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'''Circumcised doctors''' are male doctors who were circumcised as infants, so they lack any personal knowledge and experience of a normal male body part – the [[foreskin]] or a normal, complete, functional [[penis]].
'''Circumcised doctors''' are male doctors who were [[circumcised]] as infants, so they lack any personal knowledge and experience of a normal male body part — the [[foreskin]] of a normal, complete, functional [[penis]]. Circumcised doctors, as compared with [[intact]], [[foreskinned]] doctors, tend to be highly [[Bias| biased]] in favor of non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]].<ref name="hill2017">{{REFjournal
|last=Hill
|first=George
|init=G
|author-link=George Hill
|title=The case against circumcision
|journal=Journal of Men's Health and Gender
|date=2007
|volume=4
|issue=3
|pages=318-323
|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04ace5046cc27f01b8fbe4aa359c059778983912
|quote=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-10-01
}}</ref>


[[Circumcised]] doctors are more likely to give poor advice on the care of [[intact]] boys. According to Bigelow (1995):
<blockquote>
America is not a generally a safe place for a [[foreskin]] regardless of the [[intact]] male's age. Most American doctors are neither trained or skilled in the less radical treatment procedures used in other countries. Av a result, they often recommend [[circumcision]] in situations that could be treated by less severe measures.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Bigelow, Ph.D
|first=Jim
|init=
|author-link=Jim Bigelow
|year=1995
|title=The Joy of Uncircumcising
|url=
|work=
|editor=
|edition=Second Edition
|volume=
|chapter=The circumcised American penis
|scope=
|page=27
|pages=
|location=Aptos
|publisher=Hourglass
|ISBN=0-934061-22-X
|quote=
|accessdate=2023-08-15
|note=
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


==Location==
==Location==
Circumcised doctors tend to be concentrated in such nations as Turkey and other Islamic nations, Israel, the United States of America and to a lesser extent, other English-speaking nations.
[[Circumcised]] doctors tend to be concentrated in such nations as Turkey and other Islamic nations, [[Israel]], the [[United States of America]] and to a lesser extent, other English-speaking nations.


American medical trade associations, such as
American [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]], such as


* the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]]
* the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]]
* the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]
* the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]
* the [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]]
* the [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]]
* the American Urological Association
* the [[American Urological Association]]


are heavily populated with circumcised doctors, so their pronouncements on male circumcision, as compared with those of other nations, tend to be biased in favor of male circumcision.<ref name="goldman2005">{{REFjournal
are heavily populated with [[circumcised]] doctors, so their pronouncements on male [[circumcision]], as compared with those of other nations, tend to be [[Bias| biased]] in favor of male [[circumcision]].<ref name="goldman2005">{{REFjournal
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
  |first=Ronald
  |first=Ronald
Line 27: Line 68:
  |issue=9
  |issue=9
  |pages=630-633
  |pages=630-633
  |url=https://www.circumcision.org/wp-content/docs/CircumcisionPolicy_A_Psychosocial_Perspective.pdf
  |url=https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/9/630/2648566?login=true
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=19675851
  |pubmedID=19675851
Line 36: Line 77:


==Examples==
==Examples==
There are hundreds of thousands of circumcised doctors, many of them of Jewish heritage. Some notable examples of circumcised doctors are:
There are hundreds of thousands of [[circumcised]] doctors, many of them of Jewish heritage. Some notable examples of [[circumcised]] doctors are:
* [[Robert C. Bailey]]
* [[Robert C. Bailey]]
* [[Benjamin E. Dawson]]
* [[Benjamin E. Dawson]]
* [[Aaron J. Fink]]
* [[Aaron J. Fink]]
* [[Andrew Freedman]]
* [[Andrew Freedman]]
* [[Hershel Goldman]]
* [[David Golovsky]]
* [[Ronald H. Gray]]
* [[Alan F. Guttmacher]]
* [[James Heilman]]
* [[James Heilman]]
* [[Murray Katz]]
* [[Murray Katz]]
* [[John N. Krieger]]
* [[John N. Krieger]]
* [[Paul C. Mohl]]
* [[M. J. Moses]]
* [[Stephen Moses]]
* [[Stephen Moses]]
* [[Mehmet Cengiz Öz]]
* [[Neil Pollock]]
* [[Neil Pollock]]
* [[Abraham Ravich]]
* [[Abraham Ravich]]
* [[Terry Russell]]
* [[Terry Russell]]
* [[Edgar J. Schoen]]
* [[Edgar J. Schoen]]
* [[Aaron Tobian]]
* [[Peter Wein]]
* [[Gerald N. Weiss]]
* [[Thomas E. Wiswell]]
* [[Thomas E. Wiswell]]
* [[Alex D. Wodak]]
* [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]]
* [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]]


