Religion and culture - Revision history

WikiModEn2: /* Other religions */

2025-09-28T19:16:11Z

Other religions

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:16, 28 September 2025
Line 398:		Line 398:
	=== Other religions ===		=== Other religions ===

	~~No other religion is cited as encouraging~~ [[circumcision]], though many cultures practice it.~~{{citation needed}}~~		[[Judaism]] and [[Islam]] are the only religions that advocate [[circumcision]], though many cultures practice it.

	{{REF}}		{{REF}}

WikiModEn2: /* Islam */ Wikify.

2025-09-28T19:12:19Z

Islam: Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 28 September 2025
Line 345:		Line 345:
	\|publisher=Shangri-La		\|publisher=Shangri-La
	\|year=2001		\|year=2001
	}}</ref> The Muslim code of religious law (AKA Shariah) recommends performance of circumcision at the age of seven days. In practice, however, Muslim boys are [[circumcised]] at varying ages before puberty.<ref>{{REFbook		}}</ref> The Muslim code of religious law (AKA Shariah) recommends performance of circumcision at the age of seven days. In practice, however, Muslim boys are [[circumcised]] at varying ages before [[puberty]].<ref>{{REFbook
	\|last=Morgenstern		\|last=Morgenstern
	\|first=Julian		\|first=Julian

WikiModEn2: /* Judaism */

2025-07-18T17:29:53Z

Judaism

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 18 July 2025
Line 268:		Line 268:
	* Some Jewish parents are electing to have a non-cutting, harmless naming ceremony, frequently called "[[Brit Shalom]]" instead of a ritual circumcision.		* Some Jewish parents are electing to have a non-cutting, harmless naming ceremony, frequently called "[[Brit Shalom]]" instead of a ritual circumcision.
	* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”		* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”
	* Since many American Christians practice [[circumcision]], it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.~~<ref name="Britshalom"/>~~		* Since many American Christians practice [[circumcision]], it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.

	Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision. [[Brit Shalom]] offers an alternative free of cutting, [[pain]], and [[trauma]].		Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision. [[Brit Shalom]] offers an alternative free of cutting, [[pain]], and [[trauma]].

WikiModEn2: /* Islam */ Wikify.

2024-11-21T10:31:29Z

Islam: Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 21 November 2024
Line 329:		Line 329:
	=== Islam ===		=== Islam ===

	Although [[circumcision]] is never mentioned in the Qur'an, male circumcision is deeply rooted in the Muslim tradition. Muhammad is reported to have prescribed cutting the [[foreskin]] as a fitrah, a measure of personal cleanliness. Modern Muslims see circumcision as essential to their faith, although they have also come to lean on arguments of "medical benefits." A conference of Islamic scholars in 1987 stated that modern circumcision studies “[reflect] the wisdom of the Islamic statements”.<ref>{{GollaherDL 2000}}</ref>		Although [[circumcision]] is never mentioned in the Qur'an, male [[circumcision]] is deeply rooted in the Muslim tradition. Muhammad is reported to have prescribed cutting the [[foreskin]] as a fitrah, a measure of personal cleanliness. Modern Muslims see circumcision as essential to their faith, although they have also come to lean on arguments of "medical benefits." A conference of Islamic scholars in 1987 stated that modern circumcision studies “[reflect] the wisdom of the Islamic statements”.<ref>{{GollaherDL 2000}}</ref>

