Changes

The '''Fifth International Symposium''' convened at the [http://www.ox.ac.uk/ {{UNI|University of Oxford]|Oxon}}, Oxford, England, United Kingdom on August 5-7, August 1998.

==Proceedings===== Section 1. Keynote Address ===* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_1 Evolutionary Cultural Ethics and Circumcision of Children]: — N. Toubia

=== Section 12. Keynote AddressThe Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology of the Human Prepuce ===* [https://www.coloradonocirc.org/files/handouts/Anatomy_and_Physiology.pdf Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Penis] : — S. Scott* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_3 Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates: Evolutionary Cultural Ethics Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of the External Genitalia]: — C. J. Cold and Circumcision [[Ken McGrath|K. A. McGrath]]* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&ots=wANGDtjbEh&sig=7jojvzTJetGcxP7S8Qz2OaXYpFw#v=onepage&q&f=false Significance and Function of ChildrenPreputial Langerhans Cells] : — NG. L. ToubiaWilliams

=== Section 23. Current Research on Circumcision and Phimosis ===* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA37&ots=wANGDtk4zk&sig=uqGUAkePGUNJP471GN_FcTOnWg8#v=onepage&q&f=false The Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology History of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Human PrepucePresent] Anatomy : — [[Frederick M. Hodges|F. M. Hodges]]* Diagnosis and Physiology Treatment of the Human PenisPhimosis : — S. ScottC. Donnell Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_7 Anaesthesia for Circumcision: Evolutionary Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue A Review of the External GenitaliaLiterature] : — C[[Robert S. JVan Howe|R. Cold and KS. Van Howe]]* [https://link.springer. Acom/chapter/10. McGrath Significance 1007/978-0-585-39937-9_8 Neonatal Circumcision and Function of Preputial Langerhans CellsHIV Infection] : — G[[Robert S. LVan Howe|R. S. WilliamsVan Howe]]

=== Section 34. Current Research on Circumcision Genital Mutilation: Religious and PhimosisCultural Considerations === The History * Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands of Phimosis from Antiquity to the PresentClergy: Religious Arguments about Male and Female Circumcision : — F[[Sami Aldeeb|S. MA. HodgesAldeeb Abu-Sahlich]] Diagnosis * Evangelical Christianity and Treatment of PhimosisIts Relation to Infant Male Circumcision : — S[[Jim Bigelow|J. CD. DonnellBigelow]] Anaesthesia for * [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA179&ots=GA2LgxOJFe&sig=J1NIElSagB7I9Dj5jC05K_v3Cy4#v=onepage&q&f=false A Jewish Perspective on Circumcision]: A Review — [[Jenny Goodman|J. Goodman]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_12 Circumcision: An African Point of the LiteratureView] : — RG. SB. Van HoweTangwa Neonatal Circumcision * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_13 Unifying Language: Religious and HIV InfectionCultural Considerations] : — RJ. SP. Van HoweBaker

=== Section 45. Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation===* [https: Religious and Cultural Considerations Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands //link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_14 Motivations for Modifications of the ClergyHuman Body]: Religious Arguments about Male and Femle — G. Zwang* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_15 Psychoanalysis of Circumcision] : — SM. Tractenberg* [https://link.springer. Acom/chapter/10. Aldeeb Abu1007/978-0-585-39937- Sahlich9_16 Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures]: — J. Menage Evangelical Christianity and Its Relation to Infant Male * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_17 Tyranny of the Victims: An Analysis of CircumcisionAdvocacy] : — J[[George C. Denniston|G. DC. BigelowDenniston]] * Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilated/At-Risk Girls in Italy: A Jewish Perspective on CircumcisionBioethical Focus : — J[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo|P. Grassivaro Gallo]], L. Araldi, [[Franco Viviani|F. Viviani]], and R. GoodmanGaddini * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_19 Circumcisionin America in 1998: An African Point Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of ViewAmerican Physicians] : — G[[Christopher Fletcher|C. R. Fletcher]]* Facing Circumcision: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories: — [[Betty Katz Sperlich|B. TangwaKatz Sperlich]] and [[Mary Conant|M. Conant]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_21 Neonatal Circumcision from a Primal Health Research Perspective] Unifying Language: Religious — M. Odent* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_22 Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and Cultural ConsiderationsCulture] : — J. P. BakerZoske

=== Section 56. Psychological Aspects Foreskin Restoration: Historical and Contemporary Considerations ===* [http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/schultheiss/ The History of Genital MutilationForeskin Restoration]: — D. Schultheiss* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_24 Current Practices in Foreskin Restoration: The State of Affairs in the United States, and Results of a Survey of Restoring Men]: — R. W. Griffiths* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_25 Foreskin Restoration (Circumcision Reversal)]: — [[John Warren|J. P. Warren]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_26 The Man Behind Restoration]: — M. M. Lander

