Periah - Revision history

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	[[Category:Circumcision term]]		[[Category:Circumcision term]]
	[[Category:Education]]		[[Category:Education]]
			[[Category:Greece]]
	[[Category:History]]		[[Category:History]]
	[[Category:Male circumcision]]		[[Category:Male circumcision]]

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	\|accessdate=2023-08-22		\|accessdate=2023-08-22
	}}</ref> Periah is the name given to the second part of the [[Jewish circumcision\|Jewish ritual circumcision]] procedure.		}}</ref> Periah is the name given to the second part of the [[Jewish circumcision\|Jewish ritual circumcision]] procedure.

	==Description==		==Description==
	Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a ''[[mohel]]''. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:		Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a ''[[mohel]]''. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal [[foreskin]] tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal		Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal [[foreskin]] tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	{{WikipediaQuote \|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_milah#Uncovering,_priah \|title=Uncovering, priah}}		{{WikipediaQuote \|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_milah#Uncovering,_priah \|title=Uncovering, priah}}

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	The main goal of "priah" (also known as "bris periah"), is to remove as much of the inner layer of the [[foreskin]] as possible and prevent the movement of the [[shaft skin]], what creates the look and function of what is known as a "[[Circumcision_methods#Low_.26_Tight\|low and tight]]" [[circumcision]].<ref name=":5">{{REFweb		The main goal of "priah" (also known as "bris periah"), is to remove as much of the inner layer of the [[foreskin]] as possible and prevent the movement of the [[shaft skin]], what creates the look and function of what is known as a "[[Circumcision_methods#Low_.26_Tight\|low and tight]]" [[circumcision]].<ref name=":5">{{REFweb
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	\|quote=the rabbis go on to dedicate all of chapter 19 to circumcision .. ''milah'', ''peri'ah'', and ''metsitsah''. This is the first text specifying peri'ah as an absolute requirement. The same chapter is where we first find mention of the warning that leaving even "shreds" of foreskin renders the procedure "invalid."		\|quote=the rabbis go on to dedicate all of chapter 19 to circumcision .. ''milah'', ''peri'ah'', and ''metsitsah''. This is the first text specifying peri'ah as an absolute requirement. The same chapter is where we first find mention of the warning that leaving even "shreds" of foreskin renders the procedure "invalid."
	\|note=Section 19.2 from Moed tractate Shabbat (Talmud) is quoted.		\|note=Section 19.2 from Moed tractate Shabbat (Talmud) is quoted.
	}}</ref> the 'priah' has been performed as part of the [[Jewish circumcision]] since the Israelites first inhabited the Land of Israel.<ref>{{REFbook		}}</ref> the 'priah' has been performed as part of the [[Jewish circumcision]] since the Israelites first inhabited the Land of [[Israel]].<ref>{{REFbook
	\|title=Talmud Bavli Tractate Yebamoth		\|title=Talmud Bavli Tractate Yebamoth
	\|chapter=71b		\|chapter=71b
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	When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the procedure adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:		When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the procedure adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the [[penis]], for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal		To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the [[penis]], for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal
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	And that is the way non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is still done today, essentially just as the rabbinate ordained in 140 A. D.		And that is the way non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is still done today, essentially just as the rabbinate ordained in 140 A. D.

	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}
	* [[Brit Milah]]		* [[Brit Milah]]
	* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]		* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
	* [[Pain]]		* [[Pain]]

	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}
	* {{REFweb		* {{REFweb
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	\|accessdate=2023-08-25		\|accessdate=2023-08-25
	}}		}}

	{{REF}}		{{REF}}


	[[Category:Body modification]]		[[Category:Body modification]]

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	}}		}}
	{{REF}}		{{REF}}


	[[Category:Body modification]]		[[Category:Body modification]]
	[[Category:Circumcision term]]		[[Category:Circumcision term]]
			[[Category:Education]]
			[[Category:History]]
	[[Category:Male circumcision]]		[[Category:Male circumcision]]
	[[Category:Jewish]]		[[Category:Jewish]]
	[[Category:Judaism]]		[[Category:Judaism]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]

WikiModEn2: Wikify.