	The prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) is not [[circumcised]] in the Qur'an, or if he is, no mention is ever made in the 67 times that his name is written. A covenant sealed with circumcision is also never mentioned.<ref name="QuaranicPath">{{REFweb		The prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) is not [[circumcised]] in the Qur'an, or if he is, no mention is ever made in the 67 times that his name is written. A covenant sealed with circumcision is also never mentioned.<ref name="QuaranicPath">{{REFweb
Line 345:		Line 345:
	\|publisher=Shangri-La		\|publisher=Shangri-La
	\|year=2001		\|year=2001
	}}</ref> The Muslim code of religious law (AKA Shariah) recommends performance of circumcision at the age of seven days. In practice, however, Muslim boys are circumcised at varying ages before puberty.<ref>{{REFbook		}}</ref> The Muslim code of religious law (AKA Shariah) recommends performance of circumcision at the age of seven days. In practice, however, Muslim boys are [[circumcised]] at varying ages before puberty.<ref>{{REFbook
	\|last=Morgenstern		\|last=Morgenstern
	\|first=Julian		\|first=Julian
Line 388:		Line 388:
	[[Intact]] existence is actually favored by the Qur'an: "We have indeed created man in the 'best of moulds'." (Qur'an 95:4) The idea that Allah has created everything in perfection is repeated in 27:88, 32:7, and 40:64. "Allah is the One who made the Earth a habitat for you, and the sky as a structure, and He designed you, and has perfected your design." "You will not see any flaw in what the Lord of Mercy creates." (Qur'an 67:3)		[[Intact]] existence is actually favored by the Qur'an: "We have indeed created man in the 'best of moulds'." (Qur'an 95:4) The idea that Allah has created everything in perfection is repeated in 27:88, 32:7, and 40:64. "Allah is the One who made the Earth a habitat for you, and the sky as a structure, and He designed you, and has perfected your design." "You will not see any flaw in what the Lord of Mercy creates." (Qur'an 67:3)

	:''"Let there be no change in Allah's creation."'' (Qur'an 30:30) This verse specifically prohibits practices such as circumcision.		:''"Let there be no change in Allah's creation."'' (Qur'an 30:30) This verse specifically prohibits practices such as [[circumcision]].

	Finally, according to the Qur'an, [[circumcision]] may be seen as an act of evil: "(Satan said), 'I will lead them (mankind) astray and fill them with false hopes. I will command them and they will cut off cattle's ears. I will command them and they will change Allah's creation.' Anyone who takes Satan as his protector in place of Allah has clearly lost everything. He makes promises to them and fills them with false hopes. But what Satan promises them is nothing but delusion." (Qur'an 4:119-120) <ref name="QuaranicPath"/>		Finally, according to the Qur'an, [[circumcision]] may be seen as an act of evil: "(Satan said), 'I will lead them (mankind) astray and fill them with false hopes. I will command them and they will cut off cattle's ears. I will command them and they will change Allah's creation.' Anyone who takes Satan as his protector in place of Allah has clearly lost everything. He makes promises to them and fills them with false hopes. But what Satan promises them is nothing but delusion." (Qur'an 4:119-120) <ref name="QuaranicPath"/>

WikiModEn2: /* America */ Wikify.

2024-04-12T20:45:48Z

America: Wikify.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:45, 12 April 2024
Line 9:		Line 9:
	=== America ===		=== America ===

	Circumcision, particularly male infant non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] had become entrenched in [[United States of America\| American culture]], because of promotion by the [[Circumcision industry]], but now is in a declining pattern. Beginning in the Victorian period, men and children were [[circumcised]] to make [[masturbation]] difficult, because [[masturbation]] was seen as the root of many diseases. Circumcising newborn infants grew into a trend which peaked during the 60's and 70's. Movements to end circumcision began in the late 70's, so the incidence of genital intactness has increased significantly. Medicaid unlawfully provides [[third-party payment]] for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in many states<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal		Circumcision, particularly male infant non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] had become entrenched in [[United States of America\| American culture]], because of promotion by the [[Circumcision industry]], but now is in a declining pattern. Beginning in the Victorian period, men and children were [[circumcised]] to make [[masturbation]] difficult, because [[masturbation]] was seen as the root of many diseases. Circumcising newborn infants grew into a trend which peaked during the 60's and 70's. Movements to end circumcision began in the late 70's, so the incidence of genital [[intactness]] has increased significantly. Medicaid unlawfully provides [[third-party payment]] for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in many states<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal
	\|last=Adler		\|last=Adler
	\|first=Peter W.		\|first=Peter W.

WikiModEn2: /* Judaism */ Relocate paragraph.

