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| data4        = [[Ronald Gray]]
| data5        = [[Maria Wawer]]
| data5        = [[Maria Wawer]]
| data6        = [[Thomas Quinn]]
| data6        = [[Thomas C. Quinn]]
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'''Aaron A.R. Tobian''' is Assistant Professor of Pathology for the [[Johns Hopkins]] Center for Global Health.<ref>{{REFweb
'''Aaron A.R. Tobian''', {{MD}}, {{PhD}}, is Assistant Professor of Pathology for the [[Johns Hopkins]] Center for Global Health.<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=Tobian  
  |last=Tobian  
  |first=Aaron  
  |first=Aaron  
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  |url=http://www.hopkinsglobalhealth.org/researchers/profile/5175/Tobian/Aaron
  |url=http://www.hopkinsglobalhealth.org/researchers/profile/5175/Tobian/Aaron
  |accessdate=2011-10-07
  |accessdate=2011-10-07
}}</ref> He has a son he claims he circumcised on the basis of the 3 African trials.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> He has a son he claims he [[circumcised]] on the basis of the 3 African trials.<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=Elizabeth Cohen, CNN Senior Medical Correspondent
  |last=Elizabeth Cohen, CNN Senior Medical Correspondent
  |first=
  |first=
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  |accessdate=2021-07-30
  |accessdate=2021-07-30
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
{{PUB}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Yang
|first=
|init=P
|author-link=
|last2=Zhu
|first2=
|init2=X
|author2-link=
|last3=Patel
|first3=
|init3=EU
|author3-link=
|last4=Quin
|first4=
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Grabowski
|first5=
|init5=MK
|author5-link=
|last6=Tobian
|first6=
|init6=AAR
|author6-link=Aaron Tobian
|etal=no
|title=Trends in Circumcision Among Newborn Males in the US
|trans-title=
|journal=JAMA Pediatrics
|location=
|date=2025-09-15
|article=e252464
|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2838312
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=40952753
|pubmedCID=12439174
|DOI=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.2464
|accessdate=2025-09-18
}}
==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
=== Population-based studies ===
{{Population-based studies}}
===Two African surveys===
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref></blockquote>
== Personal life ==
Tobian owes an apology to his son for the [[circumcision]] that was performed for false reasons, and the resulting [[pain]], and [[trauma]] .
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Johns Hopkins]] -- Assistant Professor of Pathology  
* [[Circumcised doctors]]
* [[Ronald Gray]] -- Benefactor
* [[Johns Hopkins]] — Assistant Professor of Pathology  
* [[Maria Wawer]] -- Benefactor
* [[Ronald Gray]] — Benefactor
* [[Thomas Quinn]] -- Benefactor
* [[Maria Wawer]] — Benefactor
 
* [[Thomas C. Quinn]] — Benefactor
* [[United States of America]]
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


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[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Male]]
[[Category:Male]]
 
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:Circumfetish]]
[[Category:Circumfetish]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]


[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:USA]]


[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
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