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The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) is the latest manifestation of an international health organization.  It was preceeded by the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in Geneva, which held its last meeting in 1938 just prior to the outbreak of World War II. A conference of allied nations was held in San Francisco just after World War II to establish the United Nations at which time the ''Charter of the United Nations'' was drafted. The allied nations also thought that a new international health organization should be formed. The WHO Constitution came into force in 1948 and the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva in that same year to establish priorities for the new organization.<ref>
The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) is the latest manifestation of an international health organization.  It was preceeded by the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in Geneva, which held its last meeting in 1938 just prior to the outbreak of World War II. A conference of allied nations was held in San Francisco just after World War II to establish the United Nations at which time the ''Charter of the United Nations'' was drafted. The allied nations also thought that a new international health organization should be formed. The WHO Constitution came into force in 1948 and the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva in that same year to establish priorities for the new organization.<ref>
{REFjournal
{{REFjournal
  |last=McCarthy
  |last=McCarthy
  |first=Michael
  |first=Michael
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The WHO is lead by a Director-General. The present Director-General in [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]] who took office in April 2017.
The WHO is lead by a Director-General. The present Director-General in [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]] who took office in April 2017.
The [[United States of America]] resigned from membership in the WHO on 20 January 2025.<ref name="trump2025">{{REFdocument
|title=Executive Order Withdrawing the United States from the World Health Organization
|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/withdrawing-the-united-states-from-the-worldhealth-organization/
|contribution=
|last=Trump
|first=Donald
|publisher=The White House
|format=
|date=2025-01-20
|accessdate=2025-01-21
}}</ref>


==Funding==
==Funding==
The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] is the largest contributor. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the Gates Foundation to the WHO gives [[Bill Gates]] "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".<ref name="kennedy2021A">{{REFbook
 
The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] is the largest contributor at least since 2021.<ref name="mercola2021">{{REFweb
|url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/new-documentary-on-who-exposes-widespread-corruption-massive-funding-by-bill-gates/
|archived=
|title=New documentary on WHO exposes widespread corruption, massive funding by Bill Gates
|last=Mercola
|first=Joseph
|publisher=LifeSite
|date=2021-10-04
|accessdate=2022-01-03
}}</ref> Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Gates Foundation]] to the WHO gives [[Bill Gates]] "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".<ref name="kennedy2021A">{{REFbook
  |last=Kennedy, Jr.
  |last=Kennedy, Jr.
  |first=Robert F.
  |first=Robert F.
Line 54: Line 76:
  |title=The Real Anthony Fauci
  |title=The Real Anthony Fauci
  |url=
  |url=
  |pages=301
  |page=301
| location=New York
| location=New York
  |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
  |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
  |ISBN=978-I51076680-8
  |ISBN=978-I51076680-8
  |accessdate=2021-12-28
  |accessdate=2021-12-28
  }}</ref> Bill Gates' promotion of male circumcision is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male circumcision.
  }}</ref> [[Bill Gates]]' promotion of male [[circumcision]] is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male [[circumcision]].
 
== Rejection of female circumcision ==
 
In 1997, the WHO classified [[female genital mutilation]] into four different types. Since then, experience with using this classification revealed the need to subdivide these categories, to capture the varieties of [[FGM]] in more detail.
 
{{NOTE}} To date (September 2023), the [[World Health Organization]] has not yet cataloged [[Genital mutilation|male genital mutilation]] ([[MGM]]), although there is also a corresponding range of types. This is why the [[WHO]] is repeatedly accused of being blind in one eye when it comes to the issue of [[genital mutilation]].
 
==Advocacy of male circumcision==
==Advocacy of male circumcision==


In July 2012, the '''WHO''' (World Health Organization) published a study<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ Male circumcision for HIV prevention]</ref> (just in time for the just then started [[Circumcision Debate]] in Germany) which recommended to perform [[circumcision]]s as a prevention against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against [[AIDS]].
In July 2012, the WHO published a study<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ Male circumcision for HIV prevention]</ref> (just in time for the just then started [[Circumcision Debate]] in Germany) which recommended to perform [[circumcision]]s as a prevention against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against [[AIDS]].


[[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>{{REFweb
[[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>{{REFweb
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In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts.
In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts.
The [[United States]] announced in February 2025 that [[PEPFAR]] would terminate its African circumcision program.


