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{| class="infobox vcard" style="190px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"
{| class="infobox vcard" style="190px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"
|-  
|-  
| align="right" | [[Image:Pierre Crouse.jpg|right|thumb|Pierre Crouse]]
| align="right" | [[Image:Pierre Crouse.jpg|190px]]
|-
| align="center" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
|-
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Colleagues & Benefactors:'''
| align="center" | '''Colleagues & Benefactors:'''
|-
|-
| align="center" | <br>[[Neil Pollock]]<br>[[Murray Katz]]
| align="center" | [[Neil Pollock]]<br>[[Murray Katz]]
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|}
|}


'''Pierre Crouse''' is a Canadian physician centered in Calgary, Alberta. One of his main practices is infant circumcision, he has a website<ref>{{REFweb
'''Pierre Crouse''' is a Canadian physician centered in Calgary, Alberta, [[Canada]]. One of his main practices is non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]], he has a website<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928165451/https://www.intramed.ca/circumcision/
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 28: Line 31:
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
The [[Canadian Urological Association]] says "neonatal circumcision cannot be justified based
on the current evidence available."<ref name="cua2018">{{REFjournal
|last=Dave
|first=Sumit
|init=S
|author-link=
|last2=Afshar
|first2=Kourash
|init2=K
|author2-link=
|last3=Braga
|first3=Luis
|init3=L
|author3-link=
|last4=Anderson
|first4=Peter
|init4=P
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version)
|journal=Can Urol Assoc J
|location=
|date=2018-02
|volume=12
|issue=2
|pages=E76-99
|url=http://www.cua.org/themes/web/assets/files/5033_foreskin_guideline_longversion.pdf
|pubmedID=29381458
|pubmedCID=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5937400/
|DOI=/10.5489/cuaj.5033
|accessdate=2020-07-07
}}</ref>


== Crouse and Pollock websites are nearly identical ==
== Crouse and Pollock websites are nearly identical ==
Line 33: Line 69:
Crouse's website is a near mirror-image of that of [[Neil Pollock]]'s. Some of the diagram images he uses are exactly the same, and some of the statements are repeated verbatim. Like Pollock, Crouse espouses the [[Mogen]] technique,<ref>{{REFweb
Crouse's website is a near mirror-image of that of [[Neil Pollock]]'s. Some of the diagram images he uses are exactly the same, and some of the statements are repeated verbatim. Like Pollock, Crouse espouses the [[Mogen]] technique,<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=At Intramed, Dr. Crouse performs the Mogen circumcision technique.
  |quote=At Intramed, Dr. Crouse performs the Mogen circumcision technique.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023627/http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
  |title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
  |title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 42: Line 78:
}}</ref> and he advertises it as "new, safe, and virtually painless",<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> and he advertises it as "new, safe, and virtually painless",<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=Learn more about the Mogen Circumcision Technique, a new, safe and virtually painless procedure performed in less than a minute.
  |quote=Learn more about the Mogen Circumcision Technique, a new, safe and virtually painless procedure performed in less than a minute.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928165451/https://www.intramed.ca/circumcision/
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 51: Line 87:
}}</ref> as well being "quick, [with] minimal discomfort, and virtually bloodless."<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> as well being "quick, [with] minimal discomfort, and virtually bloodless."<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=Quick, Minimal Discomfort, Virtually Bloodless
  |quote=Quick, Minimal Discomfort, Virtually Bloodless
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928165451/https://www.intramed.ca/circumcision/
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 60: Line 96:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Except for a few changes in wording, Pollock and Crouse's "Parents' Guide to Circumcision" pages are nearly identical, advertizing the [[Mogen]] technique as taking less than a minute, and advertizing identical pain control methods of Tylenol, sugar, and a local anaesthetic injection.<ref>{{REFweb
Except for a few changes in wording, Pollock and Crouse's "Parents' Guide to Circumcision" pages are nearly identical, advertizing the [[Mogen]] technique as taking less than a minute, and advertising identical [[pain]] control methods of Tylenol, sugar, and a local anaesthetic injection.<ref name="LessThan1Minute">{{REFweb
  |quote=Our procedure takes less than 1 minute. (many times faster than most hospital  circumcisions) We use extensive pain control methods including Tylenol, a sugar solution (to reduce pain perception), topical freezing and a local anesthetic injection.
  |quote=Our procedure takes less than 1 minute. (many times faster than most hospital  circumcisions) We use extensive pain control methods including Tylenol, a sugar solution (to reduce pain perception), topical freezing and a local anesthetic injection.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023627/http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
  |title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
  |title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 71: Line 107:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Pollock and Crouse's "Parents' Guide to Circumcision" pages can be compared [http://www.pollockclinics.com/circumcision/circumcision-guide.html here] and [http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm here]. (Pages last viewed on May 4th, 2011)
Pollock and Crouse's "Parents' Guide to Circumcision" pages can be compared [http://www.pollockclinics.com/circumcision/circumcision-guide.html here] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023627/http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm here].


