48:25Z

using UNI template

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 12 December 2021
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	~~{\| class="infobox vcard" style="175px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"~~		[[File:MCvsAaronson.jpg\|thumb\|M.C.]]
	\|-		'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a groundbreaking lawsuit against the [https://dss.sc.gov South Carolina Department of Social Services], [https://www.ghs.org/ Greenville Hospital System], {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} and individual employees, including Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]], over a sexual reassignment/normalization surgery performed on a baby born with [[Intersex traits]], while the baby was in the custody of the state.<ref name="white2014">{{REFjournal
	~~\| align="right" \|~~ [[~~Image~~:MCvsAaronson.jpg\|~~175px~~]]
	~~\|- style="background: #DCDCDC"~~
	~~\| align="center" \| MC~~
	\|}

	'''~~M.C. vs Aaronson~~''' is a groundbreaking lawsuit against the [https://dss.sc.gov South Carolina Department of Social Services], [https://www.ghs.org/ Greenville Hospital System],~~[https://web.musc.edu~~ Medical University of South Carolina]] and individual employees, including Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]], over a sexual reassignment/normalization surgery performed on a baby born with [[Intersex traits]], while the baby was in the custody of the state.<ref name="white2014">{{REFjournal
	\|last=White		\|last=White
	\|first=Ryan L.		\|first=Ryan L.
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	Court records indicate that at birth, M.C. was identified as a male. During a reflux surgery, "female organs were discovered" (In current nomenclature, this is referred to as [[Ambiguous genitalia]]). Doctors at the Greenville Hospital System concluded the baby was a "true hermaphrodite." (The word 'hermaphrodite' is no longer used to describe intersex or DSD conditions because it's biologically inexact and also offensive). M.C. was born with a relatively rare intersex disorder called ovotesticular DSD, which doctors say makes it particularly difficult to predict gender.		Court records indicate that at birth, M.C. was identified as a male. During a reflux surgery, "female organs were discovered" (In current nomenclature, this is referred to as [[Ambiguous genitalia]]). Doctors at the Greenville Hospital System concluded the baby was a "true hermaphrodite." (The word 'hermaphrodite' is no longer used to describe intersex or DSD conditions because it's biologically inexact and also offensive). M.C. was born with a relatively rare intersex disorder called ovotesticular DSD, which doctors say makes it particularly difficult to predict gender.

	They referred the case to the ~~[https://web.musc.edu~~ Medical University of South Carolina] where ultimately, sex re-assignment surgery was performed in April 2006 on the then 1-year-old.		They referred the case to the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} where ultimately, sex re-assignment surgery was performed in April 2006 on the then 1-year-old.

	Mark and Pam Crawford adopted M.C. a few months later.<ref name="sausser2015">{{REFnews		Mark and Pam Crawford adopted M.C. a few months later.<ref name="sausser2015">{{REFnews
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s penis to look more like a [[clitoris]] ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.		On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}} (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s penis to look more like a [[clitoris]] ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.

	He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.		He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.
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	== Statement from the Greenville Hospital System ==		== Statement from the Greenville Hospital System ==

	In April of 2014, Dr. William F. Schmidt, medical director of the GHS Children's Hospital, sent WYFF a statement saying, "A thorough review of the medical files will show that treatment this child received while under our care was consistent with the highest standards of medical practice and medical ethics."<ref name="wyff2014" />		In April of 2014, Dr. William F. Schmidt, medical director of the GHS Children's Hospital, sent WYFF a statement saying, "A thorough review of the medical files will show that treatment this child received while under our care was consistent with the highest standards of medical practice and medical ethics."<ref name="wyff2014"/>

	==Conclusion==		== Conclusion ==
			After four years of litigation (including a lengthy discovery process), the Parties agreed that it was mutually beneficial to amicably resolve this case. This case has been resolved and dismissed with no admission of liability or wrongdoing on the part of the {{UNI\|Medical University of South Carolina\|MUSC}}, South Carolina Department of Social Services, or any of the physicians and/or employees.<ref name="splc2013"/>
	After four years of litigation (including a lengthy discovery process), the Parties agreed that it was mutually beneficial to amicably resolve this case. This case has been resolved and dismissed with no admission of liability or wrongdoing on the part of the Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina Department of Social Services, or any of the physicians and/or employees.<ref name="splc2013"/>

	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}

	* [[Ambiguous genitalia]]		* [[Ambiguous genitalia]]
	* [[DSD]]		* [[DSD]]

WikiAdmin: wikify clitoris

2021-11-24T08:00:48Z

wikify clitoris

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:00, 24 November 2021
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s penis to look more like a clitoris ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.		On April 18, 2006, when M.C. was 16 months old, Dr. [[Ian Aaronson]] operated on him at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). He reduced M.C.’s penis to look more like a [[clitoris]] ([[Clitoroplasty]]), cut up his scrotum to form labia, and removed his internal testicle tissue ([[Orchiectomy]]). Two other specialists also treated M.C.: Dr. Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah, who worked at MUSC, and Dr. James Amrhein from Greenville Hospital.

	He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.		He had been identified as a boy at birth because of his “rather large” penis. Routine blood tests showed his testosterone levels were extremely elevated. However, he had a small vaginal opening beneath his penis and both ovarian and testicular tissue.

WikiAdmin: added Category:Lawsuit

2021-05-01T16:37:53Z

added Category:Lawsuit

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	[[Category:'... v. ...']]		[[Category:'... v. ...']]
	[[Category:Intersexleaks]]		[[Category:Intersexleaks]]
			[[Category:Lawsuit]]
	[[Category:Litigation]]		[[Category:Litigation]]
	[[Category:Litigation over intersex]]		[[Category:Litigation over intersex]]

	[[Category:From IntactWiki]]		[[Category:From IntactWiki]]

WikiAdmin: adjusted REFjournal

2020-12-29T14:55:40Z

adjusted REFjournal

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	\|last=White		\|last=White
	\|first=Ryan L.		\|first=Ryan L.
			\|init=RL
	\|author-link=		\|author-link=
	\|title=Preferred Private Parts: Importing Intersex Autonomy for ''M.C. v. Aaronson''		\|title=Preferred Private Parts: Importing Intersex Autonomy for ''M.C. v. Aaronson''

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 25 February 2022
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	[[Category:'... v. ...']]		[[Category:'... v. ...']]
			[[Category:Intersex]]
	[[Category:Intersexleaks]]		[[Category:Intersexleaks]]
	[[Category:Lawsuit]]		[[Category:Lawsuit]]