Motivations === Section 7. The World-Wide Campaign to End Genital Mutilation ===* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_27 A Comprehensive Approach for Modifications of the Human BodyCommunication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt] : — G[[Sami Aldeeb|S. ZwangAbd el Salam]] Psychoanalysis * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_28 The History of Circumcisionin the United States: A Physician’s Perspective] : — [[Morris L. Sorrells|M. Tractenberg Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures — JL. MenageSorrells]] Tyranny of the Victims* [https: An Analysis of Circumcision Advocacy — G//link.springer. Ccom/chapter/10. Denniston Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilated1007/At978-0-585-Risk Girls 39937-9_29 Genital Mutilation in ItalyIreland: A Bioethical FocusPublic Health and Human Rights Report] : — PL. Grassivaro Gallo, LMassie* [https://link. Araldi, Fspringer. Viviani, and Rcom/chapter/10. Gaddini 1007/978-0-585-39937-9_30 Challenges to Circumcision in America in 1998Israel: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of American PhysiciansThe Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation] : — CA. Zoossmann-Diskin and R. FletcherBlustein Facing Circumcision* {https: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories — B//link.springer. Katz Sperlich and Mcom/chapter/10. Conant1007/978-0-585-39937-9_31 Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision-Related Information] Neonatal from a Primal Health Research Perspective : — M. Odent Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and Culture — JM. ZoskeSarkis

=== Section 68. Foreskin RestorationCurrent Problems in Medical Publications ===* [https: Historical and Contemporary Considerations The History of Foreskin Restoration — D//link.springer.com/chapter/10. Schultheiss Current Practices 1007/978-0-585-39937-9_32 Peer-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in Foreskin RestorationAmerican Medical Publishing: The State of Affairs in Subverting the United States, and Results of a Survey of Restoring MenDominant Paradigm] : — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. WS. GriffithsVan Howe]] Foreskin Restoration (* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA379&ots=GA2KpzMECk&sig=jFqDYQhV0sqAWil6LDZWXnQdJO8#v=onepage&q&f=false An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision Reversal)in American Medical Literature] : — J[[Paul M. Fleiss|P. WarrenM. Fleiss]] * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_34 Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Man Behind RestorationRole of an Editor] : — MH. MN. LanderWhitfield

=== Section 79. The World-Wide Campaign to End Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation=== A Comprehensive Approach for Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt — S. Abd el Salam The History of Circumcision in the United States* [https: A Physician’s Perspective — M//link. Lspringer. Sorrells Genital Mutilation in Ireland: A Public Health and Human Rights Report — Lcom/chapter/10. Massie Challenges to Circumcision in Israel: The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation — A. Zoossmann1007/978-0-Diskin and R. Blustein Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision585-Related Information — M. M. Sarkis  Section 8. Current Problems in Medical Publications Peer39937-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Publishing: Subverting the Dominant Paradigm — R. S. Van Howe An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature — P. M. Fleiss Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Role of an Editor — H. N. Whitfield  Section 9. Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation 9_35 Circumcision and Virtue Ethics] : — M. M. Lander * [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA413&ots=GA2LgBUCIe&sig=0YCdCJNO5bfwL643sEza2bE7dBw#v=onepage&q&f=false Respect in the Context of Infant Male Circumcisiion: Can Ethics and Law Provide Insights?] : — [[Margaret A. Somerville|M. A. Somerville]] * [http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/price2/ Male Non-Therapeutic Circumcision: The Legal and Ethical Issues] : — C. Price * [https://arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Svoboda-Attaining-International-Acknowledgement-of-Male-Genital-Mutilation-as-a-Human-Rights-Violation-Denniston-Hodges-Milos-Male-and-Female-Circumcision-bk-1999.pdf Attaining International Acknowledgment of Male Genital Mutilation as a Human Rights Violation, and a Written Intervention] : — [[J. Steven Svoboda|J. S. Svoboda]] * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_39 Some Thoughts on Legal Remedies] : — [[David J. Llewellyn|D. J. Llewellyn]] * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_40 The Doctor as Expert Witness in United States Courts] : — [[James L. Snyder|J. L. Snyder]] * [[MEdia:1998-08-07-The_Oxford_Declaration.pdf|The Oxford Declaration: A Call for the Prohibition of the Genital Mutilatiion Mutilation of Children]] : — C. [[Charles A. Bonner]]

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