== Misleading Information ==
== Misleading information ==


Like Neil Pollock, the information that Pierre Crouse dispenses is misleading, it conflicts with information provided on his own website, or it is simply not true.
Like Neil Pollock, the information that Pierre Crouse dispenses is misleading, it conflicts with information provided on his own website, or it is simply not true.


=== "Virtually Bloodless" ===
=== "Virtually bloodless" ===


"Virtually Bloodless" appears in Pierre Crouse's website exactly as it does on Neil Pollock's, and just the same, information on blood control can be found on other parts of Crouse's website.<ref>{{REFweb
"Virtually bloodless" appears in Pierre Crouse's website exactly as it does on Neil Pollock's, and just the same, information on blood control can be found on other parts of Crouse's website.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=First, the cut edge seals and the bleeding ceases within minutes, hours, or even over the course of an entire day.
  |quote=First, the cut edge seals and the [[bleeding]] ceases within minutes, hours, or even over the course of an entire day.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/after.htm
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023158/http://circumcisioncalgary.ca/after.htm
  |title=After the Circumcision
  |title=After the Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 87: Line 123:
  |publisher=Intramed
  |publisher=Intramed
  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
  |accessdate=2020-03-19
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=A small amount of bleeding is normal.A small amount of bleeding is normal.
  |quote=A small amount of [[bleeding]] is normal.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/questions.htm
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023644/http://circumcisioncalgary.ca/questions.htm
  |title=Frequently asked questions
  |title=Frequently asked questions
  |last=
  |last=
Line 96: Line 132:
  |publisher=Intramed
  |publisher=Intramed
  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
  |accessdate=2020-03-19
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


