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  |date=2003
  |date=2003
  |accessdate=2022-11-13
  |accessdate=2022-11-13
}}</ref>
}}</ref> Circumcision causes trauma.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Goldman
|first=Ronald
|init=
|year=1997
|title=Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma: How an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All
|url=https://circumcision.org/circumcision-the-hidden-trauma/
|scope=
|location=
|publisher=Vanguard Publications
|ISBN=
|accessdate=2024-12-13
}}</ref> <ref>{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref>


== Physical trauma ==
== Physical trauma ==
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== Psychic trauma ==
== Psychic trauma ==
Psychic trauma is a  psychologically upsetting experience that produces an emotional or mental disorder or otherwise has lasting negative effects on a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior.<ref name="trauma2003" />
Psychic trauma is a  psychologically upsetting experience that produces an emotional or mental disorder or otherwise has lasting negative effects on a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior.<ref name="trauma2003" />
== Birth trauma ==
De Mause (1996) argued that early trauma results in aggressive adult behavior.<ref name="demause1996">{{REFjournal
|last=deMause
|first=Lloyd
|init=
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Restaging Fetal Traumas in War and Social Violence
|journal=Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal
|location=
|date=1996
|volume=23
|issue=4
|pages=344-92
|url=http://www.mattes.de/buecher/praenatale_psychologie/PP_PDF/PP_08_2_deMause.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=11609155
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2024-04-03
}}</ref> Jacobsen & Bygdeman (1998) reported an association between birth trauma and adult suicide.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Jacobsen
|first=
|init=B
|author-link=
|last2=Bygdeman
|first2=
|init2=M
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Obstetric care and proneness of offspring to suicide as adults: case-control study
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BMJ
|location=
|date=1998
|volume=317
|issue=7169
|article=
|page=1346
|pages=
|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7169/1346
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9812930
|pubmedCID=28715
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1346
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-10-18
}}</ref>


== Circumcision trauma ==
== Circumcision trauma ==
Circumcision trauma includes ''both'' physical trauma and psychic trauma.<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
There are no medical indications for infant [[circumcision]],<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Committee on Fetus and Newborn
|first=
|init=
|year=1971
|title=Standards and Recommendation for Hospital Care of Newborn infants. 5th ed.
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/#a1971
|scope=
|location=Evanston
|publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics
|ISBN=
|accessdate=2024-04-03
}}</ref> which is a [[Pain| painful]], traumatic, non-therapeutic, medically-unnecessary invasive amputative surgery.<ref name="garrett2023-12-17">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
|title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-12-17
|accessdate=2024-05-15
}}</ref> Infant circumcision still occurs more than 2,000 times a day in the [[United States]]. Circumcision trauma includes physical trauma,<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> sexual trauma,<ref name="remennick2022">{{REFjournal
|last=Remennick
|first=
|init=L
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Joining the tribe: adult circumcision among immigrant men in Israel and its traumatic aftermath
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Cult Health Sex
|date=2022-05
|volume=24
|issue=5
|pages=702-16
|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272?needAccess=true
|archived=
|quote=Although opinions differed, the majority in this small survey said that the exposure of glans penis gradually lowered sensitivity, reducing pleasure both in intercourse and masturbation. In hindsight, many informants regretted their consent to undergo brit under social pressure.
|pubmedID=33512277
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-12-30
}}</ref> and psychic trauma.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Aydoğdu
  |last=Aydoğdu
  |first=
  |first=
Line 68: Line 176:
  |format=PDF
  |format=PDF
  |accessdate=2024-03-05
  |accessdate=2024-03-05
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-gone-wrong/
|title=Circumcision Gone Wrong: Damage, Deformity, Death
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-11-04
|accessdate=2024-06-02
}}</ref> Batteley, Metters & Smith (2023) state, in addition to the physical risks, the psychological risks should receive attention.<ref name="batterley2023">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> Batteley, Metters & Smith (2023) state, in addition to the physical risks, the psychological risks should receive attention.<ref name="batterley2023">{{REFjournal
  |last=Batterley
  |last=Batterley
Line 90: Line 208:
  |volume=Preprint
  |volume=Preprint
  |pages=1-13
  |pages=1-13
  |url=https://psyarxiv.com/4yv62/
  |url=https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/4yv62
  |archived=
  |archived=
  |quote=
  |quote=
Line 97: Line 215:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


