Difference between revisions of "Intact America"

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  |data12      = {{URLwebsite|https://intactamerica.org}}
 
  |data12      = {{URLwebsite|https://intactamerica.org}}
 
}}
 
}}
−
'''Intact America''' (IA) is a New York based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 2008, as part of the [https://thehudsoncenter.org/ Hudson Center for Health Equity & Quality Inc.] It was founded by [[Georganne Chapin]], MPhil, J.D., a healthcare leader, CEO and [[intactivist]]. IA's founding was facilitated by Texas businessman [http://www.austinventures.com/team/entrepreneurs/dean-pisani Dean Pisani] who pledged $1 million to Intact America because, he said, he and his wife were pressured in 1999 by a physician at [https://www.nm.org/locations/northwestern-memorial-hospital Northwestern Memorial Hospital] to circumcise their first child, a boy. The Pisani's rebuffed the doctor's pressure tactics, and in turn funded the creation of IA.<ref name="shelton2009">{{REFnews
+
'''Intact America''' (IA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 2008. It was originally part of the [https://thehudsoncenter.org/ Hudson Center], but is now its own entity as of 2020. It was founded by [[Georganne Chapin]], MPhil, {{JD}}, a healthcare leader, CEO and [[intactivist]] and a group of interested parties including [[Marilyn Milos]] and [[Dan Bollinger]]. IA's founding was facilitated by Texas businessman [https://www.entact.com/team-member/dean-pisani/ Dean Pisani] who pledged $1 million to Intact America because he and his wife were pressured in 1999 by a physician at [https://www.nm.org/locations/northwestern-memorial-hospital Northwestern Memorial Hospital] to circumcise their first child, a boy. The Pisani's rebuffed the doctor's pressure tactics, and in turn funded the creation of IA.<ref name="shelton2009">{{REFnews
 
  |title=Medical groups may recommend procedure on boys, but opponents say benefits exaggerated
 
  |title=Medical groups may recommend procedure on boys, but opponents say benefits exaggerated
 
  |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/health/Medical_groups_may_recommend_procedure_on_boys_but_opponents_say_benefits_exaggerated.html
 
  |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/health/Medical_groups_may_recommend_procedure_on_boys_but_opponents_say_benefits_exaggerated.html
Line 44: Line 44:
 
Intact America is an advocacy organization seeking to end [http://intactamerica.org circumcision] in America, and to ensure healthy sexual futures for all people.
 
Intact America is an advocacy organization seeking to end [http://intactamerica.org circumcision] in America, and to ensure healthy sexual futures for all people.
  
−
Intact America (IA) was registered to exhibit at the 2012 [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP) convention "trade show" in New Orleans, Louisiana. However the AAP revoked Intact America's registration over concerns that IA's presence would exacerbate the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| controversy]] over the AAP's recently released 2012 circumcision policy statement. IA in turn organized a protest of the AAP which attracted [[intactivists]] from across America to demonstrate at the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center.<ref name="pope2012">{{REFnews
+
Intact America (IA) was registered to exhibit at the 2012 [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP) convention "trade show" in New Orleans, Louisiana. However the AAP revoked Intact America's registration over concerns that IA's presence would exacerbate the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| controversy]] over the AAP's recently released 2012 circumcision policy statement (which expired in 2017). IA in turn organized a protest of the AAP which attracted [[intactivists]] from across America to demonstrate at the [https://www.neworleans.com/listing/new-orleans-ernest-n-morial-convention-center/169/ New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center].<ref name="pope2012">{{REFnews
 
  |title=Circumcision activists confront pediatricians
 
  |title=Circumcision activists confront pediatricians
 
  |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/anti-circumcision-activists-confront-pediatricians/2012/10/22/f6b7c468-1c88-11e2-8817-41b9a7aaabc7_story.html
 
  |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/anti-circumcision-activists-confront-pediatricians/2012/10/22/f6b7c468-1c88-11e2-8817-41b9a7aaabc7_story.html
Line 55: Line 55:
 
  |accessdate=2021-04-04
 
  |accessdate=2021-04-04
 
  |quote=
 
  |quote=
−
}}</ref> This seminal event was the place were the intactivist protest group [[Bloodstained Men]] was conceived.   
+
}}</ref> This seminal event was the place were the [[intactivist]] protest group [[Bloodstained Men]] was conceived.   
  
