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  |format=
  |format=
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}}</ref> The percentage of [[circumcised]] males in Australia (prevalence) is reported to be 26.6%.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> The percentage of [[circumcised]] males in Australia (prevalence) was reported to be 26.6% in 2024.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://circstatistics.github.io/
  |url=https://circstatistics.github.io/
  |title=Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates
  |title=Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates
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==History==
==History==


The indigenous people of Australia, the [[Aborigines]], have variously practiced [[subincision]] and [[circumcision]] since before the first contact with Europeans.
The indigenous people of Australia, the [[Aborigines]], have variously practiced [[subincision]] and [[circumcision]] since before the first contact with Europeans. This can only be classified as [[genital mutilation]]. The status of this practice at the present time is unclear.


The incidence of non-therapeutic neonatal [[circumcision]] in Australia approached that of the [[United States]] in the 1930s through 1960s.
The incidence of non-therapeutic neonatal [[circumcision]] in Australia approached that of the [[United States]] in the 1930s through 1960s.


[[Douglas Gairdner]]'s famous, classic 1949 paper, ''The Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision'',<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> seems to have had no effect in Australia. However, criticism of the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision accelerated in 1967.
[[Douglas Gairdner]]'s famous, classic 1949 paper, ''The Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision'',<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> seems to have had no effect in Australia. However, criticism of the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision accelerated in 1967.
The Melbourne Paediatric Society held a meeting on 12 November 1952 at which Dr. John Begg read a paper, "''Why Circumcise''" in which the practice of child circumcision was questioned.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Medical Societies
|init=
|author-link=
|last2=
|init2=
|author2-link=
|url=https://www.cirp.org/news/1953/1953-04-25_medjaust.php
|title=Why Circumcise?
|journal=Med J Aust
|date=1953-04-25
|volume=1
|issue=17
|pages=603-04
|pubmedID=13062881
|accessdate=2024-11-11
}}</ref>


Morgan (1967) criticised non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref>{{REFjournal
Morgan (1967) criticised non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref>{{REFjournal
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}}</ref> This provides an estimated incidence of medically-unnecessary, injurious circumcision of 9.7 percent to 11.6 percent.
}}</ref> This provides an estimated incidence of medically-unnecessary, injurious circumcision of 9.7 percent to 11.6 percent.


However, traditional male genital mutilation remains popular among [[Aborigines]] in the Northern Territory where it is supported by the local government.<ref>{{REFnews
However, traditional [[MGM| male genital mutilation]] remains popular among [[Aborigines]] in the Northern Territory where it is supported by the local government.<ref>{{REFnews
  |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-22/nt-elders-concede-to-mistakes-in-ritual-circumcision/5213526
  |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-22/nt-elders-concede-to-mistakes-in-ritual-circumcision/5213526
  |title=Anger in NT community after circumcision rite ends with three boys airlifted to hospital
  |title=Anger in NT community after circumcision rite ends with three boys airlifted to hospital
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[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-09/boy-dies-after-circumcision-in-perth-southern-suburbs/100687108 The homicide police have referred the death of the two-year-old toddler to the coroner for investigation].<ref name="white2021"/>
[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-09/boy-dies-after-circumcision-in-perth-southern-suburbs/100687108 The homicide police have referred the death of the two-year-old toddler to the coroner for investigation].<ref name="white2021"/>
Coroner Robyn Hartley has determined two-year old David Kalunga Flynn died from an overdose of morphine. The inquest found that Dr. Raad Hassan failed to monitor the two-year-old boy. He has been referred to the Western Australia medical "watchdog" for further action.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=WA doctor Raad Hassan referred to health regulators over death of Perth boy following circumcision
|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-22/gosnells-circumcision-death-coroner-finding-against-wa-doctor/105678826
|last=Shepherd
|first=Briana
|init=
|author-link=
|last2=Kagi
|init2=Blake
|author2-link=
|publisher=Australia Broadcasting Corporation
|website=ABC
|date=2028-08-22
|accessdate=2028-08-30
|format=
|quote=While Mrs Flynn was trying to come to terms with that news, she was told Joseph needed to be transferred to Perth Children's Hospital where he underwent emergency surgery to control bleeding from his frenular artery, damaged during the circumcision.
}}</ref>


=== AMA warns against circumcision ===
=== AMA warns against circumcision ===
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}}</ref>
===Circumcision is a disability===
[[Dale Andersen| Dale Andersen-Giberson]], MSW, RSW. (2025) has described the disabilities caused by [[circumcision]].<ref name="andersen2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Andersen-Giberson
|init=D
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework
|journal=Critical Disability Discourses
|date=2025-12
|volume=10
|issue=2
|pages=1-37
|URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786
|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2026-03-14
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== The current situation in Australia ==
== The current situation in Australia ==