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	Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a ''[[mohel]]''. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:		Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a ''[[mohel]]''. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal foreskin tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal		Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal [[foreskin]] tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal
	\|last=Peron		\|last=Peron
	\|init=JE		\|init=JE
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	The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times. The periah procedure is not mentioned in the Bible so there is no Biblical support for the procedure.		The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times. The periah procedure is not mentioned in the Bible so there is no Biblical support for the procedure.

	[[Frederick M. Hodges]], D. Phil., (2001) has provided a vivid description of the value that the Greeks placed on the [[foreskin\| prepuce]]. The Greeks valued the [[acroposthion\| longer tapered prepuce]]. Exposure of the [[glans penis]] in public was considered rude and unacceptable. Athletic events were carried out in the nude. The prepuce was frequently tied with a cord called the ''[[kynodesme]]'' to prevent inadvertent exposure of the glans penis.<ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal		[[Frederick M. Hodges]], D. Phil., (2001) has provided a vivid description of the value that the Greeks placed on the [[foreskin\| prepuce]]. The Greeks valued the [[acroposthion\| longer tapered prepuce]]. Exposure of the [[glans penis]] in public was considered rude and unacceptable. Athletic events were carried out in the nude. The [[prepuce]] was frequently tied with a cord called the ''[[kynodesme]]'' to prevent inadvertent exposure of the [[glans penis]].<ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal
	\|last=Hodges		\|last=Hodges
	\|first=		\|first=
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	The Jewish male, with his [[circumcised]] [[penis]] and exposed [[glans penis]], was placed in an impossible position. The answer was [[epispasm]].		The Jewish male, with his [[circumcised]] [[penis]] and exposed [[glans penis]], was placed in an impossible position. The answer was [[epispasm]].

	At that time, Jewish males were only given the original style of circumcision, which only removed the tip ([[acroposthion]]) of the [[foreskin]], so they were still substantially covered by foreskin.<ref name="peron2000" /> Minimal stretching ([[tissue expansion]]) could easily recover the [[glans penis]] and make the Jewish male appear as the Greek culture demanded.		At that time, Jewish males were only given the original style of [[Brit Milah\| circumcision]], which only removed the tip ([[acroposthion]]) of the [[foreskin]], so they were still substantially covered by foreskin.<ref name="peron2000" /> Minimal stretching ([[tissue expansion]]) could easily recover the [[glans penis]] and make the Jewish male appear as the Greek culture demanded.

	Hall (1992) reported that [[epispasm]] evidently was very popular with Jewish men and was practiced for several centuries. Hall believed that surgery was necessary, but that was not correct.<ref name="hall1992">{{REFjournal		Hall (1992) reported that [[epispasm]] evidently was very popular with Jewish men and was practiced for several centuries. Hall believed that surgery was necessary, but that was not correct.<ref name="hall1992">{{REFjournal
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	When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the procedure adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:		When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the procedure adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the penis, for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal		To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the [[penis]], for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal
	\|last=Spratling		\|last=Spratling
	\|init=EJ		\|init=EJ

WikiModEn2: /* Transfer to medical practice */ Revise text.

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	==Transfer to medical practice==		==Transfer to medical practice==

	When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the ~~practice~~ adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:		When medical doctors started to do [[circumcision]] in the Nineteenth Century, the procedure adopted was essentially the Jewish version with periah. According to [[E. J. Spratling]] (1895) who emphasized the importance of tissue destruction:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the penis, for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal		To obtain the best results one must cut away enough skin and mucous membrane to rather put it on the stretch when erections come later. There must be no play in the skin after the wound has thoroughly healed, but it must fit tightly over the penis, for should there be any play the patient will be found to readily resume his practice, not begrudging the time and extra energy required to produce the orgasm. It is true, however, that the longer it takes to have an orgasm, the less frequently it will be attempted, consequently the greater the benefit gained...<ref>{{REFjournal

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	}}</ref> It apparently reached peak popularity in the First Century C.E.		}}</ref> It apparently reached peak popularity in the First Century C.E.