=== "Virtually Painless" ===
=== "Virtually painless" ===


Like Neil Pollock, Pierre Crouse promises the [[Mogen]] technique, along with his pain control methods to be "painless," affirming his customers with his surgical and anaesthesia background.<ref>{{REFweb
Like [[Neil Pollock]], Pierre Crouse promises the [[Mogen]] technique,<ref name="kaweblum1984">{{REFjournal
|last=Kaweblum
|first=Yosef
|init=Y
|author-link=
|last2=Press
|first2=Shirley
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|last3=Kogan
|first3=Leib
|init3=L
|author3-link=
|title=Circumcision using the mogen clamp
|journal=Clin Pediatr
|location=PA
|date=1984-12
|volume=23
|issue=
|pages=679-82
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/mogen/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=6499347
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1177/000992288402301204
|accessdate=2020-08-06
}}</ref> along with his [[pain]] control methods to be "painless," affirming his customers with his surgical and anaesthesia background.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=With his surgical and anesthesia background he is convinced that the Mogen circumcision technique with 4 steps pain control protocol is the most effective and painless method available.
  |quote=With his surgical and anesthesia background he is convinced that the Mogen circumcision technique with 4 steps pain control protocol is the most effective and painless method available.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/about.htm
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325024321/http://circumcisioncalgary.ca/about.htm
  |title=About Dr. Crouse
  |title=About Dr. Crouse
  |last=
  |last=
Line 110: Line 173:
  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
  |accessdate=2011-05-04
}}</ref> As Pollock, Pierre Crouse announces that the pain control methods used are Tylenol, sugar, a topical cream, and a local anaesthetic injection.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> As Pollock, Pierre Crouse announces that the [[pain]] control methods used are Tylenol, sugar, a topical cream, and a local anaesthetic injection.<ref name="LessThan1Minute"/> The topical anaesthetic only serves to numb the area to lessen the pain of the injection, but studies have shown that a dorsal penile ring block is not always effective in stopping the [[Pain| pain of circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|quote=Our procedure takes less than 1 minute. (many times faster than most hospital  circumcisions) We use extensive pain control methods including Tylenol, a sugar solution (to reduce pain perception), topical freezing and a local anesthetic injection.
|url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
|title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
|last=
|first=
|publisher=Intramed
|date=
|accessdate=2011-05-04
}}</ref> The topical anaesthetic only serves to numb the area to lessen the pain of the injection, but studies have shown that a dorsal penile ring block is not always effective in stopping the pain of circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Taeusch
  |last=Taeusch
  |first=H. William
  |first=H. William
|init=HW
|last2=Martinez
  |first2=Alma M.
  |first2=Alma M.
  |last2=Martinez
  |init2=AM
|last3=Partridge
  |first3=J. Colin
  |first3=J. Colin
  |last3=Partridge
  |init3=JC
|last4=Sniderman
  |first4=Susan
  |first4=Susan
  |last4=Sniderman
  |init4=S
|last5=Armstrong-Wells
  |first5=Jennifer
  |first5=Jennifer
  |last5=Armstrong-Wells
  |init5=J
|last6=Fuentes-Afflick
  |first6=Elena
  |first6=Elena
  |last6=Fuentes-Afflick
  |init6=E
  |title=Pain During Mogen or PlastiBell Circumcision
  |title=Pain During Mogen or Plastibell Circumcision
  |journal=Journal of Perinatology
  |journal=Journal of Perinatology
  |volume=22
  |volume=22
Line 142: Line 202:
  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
  |DOI=
  |DOI=
  |date=April/May 2002
  |date=2002-04
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref><ref name='Clinical Pediatrics August 1986'>{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref name='Clinical Pediatrics August 1986'>{{REFjournal
  |last=Williamson
  |last=Williamson
  |first=Paul S.
  |first=Paul S.
|init=PS
|last2=Evans
  |first2=Nolan Donovan
  |first2=Nolan Donovan
  |last2=Evans
  |init2=ND
  |title=Neonatal Cortisol Response to Circumcision with Anesthesia
  |title=Neonatal Cortisol Response to Circumcision with Anesthesia
  |journal=Clinical Pediatrics
  |journal=Clinical Pediatrics
Line 159: Line 221:
  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
  |DOI=
  |DOI=
  |date=August 1986
  |date=1986-08
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> During the circumcision, the child is given sugar to "reduce his pain perceptions", but in at least one study, data shows that giving sugar to a child doesn't help to reduce the perception of pain in the child.<ref name='Lancet, The 2010-10-09'>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> During the circumcision, the child is given sugar to "reduce his pain perceptions", but in at least one study, data shows that giving sugar to a child doesn't help to reduce the perception of pain in the child.<ref name='Lancet, The 2010-10-09'>{{REFjournal
  |last=Slater
  |last=Slater
  |first=Rebeccah
  |first=Rebeccah
|init=R
|last2=Cornelissen
  |first2=Laura
  |first2=Laura
  |last2=Cornelissen
  |init2=L
|last3=Fabrizi
  |first3=Lorenzo
  |first3=Lorenzo
  |last3=Fabrizi
  |init3=L
|last4=Patten
  |first4=Debbie
  |first4=Debbie
  |last4=Patten
  |init4=D
|last5=Yoxen
  |first5=Jan
  |first5=Jan
  |last5=Yoxen
  |init5=J
|last6=Worley
  |first6=Alan
  |first6=Alan
  |last6=Worley
  |init6=A
|last7=Boyd
  |first7=Stewart
  |first7=Stewart
  |last7=Boyd
  |init7=S
|last8=Meek
  |first8=Judith
  |first8=Judith
  |last8=Meek
  |init8=J
|last9=Fitzgerald
  |first9=Prof. Maria
  |first9=Prof. Maria
  |last9=Fitzgerald
  |init9=M
  |title=Oral sucrose as an analgesic drug for procedural pain in newborn infants: a randomised controlled trial
  |title=Oral sucrose as an analgesic drug for procedural pain in newborn infants: a randomised controlled trial
  |journal=the Lancet
  |journal=the Lancet
Line 193: Line 264:
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> Post-operative pain and the pain the child must endure during recovery is hardly, if ever, addressed.
}}</ref> Post-operative pain and the pain the child must endure during recovery is hardly, if ever, addressed.
Circumcision [[pain]] actually is severe and traumatic.