−
[http://circumcisiondebate.com The Circumcision Debate] is Intact America's entry-level companion website designed for non-intactivists. It is meant to be a source of information on issues about male circumcision.
+
[http://circumcisiondebate.com The Circumcision Debate] is Intact America's entry-level companion website designed for non-intactivists. It is meant to be a source of information on issues about male [[circumcision]].
  
 
Intact America has no chapters and is not affiliated with other groups imitating its name [e.g. Intact (geographic name)].
 
Intact America has no chapters and is not affiliated with other groups imitating its name [e.g. Intact (geographic name)].
Line 63: Line 63:
 
==Merger==
 
==Merger==
  
−
Intact America has announced the merger of [[Genital Autonomy America]] into Intact America, effective 1 July 2021. [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] will become a member of the Board of Directors of Intact America at that time.
+
[[Genital Autonomy America]] merged into Intact America, effective 1 July 2021. [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], R.N., GA-America's director, is now a member of the Board of Directors of Intact America.
 +
 
 +
==Association==
 +
Intact America has no state or local chapters and is not associated with any other intactivst organization including those whose name begins with the word 'Intact.' For example: Intact Arizona, Intact Australia, Intact Florida, Intact Denmark, etc.  
  
 
==Videos==
 
==Videos==
−
<center>
+
=== Intact America First Press Conference June 22, 2009 Part 1 ===
−
<br>
 
 
<youtube>9LSSJyIJkG4</youtube>
 
<youtube>9LSSJyIJkG4</youtube>
−
<br>
+
 
 +
=== A Special Message from Georganne Chapin of Intact America ===
 
<youtube>dVDwr5PpOEg</youtube>
 
<youtube>dVDwr5PpOEg</youtube>
−
<br>
+
 
 +
=== Intact America's 2020 Year-End message from Executive Director Georganne Chapin ===
 
<youtube>SD9jIvBkD1s</youtube>
 
<youtube>SD9jIvBkD1s</youtube>
−
</center>
+
 
 +
=== [[Brendon Marotta]] inverviews [[Georganne Chapin]] ===
 +
<youtube>yw7l4QcDYZw</youtube>
 +
=== Message from Georganne Chapin ===
 +
<vimeo>982011461</vimeo>
 
{{PUB}}
 
{{PUB}}
 
* {{REFweb
 
* {{REFweb
 
  |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/having_a_baby_boy_intact_america_warns_get_ready_for_the_circumcision_sellers/prweb17552844.htm
 
  |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/having_a_baby_boy_intact_america_warns_get_ready_for_the_circumcision_sellers/prweb17552844.htm
−
|archived=
 
 
  |title=Having a Baby Boy? Intact America Warns, ‘Get Ready for the Circumcision Sellers!'
 
  |title=Having a Baby Boy? Intact America Warns, ‘Get Ready for the Circumcision Sellers!'
−
|trans-title=
 
−
|language=English
 
 
  |last=Chapin
 
  |last=Chapin
 
  |first=Georganne
 
  |first=Georganne
Line 88: Line 93:
 
  |date=2019-11-18
 
  |date=2019-11-18
 
  |accessdate=2020-12-15
 
  |accessdate=2020-12-15
 +
|quote=Each year, an estimated 1.4 million baby boys are circumcised in American medical settings. Intact America estimates that if circumcision solicitations were to cease, 600,000 boys—and the men they will become—would be spared every year from the [[trauma]] and lifelong consequences of the procedure.
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFdocument
 +
|title=Child Genital Cutting as an Adverse Childhood Experience
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|url=http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net/CGC_as_an_ACE.pdf
 +
|archived=
 +
|contribution=
 +
|quote=
 +
|trans-quote=
 +
|quote-lang=
 +
|last=Bollinger
 +
|first=Dan
 +
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
 +
|last2=Chapin
 +
|first2=Georganne
 +
|author2-link=Georganne Chapin
 +
|publisher=[[Intact America]]
 +
|location=Tarrytown
 +
|format=PDF
 +
|date=2019-08-01
 +
|accessdate=2021-04-06
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/?s=consent
 +
|title=“Do You Know?” About the Limits of Parental Consent
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-02-01
 +
|accessdate=2024-01-30
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/pros-and-cons-of-circumcision/
 +
|title=Pros and Cons of Circumcision (Spoiler: You’ve Been Lied to)
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-11-10
 +
|accessdate=2024-03-22
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFnews
 +
|title=New Survey: Parents Lack Basic Understanding About Circumcision Dangers; 'Skin in the Game' Campaign Launches to Raise Awareness About This Unnecessary Medical Practice
 +
|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/new-survey-parents-lack-basic-understanding-about-circumcision-dangers-skin-in-the-game-campaign-launches-to-raise-awareness-about-this-unnecessary-medical-practice-301987509.html
 +
|last=Chapin
 +
|first=Georganne
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|last2=
 +
|init2=
 +
|author2-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|website=prweb
 +
|date=2023-11-14
 +
|accessdate=2023-12-16
 