[[Dan Bollinger| Bollinger]] (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] men using the ACE test. The [[circumcised]] men had higher ACE scores than the [[intact]] men. Bollinger has called for additional study to determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as an [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)| Adverse Childhood Experience]].<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal
|last=Bollinger
|init=D
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
|last2=
|init2=
|author2-link=
|url=https://kindredmedia.org/2023/02/adverse-childhood-experiences-dysfunctional-households-and-circumcision/
|title=Adverse Childhood Experiences, Dysfunctional Households, and Circumcision.
|journal=Kindred
|date=2023-02-28
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|accessdate=2023-03-01
}}</ref>
Although the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]], which promote harmful child circumcision for their profit, minimize its effects, the trauma from [[circumcision]] is an extremely serious matter. Professor [[Jonathan A. Allan]] (2024) has devoted an entire chapter in his book to the issue of circumcision trauma.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
|last=Allan
|first=
|init=JA
|author-link=Jonathan A. Allan
|year=2024
|title=Uncut: A Cultural Analysis of the Foreskin
|url=https://uofrpress.ca/Books/U/Uncut
|work=
|editor=
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=Chapter 8: Intactivism and the Logic of Trauma
|scope=
|page=
|pages=217-55
|location=Regina
|publisher=University of Regina Press
|ISBN=978-1779400307
|quote=
|accessdate=2024-12-29
|note=
}}</ref>
=== Physical circumcision trauma ===
=== Physical circumcision trauma ===
Circumcision, more properly described as ''posthectomy'', is the surgical excision and amputation of the foreskin of the penis, which permanently removes a significant portion of the epithelium of the penis and destroys the significant and important [[Foreskin#Protective_functions| protective]], [[Foreskin#Immunological_functions| immunological]], [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual]], and [[Foreskin#Sexual_behavior| sensory]] physiological functions of that structure, and leaves the patient permanently and irreversibly impaired by the loss of those functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
Circumcision, more properly described as ''[[posthectomy]]'', is the surgical excision and amputation of the [[foreskin]] of the [[penis]], which permanently removes a significant portion of the epithelium of the [[penis]] and destroys the significant and important [[Foreskin#Protective_functions| protective]], [[Foreskin#Immunological_functions| immunological]], [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual]], and [[Foreskin#Sexual_behavior| sensory]] physiological functions of that structure, and leaves the patient permanently and irreversibly impaired by the loss of those functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>


==== Results of physical circumcision trauma ====
==== Results of physical circumcision trauma ====
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=== Psychic circumcision trauma ===
=== Psychic circumcision trauma ===
The medical community has been slow to recognize the trauma of [[circumcision]].<ref name="batterley2023" /> <ref name="goldman1999">{{REFjournal
According to [[Marilyn Milos]], "every man who has a scar on his [[penis]] also has a scar on his psyche." The medical community, however, has been slow to recognize the trauma of [[circumcision]].<ref name="batterley2023" /> <ref name="goldman1999">{{REFjournal
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
  |first=
  |first=
Line 144: Line 302:
}}
}}


