Difference between revisions of "Population Services International"

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[[Population Services International]] (PSI) is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, D.C. that focuses on issues of family planning, HIV and AIDS, maternal health, and the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.<ref>[http://www.psi.org/about-psi/psi-at-a-glance About PSI]</ref>
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[[Population Services International]] (PSI) is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, {{USSC|DC}}, that focuses on issues of family planning, [[HIV]] and [[AIDS]], maternal health, and the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303171454/https://www.psi.org/about-psi/psi-at-a-glance
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|title=About PSI
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|website=archive.org
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|publisher=PSI
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|date=2012-03-03
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|accessdate=2020-03-12
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}}</ref>
  
 
'''PSI''' is part of the [[Male circumcision consortium]] (MCC) run by [[Family Health International]] which is funded by the  [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].
 
'''PSI''' is part of the [[Male circumcision consortium]] (MCC) run by [[Family Health International]] which is funded by the  [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].
  
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'''PSI''' currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa.<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male circumcision in Lesotho, Africa.] Retrieved on June 29, 2013. [http://web.archive.org/liveweb/http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision Archived version.]</ref>
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'''PSI''' currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa. Here is a Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male [[circumcision]] in Lesotho, Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630031418/http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision
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|title=Chief of Party, Early Infant Male Circumcision*
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|website=archive.org
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|publisher=reliefweb
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|date=2013-06-28
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|accessdate=2020-03-12
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}}</ref> [[PEPFAR]] has discontinued circumcisions of boys who have not reached the age of 15 years, due to poor outcomes and other abuses.
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== Population-based studies ==
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{{Population-based studies}}
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==Two African surveys==
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The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
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French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
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In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
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<blockquote>
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In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
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|last=Garenne
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|first=Michel
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|init=M
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|author-link=Michel Garenne
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|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
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|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
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|date=2022-04-04
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|journal=J Biosoc Sci
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|volume=online ahead of print
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|pages=1-16
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|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
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|pubmedID=35373731
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|accessdate=2022-11-05
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}}</ref>
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</blockquote>
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In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
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<blockquote>
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"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
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|last=Garenne
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|first=Michael
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|init=M
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|author-link=
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|etal=no
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|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
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|trans-title=
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|language=
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|journal=J Biosoc Sci
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|location=
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|date=2022-10-26
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|season=
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|volume=
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|issue=
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|article=
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|page=
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|pages=1-13
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|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
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|archived=
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|quote=
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|pubmedID=36286328
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|pubmedCID=
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|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
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|accessdate=2022-11-05
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}}</ref></blockquote>
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{{SEEALSO}}
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* [[Human rights]]
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* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
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{{LINKS}}
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* {{REFweb
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|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
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|title=HIV/AIDS
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|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
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|date=2020
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|accessdate=2020-07-16
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}}
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* {{URLwebsite|https://www.psi.org/|2021-12-31}}
  
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
  
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[[category:Organizations]]
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[[category:Organization]]
 
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
 
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
  

Latest revision as of 14:14, 29 December 2023

Population Services International (PSI) is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, DC, that focuses on issues of family planning, HIV and AIDS, maternal health, and the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.[1]

PSI is part of the Male circumcision consortium (MCC) run by Family Health International which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

PSI currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa. Here is a Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male circumcision in Lesotho, Africa.[2] PEPFAR has discontinued circumcisions of boys who have not reached the age of 15 years, due to poor outcomes and other abuses.

Population-based studies

September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of circumcision and HIV infection:

  1. Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, Canada (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.[3]
  2. Morten Frisch & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in Denmark of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.[4]

No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study. There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have not been effective in preventing HIV infection.

Two African surveys

The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.

French scientist Michel Garenne, Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in circumcised and intact men.

In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:

In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.[5]

In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:

"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that circumcised and intact men had similar levels of HIV infection."[6]

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ REFweb (3 March 2012). About PSI, archive.org, PSI. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  2. ↑ REFweb (28 June 2013). Chief of Party, Early Infant Male Circumcision*, archive.org, reliefweb. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  3. ↑ REFjournal Mayan M, Hamilton RJ, Juurlink DN, Austin PC, Jarvi KA. Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada. J Urol. 23 September 2021; PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
    Quote: We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
  4. ↑ REFjournal Frisch M, Simonsen J. Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark. Eur J Epidemiol. 26 September 2021; 37: 251–9. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  5. ↑ REFjournal Garenne M. Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho. J Biosoc Sci. 4 April 2022; online ahead of print: 1-16. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Garenne M. Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 26 October 2022; : 1-13. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
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