  |format=
 
  |format=
−
  |quote=Each year, an estimated 1.5 million baby boys are circumcised in American medical settings. Intact America estimates that if circumcision solicitations were to cease, 600,000 boys—and the men they will become—would be spared every year from the trauma and lifelong consequences of the procedure.
+
  |quote=
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-gone-wrong/
 +
|title=Circumcision Gone Wrong: Damage, Deformity, Death
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-11-04
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/pros-and-cons-of-circumcision/
 +
|title=Pros and Cons of Circumcision (Spoiler: You’ve Been Lied to)
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-11-10
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
 +
|title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-12-17
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/foreskin-phobia-intact-penis-shamed/
 +
|title=Foreskin Phobia: How The Intact Penis Has Been Shamed
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-12-21
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/economics-of-circumcision/
 +
|title=The Economics of Circumcision: A Full Breakdown of This Penis Business
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-12-21
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/negative-effects-of-circumcision-in-later-life/
 +
|title=Negative Effects of Circumcision in Later Life: Long-term Implications
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2023-12-23
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/disadvantages-of-circumcision/
 +
|title=10 Disadvantages of Circumcision & Horrifying Facts
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-01-09
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/constitutional-case-against-circumcision/
 +
|title=Foreskins and Forefathers: A Constitutional Case Against Circumcision
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-01-24
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-17
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-injuries/
 +
|title=7 Ways Circumcision Injuries and Traumas Are Underreported
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-01-29
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/intactivism-anti-circumcision/
 +
|title=Intactivism 101: An Anti-Circumcision Guide for Foreskin Activism
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-02-02
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/
 +
|title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-02-02
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/what-do-the-eyelids-lips-fingertips-the-intact-penis-have-in-common/
 +
|title=What Do The Eyelids, Lips, Fingertips & The Intact Penis Have in Common?
 +
|last=Garret
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-02-17
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/intact-penis/
 +
|title=6 Things You Need to Know About The Intact Penis
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-02-19
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/assent-vs-consent/
 +
|title=Assent vs Consent (in Regards to Bodily Autonomy and Circumcision)
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-03-03
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/adult-circumcision-cost/
 +
|title=Adult Circumcision Cost: The Profit Motives and Hidden Toll
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-03-07
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/intact-penis-care/
 +
|title=Intact Penis Care: Embracing Natural Well-being
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-03-09
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ways-to-support-intactivism/
 +
|title=Championing Change: Effective Ways to Support Intactivism
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-05-14
 +
|accessdate=2024-05-15
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-victims/
 +
|title=Why Circumcision Victims Don’t Always Make The Best Advocates
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-08-07
 +
|accessdate=2023-09-05
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/nurses-against-circumcision/
 +
|title=Nurses on the Frontline: Exposing the Brutal Reality of Circumcision
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-08-09
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-05
 
}}
 
}}
−
 
+
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/oh-no-canada/
 +
|title=Oh (no) Canada!
 +
|last=Ashford
 +
|first=Jeannie
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-08-16
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-05
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/author/bryan-garner/
 +
|title=The Circumcision Decision: Unpackaging Anger and Resentment
 +
|last=Garner
 +
|first=Bryan
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-08-26
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-05
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-a-barbaric-practice-with-consequences/
 +
|title=Circumcision: A Barbaric Practice with Consequences No One Talks About
 +
|last=Garrett
 +
|first=Connor
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-08-28
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-05
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/the-daycare-risk-for-intact-uncircumcised-babies-and-boys-forcible-foreskin-retraction/
 +
|title=The Daycare Risk for Intact, Uncircumcised Babies and Boys: Forcible Foreskin Retraction
 +
|last=Ashford
 +
|first=Jeannie
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-09-12
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-13
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/truth-about-circumcision-media/
 +
|title=The Dark Side of Circumcision: Why the Media Needs to Speak Up
 +
|last=Alissa
 +
|first=Kristel
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-09-12
 +
|accessdate=2024-09-13
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-crisis/
 +
|title=The U.S. Circumcision Crisis: Why Your Support Matters
 +
|last=Alissa
 +
|first=Kristel
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=Intact America
 +
|date=2024-10-20
 +
|accessdate=2024-10-23
 +
}}
 +
{{SEEALSO}}
 +
* [[Intact]]
 +
* [[United States of America]]
 