The Australian Pædiatric Association resolved in 1971 "that newborn male infants should not, as a routine, be circumcised." This decision was announced in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref name="bellmaine1971" />  The Australian Pædiatric Association published a second explanatory letter in July 1971.<ref>{{REFjournal
The [https://auspaediatrics.org.au/ Australian Pædiatric Association] resolved in 1971 "that newborn male infants should not, as a routine, be circumcised." This decision was announced in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref name="bellmaine1971" />  The Australian Pædiatric Association published a second explanatory letter in July 1971.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Hall
  |last=Hall
  |first=
  |first=
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  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
  |accessdate=2023-11-18
  |accessdate=2023-11-18
}}</ref> As stated above, the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision of boys declined precipitously after the publication of these letters, so most men under forty-three are [[intact]]. These [[foreskinned]] men are now becoming fathers. They are aware of the value and functions<ref name="helard2014">{{REFweb
}}</ref> As stated above, the incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys declined precipitously after the publication of these letters, so most men under forty-nine are [[intact]]. These [[foreskinned]] men are now becoming fathers. They are aware of the value and functions<ref name="helard2014">{{REFweb
  |url=http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/
  |url=http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/
  |title=Functions of the Foreskin
  |title=Functions of the Foreskin
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  |format=
  |format=
  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref> of the [[foreskin]] so these [[intact]] fathers usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]]. Moreover, public hospitals in Australia do not permit the performance of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].<ref name="tanny2015">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> of the [[foreskin]], so these [[intact]] fathers usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]]. Moreover, public hospitals in Australia do not permit the performance of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].<ref name="tanny2015">{{REFjournal
  |last=Na
  |last=Na
  |first=
  |first=
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As a consequence, it appears that the efforts of the [[RACP]] to revitalize the [[circumcision industry]] in Australia<ref name="RACP2022" /> may have scant success. The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys recently has been variously reported to be 4-10 percent.
As a consequence, it appears that the efforts of the [[RACP]] to revitalize the [[circumcision industry]] in Australia<ref name="RACP2022" /> may have scant success. The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys recently has been variously reported to be 4-10 percent.


[[Foreskinned]] men are in a strong and ever-increasing majority in Australia.
[[Foreskinned]] men and boys are in a strong and ever-increasing majority in Australia.


==Parental information==
==Parental information==
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== Video ==
== Video ==
Circumcision in modern Australia with [[John_Adkison]]
===Australian Circumcision Part 1===
<br>
* <youtube>v=UV3z-XceZ-g</youtube>
===Australian Circumcision Part 2===
* <youtube>v=-aXkeF6p1ig</youtube>
===Circumcision in modern Australia with [[John_Adkison]]===
* <youtube>v=VxSEiJfiL7w</youtube>
* <youtube>v=VxSEiJfiL7w</youtube>
===Foreskin problems and circumcision | Healthy Male===
* <youtube>v=9WVVhB4CrBg</youtube>
===The Decline of Circumcision: How Australia and New Zealand Left It Behind===
* <youtube>v=Z2jYzyrHDzk&t=66s</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Australian Circumcision]]
* [[Australian Circumcision]]
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* [[Foreskin revolution]]
* [[Foreskin revolution]]
* [[Intact Australia]]
* [[Intact Australia]]
* [[Jonathan Meddings]]
* [[New Zealand]]
* [[New Zealand]]
* [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]]
* [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]]
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  |date=2013-05
  |date=2013-05
  |accessdate=2019-11-21
  |accessdate=2019-11-21
}}
* {{REFnews
|title=Toddler dies and baby brother left in serious condition after circumcisions at Perth clinic
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/dec/09/toddler-dies-and-baby-brother-in-serious-condition-after-circumcisions-at-perth-clinic
|last=Davey
|first=Melissa
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=The Guardian
|website=
|date=2021-12-09
|accessdate=2026-01-18
|quote=
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
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  |accessdate=2022-07-07
  |accessdate=2022-07-07
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/cultures-that-reject-circumcision/
|title=Cultures That Reject Circumcision—And Why They’re Right
|last=Alissa
|first=Kristel
|init=
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-02-23
|accessdate=2025-05-08
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1ra67be/first_uncircumcised_generation/
|title=First Intact generation
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=Reddit
|date=2026-02-20
|accessdate=2026-02-20
}}
{{REF}}


{{REF}}


[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Australia]]
[[Category:Country]]
[[Category:English-speaking nation]]
[[Category:Genital mutilation]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Oceania]]
[[Category:Australia]]


[[de:Australien]]
[[de:Australien]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Australia"