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== Illegal consent ==
== Illegal consent ==
On the other hand, parents acting as representatives of their children cannot consent to operations that are not medically necessary. This is misunderstood by some parents. Especially in societies where the child's right to physical integrity is still often disregarded by medical staff in clinics and hospitals, since [[circumcision]] is very profitable, many parents believe that the doctors are not doing anything wrong. In addition, doctors often ask parents to consent to operations on their children that are not medically necessary. Most parents will not know that doctors have no legal right to request this proxy consent. Such consent to operations on children that are not medically necessary is invalid per se; the doctor and parents are liable to prosecution.
On the other hand, parents acting as representatives of their children cannot ethically consent to operations that are not medically necessary.<ref name="aap1995">{{REFjournal
|last=Bioethics Committee, American Academy of Pediatrics.
|first=
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Pediatrics
|location=
|date=1995-02
|volume=95
|issue=2
|pages=314-7
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/AAP/
|archived=
|quote=Such providers have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses.
|pubmedID=7838658
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2023-3-17
}}</ref> <ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal
|last=Myers
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=
|last2=Earp
|first2=
|init2=BD
|author2-link=Brian D. Earp
|etal=no
|title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2020-09
|volume=34
|issue=7
|pages=560-72
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bioe.12714
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=32068898
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/bioe.12714
|accessdate=2023-05-22
}}</ref>
* The latest stratagem to obtain consent is to send nurses into the room to ask the mother if she wants her newborn circumcised. This is done repeatedly, in hope of breaking a mother's will.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/press-release-having-a-baby-boy-get-ready-for-the-circumcision-sellers/
|title=Press Release: Having a Baby Boy? Get Ready for the Circumcision Sellers!
|last=Chapin
|first=Georganne
|init=
|author-link=Georganne Chapin
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2020-11-16
|accessdate=2023-05-22
}}</ref>  This is misunderstood by some parents. Especially in societies where the child's right to [[physical integrity]] is still often disregarded by medical staff in clinics and hospitals, since [[circumcision]] is very profitable, many parents believe that the doctors are not doing anything wrong. In addition, doctors often ask parents to consent to operations on their children that are not medically necessary. Most parents will not know that doctors have no legal right to request this surrogate consent. Such consent to operations on children that are not medically necessary is invalid per se; the doctor and parents are liable to prosecution.<ref name="adler2013">{{REFjournal
|last=Adler
|first=Peter W.
|init=PW
|author-link=Peter W. Adler
|title=Is circumcision legal?
|journal=Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
|date=2013
|volume=16
|issue=3
|pages=439-86
|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1265&context=jolpi
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-05-05
}}</ref>


{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Parental rights]]
* [[Parental rights]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
* [[UN Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[UN Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[Circumcision Is A Fraud: And The Coming Legal Reckoning]]
* [[Circumcision Is A Fraud: And The Coming Legal Reckoning]]
{{REF}}


[[Category:Medical ethics]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Parental information]]
[[Category:Parental information]]
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