{{LINKS}}
 
{{LINKS}}
−
* {{URLwebsite|http://www.intactamerica.org/|2019-09-15}}
+
* {{URLwebsite|https://intactamerica.org|2019-09-15}}
 
* {{URL-FBpage|intactamerica|2019-09-15}}
 
* {{URL-FBpage|intactamerica|2019-09-15}}
 +
Intact America companion websites:
 
* [http://circumcisiondebate.org/ The Circumcision Debate]
 
* [http://circumcisiondebate.org/ The Circumcision Debate]
−
* [http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net Child Genital Cutting as an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)]
+
* [http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net/ AdverseChildhoodExperiences.net (ACEs)]
 +
* [http://intact.gay/ Intact.gay]
  
 +
{{ABBR}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
  
 +
[[Category:Parental information]]
 
[[Category:Intactivism organization]]
 
[[Category:Intactivism organization]]
 +
 +
 
[[Category:USA]]
 
[[Category:USA]]
  
 
[[de:Intact America]]
 
[[de:Intact America]]

Latest revision as of 03:16, 24 October 2024

Intact America
Intact America logo.jpg
Formation:
2008
Founder:
Georganne Chapin
Founding location:
Tarrytown
Type:
Non-profit corporation
Location:
Tarrytown, New York, USA
Website:
REFweb Official website

Intact America (IA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 2008. It was originally part of the Hudson Center, but is now its own entity as of 2020. It was founded by Georganne Chapin, MPhil, J.D.[a 1], a healthcare leader, CEO and intactivist and a group of interested parties including Marilyn Milos and Dan Bollinger. IA's founding was facilitated by Texas businessman Dean Pisani who pledged $1 million to Intact America because he and his wife were pressured in 1999 by a physician at Northwestern Memorial Hospital to circumcise their first child, a boy. The Pisani's rebuffed the doctor's pressure tactics, and in turn funded the creation of IA.[1]

Mission

Intact America fulfills its mission by challenging social and sexual norms and by advocating for the health and well-being of all children and the adults they will become. They do this through creative messaging, advocacy, education, public policy reform, and the empowerment of their supporters, partners and volunteers.

Vision

Intact America envisions a world where children are free from medically unnecessary surgeries carried out on them without their consent in the name of culture, religion, profit, or parental preference.

Intact America is an advocacy organization seeking to end circumcision in America, and to ensure healthy sexual futures for all people.

Intact America (IA) was registered to exhibit at the 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convention "trade show" in New Orleans, Louisiana. However the AAP revoked Intact America's registration over concerns that IA's presence would exacerbate the controversy over the AAP's recently released 2012 circumcision policy statement (which expired in 2017). IA in turn organized a protest of the AAP which attracted intactivists from across America to demonstrate at the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center.[2] This seminal event was the place were the intactivist protest group Bloodstained Men was conceived.

The Circumcision Debate is Intact America's entry-level companion website designed for non-intactivists. It is meant to be a source of information on issues about male circumcision.

Intact America has no chapters and is not affiliated with other groups imitating its name [e.g. Intact (geographic name)].

Merger

Genital Autonomy America merged into Intact America, effective 1 July 2021. Marilyn Fayre Milos, R.N., GA-America's director, is now a member of the Board of Directors of Intact America.

Association

Intact America has no state or local chapters and is not associated with any other intactivst organization including those whose name begins with the word 'Intact.' For example: Intact Arizona, Intact Australia, Intact Florida, Intact Denmark, etc.

Videos

Intact America First Press Conference June 22, 2009 Part 1

A Special Message from Georganne Chapin of Intact America

Intact America's 2020 Year-End message from Executive Director Georganne Chapin

Brendon Marotta inverviews Georganne Chapin

Message from Georganne Chapin

Publications

See also

External links

Intact America companion websites:

Abbreviations

  1. ↑ REFweb Juris Doctor, Wikipedia. Retrieved 13 October 2021. (Also known as Doctor of Law or Doctor of Jurisprudence.)

References

  1. ↑ REFnews Shelton, Deborah L. (3 September 2009)."Medical groups may recommend procedure on boys, but opponents say benefits exaggerated", The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  2. ↑ REFnews Pope, John (22 October 2012)."Circumcision activists confront pediatricians", Washington Post. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
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