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[[Image:Rebeca_Plank.jpg|right|thumb|Dr. Rebeca Plank and Dr. Barbara Bassil hold recently circumcised babies.]]
[[Image:Rebeca_Plank.jpg|right|thumb|Dr. Rebeca Plank and Dr. Barbara Bassil hold recently circumcised babies.]]
Dr. '''Rebeca Plank''' is a Harvard researcher who was involved in three studies, sponsored by the [https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Harvard School of Public Health] and [[Daniel Halperin]].
Dr. '''Rebeca M. Plank''' is a Harvard researcher who was involved in three studies, sponsored by the [https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Harvard School of Public Health] and [[Daniel Halperin]].


She was [http://www.aids.harvard.edu/news/spotlight/archives/v7i1_q&a_rebeca_plank.html interviewed] by Harvard's School of Public Health's [[AIDS]] Initiative Newsletter in 2010.
She was [http://www.aids.harvard.edu/news/spotlight/archives/v7i1_q&a_rebeca_plank.html interviewed] by Harvard's School of Public Health's [[AIDS]] Initiative Newsletter in 2010.
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  |ref=<ref>http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2013/10010/Author_s_Reply___A_Randomized_Trial_of_Mogen_Clamp.20.aspx</ref>
  |ref=<ref>http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2013/10010/Author_s_Reply___A_Randomized_Trial_of_Mogen_Clamp.20.aspx</ref>
}}
}}
[[PEPFAR]] has discontinued support of circumcision of boys under 15-years-old.
{{PUB}}
{{PUB}}
* {{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Plank
  |last=Plank
  |first=Rebeca M.
  |first=Rebeca M.
  |init=
  |init=RM
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Rebeca Plank
  |last2=Makhema
  |last2=Makhema
  |first2=Joseph
  |first2=Joseph
  |init2=
  |init2=J
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  |last3=Kebaabetswe
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  |first3=Poloko
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  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |title=Acceptability of infant male circumcision as part of HIV prevention and male reproductive health efforts in Gaborone, Botswana, and surrounding areas  
  |title=Acceptability of infant male circumcision as part of HIV prevention and male reproductive health efforts in Gaborone, Botswana, and surrounding areas  
|trans-title=
  |journal=AIDS Behav
|language=
  |journal= AIDS Behav
  |date=2010-10
  |date=2010-10
|season=
  |volume=14
  |volume=14
  |issue=5
  |issue=5
|article=
|page=
  |pages=1198-202
  |pages=1198-202
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894259/
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894259/
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=19924526
  |pubmedID=19924526
  |pubmedCID=2894259  
  |pubmedCID=2894259  
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  |init3=L
  |init3=L
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  |last4=
  |last4=Plank
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  |first4=Rebeca M.
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  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |title=Acceptability of male circumcision among adolescent boys and their parents, Botswana
  |title=Acceptability of male circumcision among adolescent boys and their parents, Botswana
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=AIDS Behav
  |journal=AIDS Behav
|location
|season=
  |volume=16
  |volume=16
  |issue=2
  |issue=2
  |date=2012-02
  |date=2012-02
|article=
|page=
  |pages=340-9
  |pages=340-9
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951752/
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951752/
|archived=
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  |pubmedID=21437725
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  |pubmedCID=3951752
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  |last=Plank
  |last=Plank
  |first=Rebeca M.
  |first=Rebeca M.
  |init=
  |init=RM
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Rebeca Plank
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  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |title=A randomized trial of Mogen clamp versus Plastibell for neonatal male circumcision in Botswana
  |title=A randomized trial of Mogen clamp versus Plastibell for neonatal male circumcision in Botswana
|trans-title=
  |journal=J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
|language=
  |journal= J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
|location=
  |date=2013-04-15
  |date=2013-04-15
|season=
  |volume=62
  |volume=62
  |issue=5
  |issue=5
|article=
|page=
  |pages=e131-7
  |pages=e131-7
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683122/
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683122/
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=23314413
  |pubmedID=23314413
  |pubmedCID=3683122  
  |pubmedCID=3683122  
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  |accessdate=2022-07-11
  |accessdate=2022-07-11
}}
}}
==Population-based studies==


September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection:
== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
 
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
 
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
 
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-05
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
  |last=Mayan
<blockquote>
  |first=Madhur
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
  |last=Garenne
  |first=Michael
  |init=M
  |init=M
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
|last2=Hamilton
|first2=Robert J.
|init2=RJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Juurlink
|first3=David N.
|init3=DN
|author3-link=
|last4=Austin
|first4=Peter C.
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Jarvi
|first5=Keith A.
|init5=KA
|author5-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
  |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
  |journal=J Urol
|trans-title=
  |date=2021-09-23
|language=
  |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
  |journal=J Biosoc Sci
  |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
|location=
  |pubmedID=34551593
  |date=2022-10-26
  |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|season=
  |accessdate=2021-10-02
|volume=
}}</ref>
|issue=
# [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
|article=
 
|page=
No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.
|pages=1-13
  |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
  |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
  |accessdate=2022-11-05
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
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[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:Author]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:USA]]


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