2024-02-07T02:50:23Z

Judaism: Relocate paragraph.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:50, 7 February 2024
Line 258:		Line 258:
	:''"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh. (Lev. 19:28)''		:''"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh. (Lev. 19:28)''

	Halacha provides for the ceremony of hatifat dam berit (shedding of a token drop of blood) for babies who can not be [[circumcised]] due to health reasons. This is deemed to be completely valid in marking the Covenant. ~~<ref name="Britshalom">{{REFweb~~		Halacha provides for the ceremony of hatifat dam berit (shedding of a token drop of blood) for babies who can not be [[circumcised]] due to health reasons. This is deemed to be completely valid in marking the Covenant.
	~~\|url=http://www.jewsagainstcircumcision.org/~~
	~~\|title=Jews Against Circumcision, Brit Shalom~~
	~~}}</ref>~~

	Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision.<ref name="Britshalom"/>

	Further, being [[circumcised]] is not a condition of being Jewish. Girls do not need to be [[circumcised]] to receive the gifts of covenant, i.e., receiving bat-mitzva. A boy is considered to be Jewish if his mother is Jewish from the moment he is born. In fact:		Further, being [[circumcised]] is not a condition of being Jewish. Girls do not need to be [[circumcised]] to receive the gifts of covenant, i.e., receiving bat-mitzva. A boy is considered to be Jewish if his mother is Jewish from the moment he is born. In fact:
Line 274:		Line 269:
	* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”		* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”
	* Since many American Christians practice [[circumcision]], it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.<ref name="Britshalom"/>		* Since many American Christians practice [[circumcision]], it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.<ref name="Britshalom"/>

			Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision. [[Brit Shalom]] offers an alternative free of cutting, [[pain]], and [[trauma]].

	[[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making non-circumcision acceptable in American synagogues.		[[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making non-circumcision acceptable in American synagogues.

WikiModEn2: /* Judaism */

2024-02-07T02:28:12Z

Judaism

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 7 February 2024
Line 265:		Line 265:
	Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision.<ref name="Britshalom"/>		Modern Jewish scholars have found that [[circumcision]] is not even mentioned in the earliest, “J”, version of Genesis nor the next three rewrites by other authors. Most importantly, the story of Abraham is there in its entirety, except the part about the [[Abrahamic covenant\| Covenant]] being “sealed” with circumcision. So do not be afraid of divine punishment. God did not mandate circumcision.<ref name="Britshalom"/>

	Further, being [[circumcised]] is not a condition of being Jewish. Girls do not need to be circumcised to receive the gifts of covenant, i.e., receiving bat-mitzva. A boy is considered to be Jewish if his mother is Jewish from the moment he is born. In fact:		Further, being [[circumcised]] is not a condition of being Jewish. Girls do not need to be [[circumcised]] to receive the gifts of covenant, i.e., receiving bat-mitzva. A boy is considered to be Jewish if his mother is Jewish from the moment he is born. In fact:

	* A boy may be excused from [[circumcision]] permanently if his health would be endangered by it (for example, hemophilia).		* A boy may be excused from [[circumcision]] permanently if his health would be endangered by it (for example, hemophilia).
Line 273:		Line 273:
	* Some Jewish parents are electing to have a non-cutting, harmless naming ceremony, frequently called "[[Brit Shalom]]" instead of a ritual circumcision.		* Some Jewish parents are electing to have a non-cutting, harmless naming ceremony, frequently called "[[Brit Shalom]]" instead of a ritual circumcision.
	* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”		* Contrary to popular opinions, an [[intact]] boy may have a Bar Mitzvah. As one rabbi simply put it, “We don’t check.”
	* Since many American Christians practice circumcision, it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.<ref name="Britshalom"/>		* Since many American Christians practice [[circumcision]], it does not distinguish the Jewish boys from the non-Jewish.<ref name="Britshalom"/>

	[[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making non-circumcision acceptable in American synagogues.		[[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making non-circumcision acceptable in American synagogues.

WikiModEn2: /* United Kingdom */ Revise section.

2024-02-07T02:20:51Z

United Kingdom: Revise section.

@@ Line 202: / Line 202: @@
 ===United Kingdom===
-Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys was a practice in the [[United Kingdom]] prior to about 1948. The National Health Service did not offer non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys, so the practice was abandoned. Abandonment of non-therapeutic circumcision was encouraged by [[Douglas Gairdner]] whose landmark 1949 paper pointed out the lack of benefit and risks of non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> Dave et al. (2003) reported a declining prevalence of circumcision in Britain.<ref name="dave2003">{{REFjournal
+Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys was a practice in the [[United Kingdom]] prior to about 1948. The National Health Service did not then and does not now offer non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys,<ref name="nhschild">{{REFweb
   |last=Dave
   |first=Sangreta S.

