Difference between revisions of "Pheromone"

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A '''pheromone''' is a type of ectohormone secreted by an individual and perceived by a second individual of the same or similar species, thereby producing a change in the sexual or social behavior of that individual.<ref name="farlex2012">{{REFweb
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A '''pheromone''' is a type of ectohormone secreted by an individual and perceived by a second individual of the same or similar species, thereby producing a change in the sexual or social behavior of that individual.<ref name="farler2012">Pheromone. (n.d.) Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. (2012). Retrieved June 11 2021 from https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pheromone</ref>
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|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pheromone
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|title=Pheromone
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|website=Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary
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|date=2012
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|accessdate=2021-06-12
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}}</ref>
  
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Pheromones are important in many animal species but, until recently, were thought to be unimportant in humans. It has now been shown, however, that the timing of ovulation in women can be controlled by pheromones from the armpit. This is believed to be the explanation of the fact that women living together will frequently develop synchronized menstrual cycles.<ref name="collins2004">Pheromone. (n.d.) Collins Dictionary of Medicine. (2004, 2005). Retrieved June 11 2021 from https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pheromone</ref>
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==Pheromones in humans==
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Pheromones are important in many animal species but, until recently, were thought to be unimportant in humans.<ref>{{REFjournal
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|last=Cohn
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|first=
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|init=BA
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|author-link=
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|etal=no
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|title=In Search of Human Skin Pheromones
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|journal=JAMA Dermatology
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|location=
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|date=1994-08
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|volume=130
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|issue=8
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|article=
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|page=
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|pages=1048-51
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|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/555981
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|archived=
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|quote=
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|pubmedID=8053704
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|pubmedCID=
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|DOI=10.1001/archderm.1994.01690080114018
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|accessdate=2021-06-11
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}}</ref> It has now been shown, however, that the timing of ovulation in women can be controlled by pheromones from the armpit. This is believed to be the explanation of the fact that women living together will frequently develop synchronized menstrual cycles.<ref>{{REFjournal
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|last=Stern
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|first=Kahleen
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|init=
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|author-link=
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|last2=McClitock
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|first2=Martha K.
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|init2=
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|author2-link=
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|etal=no
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|title=Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones
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|journal=Nature
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|location=
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|date=1998-03-12
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|volume=392
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|issue=
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|article=
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|page=
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|pages=177-9
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|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/32408
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|archived=
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|quote=
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|pubmedID=9515961
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|pubmedCID=
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|DOI=
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|accessdate=2021-06-11
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}}</ref><ref name="collins2004">{{REFweb
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|last=Anonymous
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|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pheromone
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|title=Pheromone
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|website=Collins Dictionary of Medicine
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|date=2004
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|accessdate=2021-06-12
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}}</ref>
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Fleiss et al. (1998) reported that the moisture found under the [[foreskin]] contains pheromones such as androsterone and others.<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998">{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}</ref>
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Androsterone is found in the human axilla and [[skin]] as well as in the [[urine]]. It may also be secreted by human sebaceous glands. It is described as having a musky odor similar to that of androstenol. Androsterone has been found to affect human behavior when smelled.<ref>{{REFbook
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|last=Maiworm
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|init=RE
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|author-link=
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|last2=Langthaler
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|init2=WU
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|author2-link=
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|year=1992
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|title=Influence of Androstenol and Androsterone on the Evalulation of Men of Varying Attractiveness Levels
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|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4757-9655-1_88
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|work=Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 6
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|editor=Richard L. Doty, Dietland Müller-Schwarze
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|edition=
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|volume=
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|chapter=
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|pages=575-9
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|location=New York
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|publisher=Springer
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|isbn=978-1-4757-9657-5
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|quote=
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|accessdate=2021-06-12
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|note=
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}}</ref>
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==Conclusion==
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Many find the musky fragrance of the [[intact]] human [[foreskin]] to be attractive, stimulating, and even arousing, not only because of the musk, but because of the pheromones which also are present.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://www.quora.com/Is-the-musky-smell-of-the-male-genital-area-attractive-or-pleasant?share=1
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|title=Is the musky smell of the male genital area attractive or pleasant?
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|last=
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|first=
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|website=Quora
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|accessdate=2021-06-12
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}}</ref> While the evidence accumulated to date is not strong, there is evidence that the [[foreskin]] does emit pheromones.
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{{SEEALSO}}
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* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
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* [[Preputial sac]]
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* [[Smegma]]
  
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
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[[Category:Male sexuality]]
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[[Category:Physiology]]
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[[Category:Term]]
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[[de:Pheromon]]

Latest revision as of 17:04, 15 June 2024

A pheromone is a type of ectohormone secreted by an individual and perceived by a second individual of the same or similar species, thereby producing a change in the sexual or social behavior of that individual.[1]

Pheromones in humans

Pheromones are important in many animal species but, until recently, were thought to be unimportant in humans.[2] It has now been shown, however, that the timing of ovulation in women can be controlled by pheromones from the armpit. This is believed to be the explanation of the fact that women living together will frequently develop synchronized menstrual cycles.[3][4]

Fleiss et al. (1998) reported that the moisture found under the foreskin contains pheromones such as androsterone and others.[5]

Androsterone is found in the human axilla and skin as well as in the urine. It may also be secreted by human sebaceous glands. It is described as having a musky odor similar to that of androstenol. Androsterone has been found to affect human behavior when smelled.[6]

Conclusion

Many find the musky fragrance of the intact human foreskin to be attractive, stimulating, and even arousing, not only because of the musk, but because of the pheromones which also are present.[7] While the evidence accumulated to date is not strong, there is evidence that the foreskin does emit pheromones.

See also

References

  1. ↑ REFweb (2012). Pheromone, Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  2. ↑ REFjournal Cohn BA. In Search of Human Skin Pheromones. JAMA Dermatology. August 1994; 130(8): 1048-51. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  3. ↑ REFjournal Stern, Kahleen, McClitock, Martha K.. Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones. Nature. 12 March 1998; 392: 177-9. PMID. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  4. ↑ REFweb Anonymous (2004). Pheromone, Collins Dictionary of Medicine. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  5. ↑ REFjournal Fleiss P, Hodges F, Van Howe RS. Immunological functions of the human prepuce. Sex Trans Infect. October 1998; 74(5): 364-67. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  6. ↑ REFbook Maiworm RE, Langthaler WU (1992): Influence of Androstenol and Androsterone on the Evalulation of Men of Varying Attractiveness Levels. Work: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 6. Richard L. Doty, Dietland Müller-Schwarze (ed.). New York: Springer. Pp. 575-9. ISBN 978-1-4757-9657-5. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  7. ↑ REFweb Is the musky smell of the male genital area attractive or pleasant?, Quora. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
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