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Add Gunnar paper 1981
|accessdate=2019-12-05
}}</ref>
Gunnar ''et al''. (1981) studied the effect of circumcision of male infants on serum cortisol and behavior. The authors identified circumcision as "a potential traumatic event experienced by the majority of newborn males in this country (United States)." The authors reported that serum cortisol during unanesthetized circumcision rose to about four times the pre-circumcision level. Behavior paralleled the increase in cortisol. They reported that "neonatal circumcision is performed without anesthesia and it is clearly stressful for the infant.<ref name="gunnar1981">{{REFjournal
|last=Gunnar
|first=Megar R.
|author-link=
|last2=Fisch
|first2=Robert O.
|author2-link=
|last3=Korsvik
|first3=Sherry
|author3-link=
|last4=Donhowe
|first4=John M.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=The effects of circumcision on serum cortisol and behavior
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Psychoneuroendocrinology
|location=
|date=1981
|volume=6
|issue=3
|pages=269-75
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/gunnar/
|quote=
|pubmedID=7291435
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/0306-4530(81)90037-8
|accessdate=2019-12-06
}}</ref>
Marshall ''et al''. (1982) studied the effect of circumcision on mother-child interaction (primarily breastmilk substitute feeding behavior) in a hospital setting. They reported: "The experimental group exhibited fewer intervals of uninterrupted feeding than did the control group."<ref name="marshall1982">{{REFjournal
|last=Marshall
|first=RE
|author-link=
|last2=Porter
|first2=FL
|author2-link=
|last3=Rogers
|first3=AG
|author3-link=
|last4=Moore
|first4=J
|author4-link=
|last5=Anderson
|first5=B
|author5-link=
|last6=Boxerman
|first6=SB
|author6-link=
|etal=yes
|title= Circumcision: II effects upon mother-infant interaction
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=
|location=
|date=1982-12
|volume=7
|issue=4
|pages=367-74
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/marshall2/
|quote=
|pubmedID=7169032
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/0378-3782(82)90038-x
|accessdate=2019-12-06
}}</ref>
{{REF}}