== Guideline Development Group (GDG) ==
== Guideline Development Group (GDG) ==
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  |issue=8
  |issue=8
  |date=1989-08
  |date=1989-08
  |pages=552-555
  |pages=552-5
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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  |journal=Lancet
  |journal=Lancet
  |date=1989
  |date=1989
  |pages=598-599
  |pages=598-9
}}</ref> which binds to the glans penis of the infant.<ref name="Cunningham 1986">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> which binds to the glans penis of the infant.<ref name="Cunningham 1986">{{REFjournal
  |last=Cunningham
  |last=Cunningham
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  |date=1916
  |date=1916
  |volume=XII
  |volume=XII
  |pages=235.243
  |pages=235-43
}}</ref><ref name="Cohen 1992">{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref name="Cohen 1992">{{REFjournal
  |last=Cohen
  |last=Cohen
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  |journal=Clinical Pediatrics
  |journal=Clinical Pediatrics
  |date=1992
  |date=1992
  |pages=322-324
  |pages=322-4
}}</ref><ref name="Goldman 1996">{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref name="Goldman 1996">{{REFjournal
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
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  |volume=32
  |volume=32
  |issue=11
  |issue=11
  |pages=1098-1102
  |pages=1098-102
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Prais
  |last=Prais
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, {{MD}}, (2020) the head of the United States PEPFAR program, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)| Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] called circumcision ineffective and called for PEPFAR to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ<ref>{{REFdocument
In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, {{MD}}, (2020) the head of the United States [[PEPFAR]] program, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] called circumcision ineffective and called for [[PEPFAR]] to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ<ref>{{REFdocument
  |title=World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision
  |title=World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision
  |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2020-06-15b_LettertoPEPFAR.pdf
  |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2020-06-15b_LettertoPEPFAR.pdf
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  |last=Denniston
  |last=Denniston
  |first=George C.
  |first=George C.
  |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
  |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
  |format=
  |format=
  |date=2020-06-29
  |date=2020-06-29
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==Polio scandal==
==Polio scandal==
Kennedy (2021) reports that Bill Gates and Anthony Fauci met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.<ref name="kennedy2021B">{{REFbook
Kennedy (2021) reports that [[Bill Gates]] and [[Anthony Fauci]] met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.<ref name="kennedy2021B">{{REFbook
  |last=Kennedy, Jr.
  |last=Kennedy, Jr.
  |first=Robert F.
  |first=Robert F.
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  |title=The Real Anthony Fauci
  |title=The Real Anthony Fauci
  |url=
  |url=
  |pages=340
  |page=340
  |location=New York
  |location=New York
  |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
  |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
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  |quote=While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries.
  |quote=While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries.
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
=== Population-based studies ===
{{Population-based studies}}
===Two African surveys===
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-09
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-09
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
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{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* [http://circleaks.org/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization Critical page about the WHO on CircLeaks.org]
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
  |archived=
  |archived=
  |title=HIV/AIDS
  |title=HIV/AIDS
  |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
  |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
  |date=2020
  |date=2020
  |accessdate=2020-07-16
  |accessdate=2020-07-16
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/05/31/fraud-corruption-harassment-charges-rise-inside-world-health-organization/
|title=Fraud, Corruption, Harassment Charges Rise Inside World Health Organization
|last=Johnson
|first=Drew
|init=
|publisher=Daily Caller
|date=2016-12-31
|accessdate=2022-12-26
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/06/world-health-organization-corrupt-wasteful/
|title=Stop Funding WHO Until It Cleans Up Its Act
|last=Stier
|first=Jeff
|init=
|publisher=National Review
|date=2017-06-14
|accessdate=2022-12-26
}}
*{{REFweb
|url=https://brownstone.org/articles/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization/
|title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization
|last=Bell
|first=David
|init=
|publisher=Brownstone Institute
|date=2022-05-27
|accessdate=2022-12-26
}}
*{{REFweb
|url=https://nworeport.me/2022/08/02/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization-who/
|title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization (WHO)
|last=Toplansky
|first=Eileen F.
|init=
|publisher=NWO Report
|date=2022-08-02
|accessdate=2022-12-26
}}
}}


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[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]


[[de:WHO]]
[[de:Weltgesundheitsorganisation]]
 
[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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