Boyle & Ramos (2019) reported [[PTSD]] in [[circumcised]] boys in the Philippine Islands.<ref>{{REFjournal
Boyle & Ramos (2019) reported [[PTSD]] in [[circumcised]] boys in the Philippine Islands where [[Tuli]] remains the usual practice.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Boyle
  |last=Boyle
  |first=Gregory J.
  |first=Gregory J.
Line 172: Line 330:
==== Results of psychic circumcision trauma ====
==== Results of psychic circumcision trauma ====
Results of psychic circumcision trauma include:
Results of psychic circumcision trauma include:
* [[Posttraumatic stress disorder]]
* [[Post-traumatic stress disorder]]
* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
==Intact America==
[[Intact America]] is taking action to inform the public about the psychic trauma and effects of harmful child circumcision by publishing articles about the trauma and its treatment.
===Published articles===
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/negative-effects-of-circumcision-in-later-life/
|title=Negative Effects of Circumcision in Later Life: Long-term Implications
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-12-23
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-in-bedroom/
|title=Severed Intimacy: Navigating Circumcision Trauma in The Bedroom
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-01-16
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/
|title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-02-02
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/emotional-weight-of-circumcision/
|title=The Emotional Weight of Circumcision: Beyond the Physical Cut
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-12-22
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/mens-therapy-group-circumcision-trauma/
|title=Healing After Forced Genital Cutting: A Therapist’s Perspective on Men’s Recovery and Resistance
|last=Anderson
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-11-10
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/intact-america-support-group-eugene-belilovsky/
|title=Circumcision Trauma Support: Eugene Belilovsky on Healing Through Intact America’s Support Groups
|last=Belilovsky
|first=Eugene
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-11-26
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/navigating-the-layers-of-circumcision-trauma/
|title=Navigating the Layers of Circumcision Trauma
|last=Rhorer
|first=
|init=C
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-12-29
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/grieving-into-acceptance-circumcision-healing/
|title=Healing Circumcision Trauma: A Therapist’s Guide to Grief, Acceptance, and Intimacy
|last=Rhodriguez
|first=Paola
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2026-01-04
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
== Ethics ==
== Ethics ==
Two ethicists, Myers & Earp (2020), have conducted a detailed review and analysis of the claimed medical benefits of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]. They have determined that the alleged benefits are not material, so they do not support granting of consent by a surrogate. Moreover, they comment that even the most perfectly executed surgery produces trauma and harm to the patient. Circumcision also produces tissue loss and loss of function, therefore, circumcision should be performed only after the individual reaches the age of consent.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal
Two ethicists, Myers & Earp (2020), have conducted a detailed review and analysis of the claimed medical benefits of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]. They have determined that the alleged benefits are not material, so they do not support granting of consent by a surrogate. Moreover, they comment that even the most perfectly executed surgery produces trauma and harm to the patient. Circumcision also produces tissue loss and loss of function, therefore, circumcision should be performed only after the individual reaches the age of consent.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal
Line 195: Line 446:
  |issue=7
  |issue=7
  |pages=560-72
  |pages=560-72
  |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bioe.12714
  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf
  |archived=
  |archived=
  |quote=
  |quote=
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  |accessdate=2023-05-18
  |accessdate=2023-05-18
}}</ref> Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.
}}</ref> Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.
 
== Video ==
===Circumcision: Trauma for a Newborn Boy (Thoughts on Male Genital Mutilation)===
<youtube>v=2vkltwCLzsw</youtube>
===Circumcision: Trauma, Psychological Effects, Cultural Beliefs===
<youtube>v=lNItNHs9PR8&list=PLmrnvFzPoEloNFlh1lNKzig41vqprZnoc&index=1</youtube>
===Therapy Uncovers Circumcision Trauma===
<youtube>v=n5NDYG6w2eA</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumstraint]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological literature about male circumcision]]
* [[Ronald Goldman Testifies On Circumcision Trauma At Historic PACE Hearing]]
* [[Ronald Goldman Testifies On Circumcision Trauma At Historic PACE Hearing]]
 
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
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  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2022-11-20
  |accessdate=2022-11-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://iaim.net/extreme-trauma-from-male-circumcision-causes-damage-to-areas-of-brain/#:~:text=Based%20on%20MRI%20data%20collected,and%20frontal%20and%20temporal%20lobes.
|title=Extreme trauma from male circumcision causes damage to areas of the brain
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|publisher=International Association of Infant Massage.
|date=2016-02-17
|accessdate=2024-03-14
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
Line 253: Line 525:
  |accessdate=2022-11-14
  |accessdate=2022-11-14
}}
}}
 
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
|title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-12-17
|accessdate=2023-12-31
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/
|title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-02-02
|accessdate=2024-02-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-in-bedroom/
|title=Severed Intimacy: Navigating Circumcision Trauma in The Bedroom
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=
|accessdate=2024-05-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.verywellmind.com/signs-of-childhood-trauma-in-adults-5207979?hid=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&did=18229677-20250627&lctg=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&lr_input=26e7f2434137ffb0e492a98b870be0a76eb8bfe817d1bc8584c36552ebd17582
|title=Signs of Childhood Trauma in Adults
|last=Loggins
|first=Brittany
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Verywell Mind
|date=2023-12-04
|accessdate=2025-06-27
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-suicide-son/
|title=A Mother’s Grief: Circumcision Added to My Son’s Trauma Burden
|last=Couture
|first=Laurie A.
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-09-28
|accessdate=2025-10-03
}}
* {{REFweb
|title=Navigating the Layers of Circumcision Trauma
|url=https://intactamerica.org/navigating-the-layers-of-circumcision-trauma/
|trans-title=
|last=Rhorer
|first=Caitlyn
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|website=https://intactamerica.org
|date=2025-12-29
|accessdate=2025-12-31
|quote=While men may lack a coherent narrative or explicit memory of the event, the physiological impact remains stored within the body.
}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Term]]
[[Category:Medical term]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Trauma"