	Epispasm did not sit well with the rabbinate. In about 140 C.E. ~~it was~~ decreed that periah would be added to the ritual circumcision of infant Jewish boys,<ref name="peron2000" /> <ref name="glick2005" /> however there is no Biblical authority for the periah procedure.		[[Epispasm]] did not sit well with the rabbinate. In about 140 C.E. the rabbinate decreed that periah would be added to the ritual circumcision of infant Jewish boys,<ref name="peron2000" /> <ref name="glick2005" /> however there is no Biblical authority for the periah procedure.

	As reported above, the function of periah was to remove as much [[foreskin]] tissue as possible to cause the maximum amount of tissue loss and [[trauma]], so as to make epispasm as difficult as possible.		As reported above, the function of periah was to remove as much [[foreskin]] tissue as possible to cause the maximum amount of tissue loss and [[trauma]], so as to make [[epispasm]] as difficult as possible.

	==Transfer to medical practice==		==Transfer to medical practice==

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	* [[Brit Milah]]		* [[Brit Milah]]
	* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]		* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
			* [[Pain]]
	{{LINKS}}		{{LINKS}}
	* {{REFweb		* {{REFweb

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	==History==		==History==
	The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times.		The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times. The periah procedure is not mentioned in the Bible so there is no Biblical support for the procedure.

	[[Frederick M. Hodges]], D. Phil., (2001) has provided a vivid description of the value that the Greeks placed on the [[foreskin\| prepuce]]. The Greeks valued the [[acroposthion\| longer tapered prepuce]]. Exposure of the [[glans penis]] in public was considered rude and unacceptable. Athletic events were carried out in the nude. The prepuce was frequently tied with a cord called the ''[[kynodesme]]'' to prevent inadvertent exposure of the glans penis.<ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal		[[Frederick M. Hodges]], D. Phil., (2001) has provided a vivid description of the value that the Greeks placed on the [[foreskin\| prepuce]]. The Greeks valued the [[acroposthion\| longer tapered prepuce]]. Exposure of the [[glans penis]] in public was considered rude and unacceptable. Athletic events were carried out in the nude. The prepuce was frequently tied with a cord called the ''[[kynodesme]]'' to prevent inadvertent exposure of the glans penis.<ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	And that is the way non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] ~~are~~ still done today, essentially just as the rabbinate ordained in 140 A. D.		And that is the way non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is still done today, essentially just as the rabbinate ordained in 140 A. D.
	{{SEEALSO}}		{{SEEALSO}}
	* [[Brit Milah]]		* [[Brit Milah]]

WikiModEn2: /* Description */

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Description

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	}}</ref> Periah is the name given to the second part of the [[Jewish circumcision\|Jewish ritual circumcision]] procedure.		}}</ref> Periah is the name given to the second part of the [[Jewish circumcision\|Jewish ritual circumcision]] procedure.
	==Description==		==Description==
	Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a [[mohel]]. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:		Jewish ritual circumcision is carried out by a specially trained religious official called a ''[[mohel]]''. The [[Preputial mucosa\| inner foreskin]] of an infant boy is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]]. [[James Peron]] (2000) reported:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal foreskin tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal		Periah consists of tearing and stripping back the remaining inner mucosal lining of the foreskin from the glans and then, by use of a sharp finger nail or implement, removing all of the inner mucosal tissue, including the excising and removal of the [[frenulum]] from the underside of the [[glans]]. The objective was to insure that no part of the remaining penile skin would rest against the glans corona. If any shreds of the mucosal foreskin tissue remained, or rejoined to the underside of the glans, the child was to be re-circumcised.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	==History==		==History==
	The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times.		The periah procedure was introduced in the Second Century by the rabbinate as a result of the conflict that occurred between Jewish and Greek culture in Biblical times.