Line 75: Line 127:
  |DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1093.x
  |DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1093.x
  |accessdate=2020-03-15
  |accessdate=2020-03-15
}}</ref> & [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] et al. (2002)<ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> & [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] et al. (2002)<ref>{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> report that [[circumcision]] is traumatic, so one may expect that [[circumcised]] doctors experienced [[trauma]] and that their behavior is impacted.
  |last=Boyle
 
  |first=Gregory J.
* Stein et al. (1982) sent out questionnaires regarding [[circumcision]] practice to medical doctors in San Diego, California. The questionnnaire included questions about personal [[circumcision]] status. The authors reported:
  |init=GJ
<blockquote>
  |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle
Older and [[circumcised]] physicians were more likely than either younger or uncircumcised physicians to maintain a positive attitude about routine neonatal circumcision. Although the number of female physicians in this study was limited, they were less likely than male physicians to favor circumcision.<ref name="stein1982">{{REFjournal
  |last2=Goldman
  |last=Stein
  |first2=Ronald
  |first=
  |init2=R
  |init=MT
  |author2-link=Ronald Goldman
  |author-link=
  |last3=Svoboda
  |last2=Marx
  |first3=J. Steven
  |first2=
  |init3=JS
  |init2=M
  |author3-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |author2-link=
  |last4=Fernandez
  |last3=Taggert
  |first4=Ephrem
  |first3=
  |init4=E
  |init3=SL
  |author3-link=
  |last4=Bass
  |first4=
  |init4=RA
  |author4-link=
  |author4-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Male circumcision: pain, trauma and psychosexual sequelae
  |title=Routine neonatal circumcision: the gap between contemporary policy and practice
  |journal=J Health Psychol
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=J Fam Pract
  |location=
  |location=
  |date=2002
  |date=1982
  |volume=7
  |volume=15
  |issue=3
  |issue=1
  |pages=329-343
|article=
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/boyle6/
|page=
  |pages=47-53
  |url=https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/jfp-archived-issues/1982-volume_14-15/JFP_1982-07_v15_i1_routine-neonatal-circumcision-the-gap-be.pdf
|archived=
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=22114254
  |pubmedID=7086383
  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
  |DOI=10.1177/135910530200700310
  |DOI=
  |accessdate=2020-03-16
  |accessdate=2021-10-23
}}</ref> report that circumcision is traumatic, so one may expect that circumcised doctors experienced trauma and that their behavior is impacted.
}}</ref>
 
</blockquote>
* LeBourdais (1995) reported the [[circumcision]] status of the physician is a factor, among others, in determining if a baby is to be circumcised.<ref name="lebourdais1995">{{REFjournal
* LeBourdais (1995) reported the [[circumcision]] status of the physician is a factor, among others, in determining if a baby is to be [[circumcised]].<ref name="lebourdais1995">{{REFjournal
  |last=LeBourdais
  |last=LeBourdais
  |first=Eleanor
  |first=Eleanor
Line 126: Line 187:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


* [[Ronald Goldman|Goldman]] (1999) reported circumcised doctors will write papers to support non-therapeutic circumcision:
* [[Ronald Goldman|Goldman]] (1999) reported [[circumcised]] doctors will write papers to support non-therapeutic circumcision:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
One reason that flawed studies are published is that science is affected by cultural values. A principal method of preserving cultural values is to disguise them as truths that are based on scientific research. This 'research' can then be used to support questionable and harmful cultural values such as circumcision. This explains the claimed medical 'benefits' of circumcision.<ref name="goldman1999"/></blockquote>
One reason that flawed studies are published is that science is affected by cultural values. A principal method of preserving cultural values is to disguise them as truths that are based on scientific research. This 'research' can then be used to support questionable and harmful cultural values such as circumcision. This explains the claimed medical 'benefits' of circumcision.<ref name="goldman1999"/></blockquote>
   