=== "Under one minute" ===
=== "Under one minute" ===


In a manner similar to Neil Pollock, Pierre Crouse promises a circumcision procedure that takes "under one minute,"<ref>{{REFweb
In a manner similar to Neil Pollock, Pierre Crouse promises a circumcision procedure that takes "under one minute,"<ref name="LessThan1Minute"/> but this doesn't take into account the fact that the child must first have topical anaesthetic applied, and then be given the dorsal penile ring block for which there is a 10 minute waiting period for the injection to take effect.
|quote=Our procedure takes less than 1 minute. (many times faster than most hospital  circumcisions) We use extensive pain control methods including Tylenol, a sugar solution (to reduce pain perception), topical freezing and a local anesthetic injection.
|url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/more.htm
|title=Parents’ guide to Circumcision
|last=
|first=
|publisher=Intramed
|date=
|accessdate=2011-05-04
}}</ref> but this doesn't take into account the fact that the child must first have topical anaesthetic applied, and then be given the dorsal penile ring block for which there is a 10 minute waiting period for the injection to take effect.


=== "A New Technique" ===
=== "A new technique" ===


As Neil Pollock, Pierre Crouse sells the [[Mogen]] circumcision technique as a new and recent development.<ref>{{REFweb
As Neil Pollock, Pierre Crouse sells the [[Mogen]] circumcision technique as a new and recent development.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=Learn more about the Mogen Circumcision Technique, a new, safe and virtually painless procedure performed in less than a minute.
  |quote=Learn more about the Mogen Circumcision Technique, a new, safe and virtually painless procedure performed in less than a minute.
  |url=http://www.circumcisioncalgary.ca/
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928165451/https://www.intramed.ca/circumcision/
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |title=Intramed Medical Centre - Infant Circumcision
  |last=
  |last=
Line 250: Line 314:
==== What Crouse may not tell parents about Mogen ====
==== What Crouse may not tell parents about Mogen ====