WikiModEn2: /* Canada */ Relocate citation.

2024-02-07T01:05:03Z

Canada: Relocate citation.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 7 February 2024
Line 160:		Line 160:
	===Canada===		===Canada===

	The practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in [[Canada]] has been declining for decades. The [[medical trade association\| medical trade associations]] do not support the practice, most hospitals usually do not provide non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], and the fourteen health insurance plans do not pay for it. Statistics have not been collected since 2006, ~~so do not reflect the current reality.~~<ref>{{REFdocument		The practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in [[Canada]] has been declining for decades. The [[medical trade association\| medical trade associations]] do not support the practice, most hospitals usually do not provide non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], and the fourteen health insurance plans do not pay for it. Statistics have not been collected since 2006-7,<ref>{{REFdocument
	\|title=What Mothers Say: The Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey		\|title=What Mothers Say: The Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey
	\|url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/rhs-ssg/pdf/survey-eng.pdf		\|url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/rhs-ssg/pdf/survey-eng.pdf
Line 169:		Line 169:
	\|format=PDF		\|format=PDF
	\|date=2009		\|date=2009
	\|accessdate=~~2014~~-02-06		\|accessdate=2024-02-06
	}}</ref>. The incidence of circumcision varies widely by province and ethnicity, so it is difficult to produce a statistic for all-Canada. [[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in all provinces and territories.		}}</ref> so do not reflect the current reality.. The incidence of circumcision varies widely by province and ethnicity, so it is difficult to produce a statistic for all-Canada. [[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in all provinces and territories.

	===New Zealand===		===New Zealand===

WikiModEn2: /* Christianity */ Remove erroneous text.

2024-02-07T00:59:12Z

Christianity: Remove erroneous text.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:59, 7 February 2024
Line 269:		Line 269:
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	Circumcision is expressly forbidden to gentiles. Whereas Jews adhere to 613 laws and commandments, called "mitzvots" in Hebrew, Christians are supposed to be saved by the blood and grace of Christ, hence the name "Christ-ian." At various points in the New Testament<ref>The Holy Bible</ref>, Christians are told to either follow the law, or be saved by the grace of Christ alone.		Circumcision is expressly forbidden to gentiles. Whereas Jews adhere to 613 laws and commandments, called "mitzvots" in Hebrew, Christians are supposed to be saved by the blood and grace of Christ, hence the name ''"Christ-ian."'' At various points in the New Testament<ref>The Holy Bible</ref>, Christians are told to either follow the law, or be saved by the grace of Christ alone.

	:''"Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you be circumcised, Christ will be of no advantage to you." – Gal 5:2''		:''"Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you be circumcised, Christ will be of no advantage to you." – Gal 5:2''
Line 311:		Line 311:
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	The Christian Bible contains two sections. The first section, called the ''Old Testament'' was originally written in Hebrew. It was the Jewish Bible and contains passages that may favor circumcision. This requirement has been abolished for Christians by the New Testament. The second section, called the "New Testament", is the Christian addition to the Holy Bible. It contains the correct information for Christians. Some new or ill-informed Christians may be confused by the differences in the two sections.		The Christian Bible contains two sections. The first section, called the ''Old Testament'' was originally written in Hebrew. It was the Jewish Bible and contains passages that may favor [[Brit Milah\| circumcision]]. This requirement has been abolished for Christians by the New Testament.

	~~Circumcision is erroneously believed to be a good~~ "~~Christian value~~" ~~by Christians in different parts of the world~~, ~~including~~ the ~~[[United States]]{{citation needed}], South Korea{{citation needed}} and~~ the [[~~Tuli~~\| ~~Philippines~~]]~~{{citation needed}}~~.		The second section, called the "New Testament", is the Christian addition to the Holy Bible. [[Council at Jerusalem\| It contains the correct information for Christians]]. Some new or ill-informed Christians may be confused by the differences in the two sections.

	=== Islam ===		=== Islam ===