   
* [[Ronald Goldman|Goldman]] (2004) stated, "On the other hand, there are various factors that may contribute to or suggest a bias in favour of circumcision. A survey of randomly selected primary care physicians showed that circumcision was more often supported by doctors who were older, male and circumcised."<ref name="goldman2004">
* [[Ronald Goldman|Goldman]] (2005) stated, "On the other hand, there are various factors that may contribute to or suggest a bias in favour of circumcision. A survey of randomly selected primary care physicians showed that [[circumcision]] was more often supported by doctors who were older, male and [[circumcised]]."<ref name="goldman2005" />
{{REFjournal
|last=Goldman
|first=Ronald
|init=
|author-link=Ronald Goldman
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision policy: A psychosocial perspective
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Paediatrics & Child Healh
|location=
|date=2004-11-01
|volume=9
|issue=9
|article=
|page=
|pages=630-33
|url=https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/9/630/2648566?login=true
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=19675851
|pubmedCID=2724127
|DOI=10.1093/pch/9.9.630
|accessdate=2021-10-23
}}</ref>


* Andries J. Muller (2010) conducted a survey of Saskatchewan medical doctors in specialties that perform non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. He reported "the circumcision status of, especially, the male respondents played a huge role in whether they were in support of circumcision, or not." The circumcision status of their sons was a secondary factor.<ref>{{REFjournal
* Andries J. Muller (2010) conducted a survey of Saskatchewan medical doctors in specialties that perform non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. He reported "the circumcision status of, especially, the male respondents played a huge role in whether they were in support of circumcision, or not." The circumcision status of their sons was a secondary factor.<ref>{{REFjournal
Line 170: Line 206:
  |accessdate=2021-10-23
  |accessdate=2021-10-23
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
* Boyle & Hill (2012) commented:
<blockquote>Tobian and Gray are products of circumcising cultures. Their article exhibits Freudian defences of denial and rationalisation. The authors seem blinded by their own circumcision-generated emotional needs. The readers of such articles must be aware of the culture-of-orgin and circumcision status of the authors, in order to properly evaluate assertions about MC.<ref name="boyle2012">{{REFjournal
|last=Boyle
|first=Gregory J.
|init=
|author-link=Gregory J. Boyle
|last2=Hill
|first2=George
|init2=
|author2-link=George Hill
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision-generated emotions bias medical literature
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=2012-02-07
|volume=109
|issue=4
|article=
|page=E11
|pages=
|url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=22313504
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
|accessdate=2021-10-25
}}</ref></blockquote>


* [[George Hill|Hill]] (2012) wrote:
* [[George Hill|Hill]] (2012) wrote:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
Medical doctors in Australia, Canada, and the United States practiced circumcision in the twentieth century, so these nations have a heavy proportion of circumcised men, some of whom become medical doctors. These circumcised male doctors share the same [[bias]] in favor of male circumcision as do other circumcised males. Male doctors who were circumcised as infants are more likely to recommend circumcision of infants to parents.<ref>{{REFweb
Medical doctors in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], and the [[United States]] practiced [[circumcision]] in the twentieth century, so these nations have a heavy proportion of [[circumcised]] men, some of whom become medical doctors. These [[circumcised]] male doctors share the same [[bias]] in favor of male circumcision as do other circumcised males. Male doctors who were [[circumcised]] as infants are more likely to recommend [[circumcision]] of infants to parents.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=http://www.drmomma.org/2009/07/circumcision-human-behavior.html
  |url=http://www.drmomma.org/2009/07/circumcision-human-behavior.html
  |archived=
  |archived=
Line 190: Line 257:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Identifying a suitable doctor for an intact male==
[[Your Whole Baby]] has long been aware of the issues with American [[circumcised]] doctors, so the organization has created a list of doctors who are reported to be "foreskin friendly" to which parents of [[intact]] boys may refer. The list is only for the [[United States]].
Please see:
* [https://www.yourwholebaby.org/doctors-list Intact friendly doctors list]


{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Bias]]
* [[Bias]]
* [[Forced foreskin retraction]]
* [[Care of intact, foreskinned boys]]
* [[Issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Regret doctor]]
* [[Trauma]]


{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=http://www.intactnews.org/node/135/1318823579/doctors039-circumcision-recommendations-influenced-personal-factors-study-finds
  |url=http://www.pearltrees.com/thesearemypearls/doctors-promoting-circumcision/id6164717#item73102503
  |title=Doctors' Circumcision Recommendations Influenced By Personal Factors, Study Finds
  |title=Doctors' Circumcision Recommendations Influenced By Personal Factors, Study Finds
  |last=Friedman
  |last=Friedman
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