Pollock and Crouse peddle the [[Mogen]] technique, but what they may not tell parents is that the Mogen clamp has been notorious for glans amputations, even among experienced conductors of circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
Pollock and Crouse peddle the [[Mogen]] technique, but what they may not tell parents is that the Mogen clamp has been notorious for [[glans]] amputations, even among experienced conductors of [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Taeusch
  |last=Taeusch
  |first=H. William
  |first=H. William
|init=HW
|last2=Martinez
  |first2=Alma M.
  |first2=Alma M.
  |last2=Martinez
  |init2=AM
|last3=Partridge
  |first3=J. Colin
  |first3=J. Colin
  |last3=Partridge
  |init3=JC
|last4=Sniderman
  |first4=Susan
  |first4=Susan
  |last4=Sniderman
  |init4=S
|last5=Armstrong-Wells
  |first5=Jennifer
  |first5=Jennifer
  |last5=Armstrong-Wells
  |init5=J
|last6=Fuentes-Afflick
  |first6=Elena
  |first6=Elena
  |last6=Fuentes-Afflick
  |init6=E
  |title=Pain During Mogen or PlastiBell Circumcision
  |title=Pain During Mogen or Plastibell Circumcision
  |journal=Journal of Perinatology
  |journal=Journal of Perinatology
  |volume=22
  |volume=22
Line 270: Line 340:
  |url=http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v22/n3/full/7210653a.html
  |url=http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v22/n3/full/7210653a.html
  |quote=...approximately 10% of the glans of a newborn was amputated (it was reattached surgically) during a Mogen circumcision carried out by two of our most experienced physicians.
  |quote=...approximately 10% of the glans of a newborn was amputated (it was reattached surgically) during a Mogen circumcision carried out by two of our most experienced physicians.
|pubmedID=
}}</ref> Mogen went out of business<ref name="tagami2011">{{REFnews
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|date=April/May 2002
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> Mogen went out of business<ref>{{REFnews
  |last=Tagami
  |last=Tagami
  |first=Ty
  |first=Ty
Line 284: Line 349:
  |date=2010-07-19
  |date=2010-07-19
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
  |accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> after losing a 10.8 million dollar law suit,<ref>{{REFnews
}}</ref> after losing a 10.8 million dollar law suit,<ref name="tagami2011"/> after a ''mohel''<ref name="tagami2011"/>
|last=Tagami
severed the end of a baby's glans <ref name="tagami2011"/> using one of their clamps. Mogen claimed that injury was impossible with its use.<ref name="tagami2011"/> The injury behind a prior lawsuit in [https://www.fultoncourt.org/ Fulton County Superior Court] had already put Mogen on notice about the danger of the device.<ref name="tagami2011"/> In a different case, at [https://www.yellowpages.com/atlanta-ga/mip/south-fulton-medical-center-482596089 South Fulton Medical Center], another law suit was won against Mogen in 2009.<ref name="tagami2011"/> In that case, a child lost a third of his glans, and the plaintiffs were awarded 2.3 million dollars.<ref name="tagami2011"/>
|first=Ty
 
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
== Lack of third-party payment ==
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=after an infant lost a portion of his penis during an operation with the Mogen clamp, a judge awarded $10.8 million in damages against the company.
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> after a mohel<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=In this case, a New York mohel, or Jewish ritual circumcisor, performed the operation in the baby's home
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> severed the end of a baby's glans<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=The baby in the current case, identified in court documents only as L.G., lost the entire glans, or head, of his penis ...
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> using one of their clamps. Mogen claimed that injury was impossible with its use.<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=The maker of an instrument used in circumcisions claimed that injury was impossible with its use...
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> The injury behind a prior lawsuit in Fulton County Superior Court had already put Mogen on notice about the danger of the device.<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=Attorney David Llewellyn won a similar case in Atlanta last year and the injury behind that prior lawsuit in Fulton County Superior Court put the New York clamp manufacturer on notice about the danger of the device...
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> In a different case, at South Fulton Medical Center, another law suit was won in 2009.<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=Llewellyn won another circumcision case in 2009 over an operation at South Fulton Medical Center.
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref> In that case, a child lost a third of his glans, and the plaintiffs were awarded 2.3 million dollars.<ref>{{REFnews
|last=Tagami
|first=Ty
|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html
|title=Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
|quote=The jury found that both the pediatrician and the physician who performed the circumcision were negligent, and awarded $2.3 million to the plaintiffs.
|date=2010-07-19
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref>


[[Third-party payment]] for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is not available in [[Canada]], so anyone seeking a non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] must pay out of pocket.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Canada]]
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Crouse, Pierre}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crouse, Pierre}}


[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Interest|Financial Gain]]
[[Category:Male]]
[[Category:Pollock Group]]
 
[[Category:Physicians]]
[[Category:Interest]]
[[Category:Financial gain]]
[[Category:Physician]]
[[Category:Pollock group]]
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