National Institutes of Health - Revision history

WikiModEn2: /* NICHD funded studies */ Wikify

2022-11-04T11:05:28Z

NICHD funded studies: Wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 4 November 2022
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	== NICHD funded studies ==		== NICHD funded studies ==

	The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is presently funding a five-year (2009-2013), $465,108 'study' entitled "[[HIV]] PREVALENCE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CIRCUMCISION AMONG COLOMBIA" (sic) with the stated aim of investigating "individual, social, and structural influences on [[HIV]] risk and serostatus among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bogota, Colombia...Moreover, it will evaluate the protection against [[HIV]] afforded by circumcision among MSM in Colombia"<ref>{{REFweb		The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is presently funding a five-year (2009-2013), $465,108 'study' entitled "[[HIV]] PREVALENCE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CIRCUMCISION AMONG COLOMBIA" (sic) with the stated aim of investigating "individual, social, and structural influences on [[HIV]] risk and serostatus among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bogota, Colombia...Moreover, it will evaluate the protection against [[HIV]] afforded by [[circumcision]] among MSM in Colombia"<ref>{{REFweb
	\|url=http://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7495232		\|url=http://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7495232
	\|title=Project Information 1R01HD057785-01A1		\|title=Project Information 1R01HD057785-01A1

WikiModEn2: /* Three RCTs in Africa */ Add text and citations.

2022-11-04T10:54:49Z

Three RCTs in Africa: Add text and citations.

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 == Three RCTs in Africa ==
 The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse [[circumcision]] as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.
 == Other Projects ==

WikiModEn2: /* Continuing advocating for more circumcision */ Add two sections.

2022-11-04T10:48:43Z

Continuing advocating for more circumcision: Add two sections.

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 }}
 {{ABBR}}
 {{REF}}

WikiModEn2: /* Continuing advocating for more circumcision */ Wikify.

2022-11-03T22:34:02Z

Continuing advocating for more circumcision: Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 3 November 2022
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	== Continuing advocating for more circumcision ==		== Continuing advocating for more circumcision ==

	From a National [[HIV]] Vaccine Awareness Day statement dated 18 May 2011 by Anthony S. Fauci, {{MD}}, Director of NIAID (emphasis added):<ref>{{REFweb		From a National [[HIV]] Vaccine Awareness Day statement dated 18 May 2011 by [[Anthony Fauci\| Anthony S. Fauci]], {{MD}}, Director of NIAID (emphasis added):<ref>{{REFweb
	\|last=Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health		\|last=Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health
	\|first=		\|first=

WikiModEn2: /* Three RCTs in Africa */ Wikify.

2022-11-03T22:31:16Z

Three RCTs in Africa: Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 3 November 2022
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	== Three RCTs in Africa ==		== Three RCTs in Africa ==
	The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the WHO to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.		The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse [[circumcision]] as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.

	== Other Projects ==		== Other Projects ==

WikiAdmin: wikify DOC

2022-06-16T09:07:19Z

wikify DOC

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 16 June 2022
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	\|last=		\|last=
	\|first=		\|first=
	\|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision		\|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
	\|date=2008		\|date=2008
	\|title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection		\|title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection

WikiAdmin: wikify

2022-06-15T17:51:55Z

wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 15 June 2022
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	This article also evaluates the evidence that circumcision decreases bacterial vaginosis, T vaginalis infection, and genital ulcer disease in heterosexual men’s female partners. Additionally, it discusses the plausibility of a biological basis for why male circumcision would reduce viral sexually transmitted diseases.		This article also evaluates the evidence that circumcision decreases bacterial vaginosis, T vaginalis infection, and genital ulcer disease in heterosexual men’s female partners. Additionally, it discusses the plausibility of a biological basis for why male circumcision would reduce viral sexually transmitted diseases.

	As to the ethics of the Zambian study, we do not believe that it violates the basic human rights of its participants. Parents must make choices for their children when they are unable to consent for themselves. Although there may be controversy over the question of whether parents can give proxy consent to non-therapeutic interventions, especially if they carry risks, there is no controversy over whether parents can give proxy consent to therapeutic interventions such as vaccines or appendectomies. The randomized clinical trial data provides assurance that male circumcision is therapeutic, unlike female circumcision. You may be interested in the position of the WHO which states that female circumcision can be very harmful and that there are not any health benefits derived from the procedure (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/).		As to the ethics of the Zambian study, we do not believe that it violates the basic [[human rights]] of its participants. Parents must make choices for their children when they are unable to consent for themselves. Although there may be controversy over the question of whether parents can give proxy consent to non-therapeutic interventions, especially if they carry risks, there is no controversy over whether parents can give proxy consent to therapeutic interventions such as vaccines or appendectomies. The randomized clinical trial data provides assurance that male circumcision is therapeutic, unlike female circumcision. You may be interested in the position of the WHO which states that female circumcision can be very harmful and that there are not any health benefits derived from the procedure (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/).

	We can assure you that safeguards are in place for all NIH-supported research involving people. For instance, local committees--called Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Research Ethics Committees (RECs)--are required to review research to assure that the rights and welfare of study participants are protected. This review includes the equitable selection of participants, maintenance of privacy and confidentiality, minimizing coercion or undue influence, and ensuring appropriate safeguards in vulnerable participants. Committee members have knowledge of the local research context and cultural considerations. In addition, research is often conducted in adult populations to obtain safety data prior to acquiring data in vulnerable population such as children. In the case of Zambia, the Zambian Ministry of Health (MOH) oversees research. It is the MOH’‘s role to consider the ethical and public health implications of research studies within their purview. As such, the Zambian MOH is responsible for approving and implementing the WHO recommendations regarding male circumcision for [[HIV]] prevention in that country and have made the decision to do so. Since the Zambian Ministry of Health and the local IRB/REC have reviewed and approved the research study in question, the local ethical and public health issues, in their opinion, have been addressed.		We can assure you that safeguards are in place for all NIH-supported research involving people. For instance, local committees--called Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Research Ethics Committees (RECs)--are required to review research to assure that the rights and welfare of study participants are protected. This review includes the equitable selection of participants, maintenance of privacy and confidentiality, minimizing coercion or undue influence, and ensuring appropriate safeguards in vulnerable participants. Committee members have knowledge of the local research context and cultural considerations. In addition, research is often conducted in adult populations to obtain safety data prior to acquiring data in vulnerable population such as children. In the case of Zambia, the Zambian Ministry of Health (MOH) oversees research. It is the MOH’‘s role to consider the ethical and public health implications of research studies within their purview. As such, the Zambian MOH is responsible for approving and implementing the WHO recommendations regarding male circumcision for [[HIV]] prevention in that country and have made the decision to do so. Since the Zambian Ministry of Health and the local IRB/REC have reviewed and approved the research study in question, the local ethical and public health issues, in their opinion, have been addressed.

WikiAdmin: using template:RCT Auvert et al 2005

2021-12-31T07:54:41Z

using template:RCT Auvert et al 2005

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 == Three RCTs in Africa ==
-The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the WHO to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{REFjournal
+The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the WHO to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.
 == Other Projects ==

WikiAdmin: using template:RCT Gray et al 2007

2021-12-31T05:57:48Z

using template:RCT Gray et al 2007

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   |url=http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298
   |DOI=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298
-}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{REFjournal
+}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.
 == Other Projects ==

WikiAdmin: using template:RCT Bailey et al 2007

2021-12-31T05:49:58Z

using template:RCT Bailey et al 2007

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
   |url=http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298
   |DOI=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298
-}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{REFjournal
+}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Gray
   |init=RH