Judaism: Difference between revisions
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==Beliefs== | ==Beliefs== | ||
Judaism is characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions.<ref name="gaster" /> Rabbi Emeritus Kaughmann Kohler described Judaism as "the religion of joy, hope, and love."<ref name="kohler1906" /> | Judaism is characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions.<ref name="gaster" /> Rabbi Emeritus Kaughmann Kohler described Judaism as "the religion of joy, hope, and love."<ref name="kohler1906" /> | ||
==Symbol== | |||
The symbol of Judaism is the Star of David, which is a six-pointed star design.<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://symbolsarchive.com/star-of-david-symbol-history-meaning/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|title=Star Of David Symbol – History And Meaning | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language= | |||
|last=Rogador | |||
|first=Christine | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=Symbols Archive | |||
|website= | |||
|date=2021-05-30 | |||
|accessdate=2022-05-01 | |||
|quote= | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Religious officials== | ==Religious officials== | ||
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}}</ref> while [[Mohel| mohels]] carry out the ritual circumcision called [[Brit Milah]] in accordance with the Abrahamic covenant. | }}</ref> while [[Mohel| mohels]] carry out the ritual circumcision called [[Brit Milah]] in accordance with the Abrahamic covenant. | ||
==Controversial practice== | ==Controversial practice== | ||
Judaism has historically held a belief in the so-called [[Abrahamic covenant]] which purports to require that every newborn boy be [[Jewish circumcision|circumcised on the eighth day of life]].<ref name="hirsch1906">{{REFjournal | Judaism has historically held a belief in the so-called [[Abrahamic covenant]] which purports to require that every newborn boy be [[Jewish circumcision|circumcised on the eighth day of life]].<ref name="hirsch1906">{{REFjournal | ||
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|quote= | |quote= | ||
|accessdate=2022-05-04 | |accessdate=2022-05-04 | ||
}}</ref> This has now become controversial, because of [[Circumcision risks| surgical risks]], because of the certain intense [[pain]] suffered by the boy, because of the certain lifetime loss of [[foreskin#Physiological_functions| foreskin function]], and because of the violation of the child's [[human rights]]. | }}</ref> This has now become controversial, because of [[Circumcision risks| surgical risks]], because of the certain intense [[pain]] and [[trauma]] suffered by the boy, because of the certain lifetime loss of [[foreskin#Physiological_functions| foreskin function]], and because of the violation of the child's [[human rights]]. | ||
==Questioning circumcision== | ==Questioning circumcision== | ||
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Hirsch et al. (1906) state, "An uncircumcised Jew is a full Jew by birth.<ref name="hirsch1906" /> | Hirsch et al. (1906) state, "An uncircumcised Jew is a full Jew by birth.<ref name="hirsch1906" /> | ||
[[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making non-circumcision acceptable in American synagogues. | Wine (1988) argued that the medical aspects (surgical excision of functional penile tissue) should be separated from the naming ceremony.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://sherwinwine.com/bibliography/ | |||
|title=Bibliography | |||
|last=Wine | |||
|first= | |||
|init=ST | |||
|author-link=Sherwin T. Wine | |||
|publisher=Sherwin T. Wine | |||
|date=2022 | |||
|accessdate=2024-02-11 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
There appears to be increasing sentiment for reform of ritual circumcision practice with several organizations, such as [[Society for Humanistic Judaism]], [[Association of Humanistic Rabbis]], and [[Ritualwell]] proposing changes. [[Bruchim]] was founded in 2021 by [[Lisa Braver Moss]] and [[Rebecca Wald]] with a goal of making [[Foreskinned| non-circumcision]] acceptable in American synagogues. | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Beyond the Bris]] | * [[Beyond the Bris]] | ||
* [[Circumcision and violence]] | |||
* [[Jewish medical ethics]] | * [[Jewish medical ethics]] | ||
* [[Jews Against Circumcision (J.A.C.)]] | * [[Jews Against Circumcision (J.A.C.)]] | ||
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]] | * [[Metzitzah b'peh]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* [[Moshe Rothenberg]]. [https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/Rothenberg.pdf Ending Circumcision In the Jewish Community?] Presented at The Second International Symposium on Circumcision, San Francisco, California, April 30-May 3, 1991. | |||
* {{REFjournal | * {{REFjournal | ||
|last=Goodman | |last=Goodman | ||
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|date= | |date= | ||
|accessdate=2022-05-04 | |accessdate=2022-05-04 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.jewfaq.org/ | |||
|title=Judaism 101 | |||
|last=Rich | |||
|first=Tracy | |||
|init= | |||
|publisher=Tracy R. Rich | |||
|date=1995 | |||
|accessdate=2024-02-12 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ABBR}} | {{ABBR}} | ||
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[[Category:History]] | [[Category:History]] | ||
[[Category:Rabbi]] | [[Category:Rabbi]] | ||
[[Category:Antisemitism]] | |||
[[de:Judentum]] | [[de:Judentum]] | ||