Posttraumatic stress disorder: Difference between revisions
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}}</ref> Prior to that time, the condition was variously called ''shell [[shock]]'' or ''combat fatigue''. | }}</ref> Prior to that time, the condition was variously called ''shell [[shock]]'' or ''combat fatigue''. | ||
The following text is quoted from the | The following text is quoted from the {{WikipediaQuote|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder|title=Post-traumatic stress disorder}} | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
''' | '''Post-traumatic stress disorder''' ('''PTSD''') may develop after a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as major stress, sexual assault, terrorism, or other threats on a person's life.<ref>American Psychiatric Association (2013). ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 271–280. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.</ref> The diagnosis may be given when a group of symptoms, such as disturbing recurring flashbacks, avoidance or numbing of memories of the event, and hyperarousal, continue for more than a month after the occurrence of a traumatic event. | ||
Most people having experienced a traumatizing event will not develop PTSD.<ref>National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK) (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56494/ "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Management of PTSD in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care"]. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 26. Gaskell (Royal College of Psychiatrists). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0015848/ Lay summary] – Pubmed Health (plain English).</ref> People who experience assault-based trauma are more likely to develop PTSD, as opposed to people who experience non-assault based trauma such as witnessing trauma, accidents, and fire events.<ref>Zoladz, Phillip (June 2013). "Current status on behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: A search for clarity in a conflicting literature". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37 (5): 860-895. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2013.03.024</ref> Children are less likely to experience PTSD after trauma than adults, especially if they are under ten years of age. War veterans are commonly at risk for PTSD. | Most people having experienced a traumatizing event will not develop PTSD.<ref>National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK) (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56494/ "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Management of PTSD in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care"]. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 26. Gaskell (Royal College of Psychiatrists). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0015848/ Lay summary] – Pubmed Health (plain English).</ref> People who experience assault-based trauma are more likely to develop PTSD, as opposed to people who experience non-assault based trauma such as witnessing trauma, accidents, and fire events.<ref>Zoladz, Phillip (June 2013). "Current status on behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: A search for clarity in a conflicting literature". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37 (5): 860-895. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2013.03.024</ref> Children are less likely to experience PTSD after trauma than adults, especially if they are under ten years of age. War veterans are commonly at risk for PTSD. | ||
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===Child circumcision as a traumatizing event=== | ===Child circumcision as a traumatizing event=== | ||
When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook | When an infant boy is to be [[circumcised]], it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose called a [[circumstraint]]. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "''physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable''."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook | ||
|last=van der Kolk | |last=van der Kolk | ||
|first=Bessel | |first=Bessel | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
John Rhinehart, M. D., (1999) a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients pursuant to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal | John Rhinehart, M. D., (1999) a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of [[PTSD]] in his adult male patients pursuant to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Rhinehart | |last=Rhinehart | ||
|first=John | |first=John | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Of the boys who had a ''[[tuli]]'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref>{{REFjournal | Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''[[tuli]]'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Boyle | |last=Boyle | ||
|first=Gregory J. | |first=Gregory J. | ||
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* Flashbacks—reliving the traumatic event, and feeling like it happening right now including physical symptoms such as a racing heart or sweating. | * Flashbacks—reliving the traumatic event, and feeling like it happening right now including physical symptoms such as a racing heart or sweating. | ||
* Reoccurring memories or nightmares related to the event. | * Reoccurring memories or [[nightmares]] related to the event. | ||
* Distressing and intrusive thoughts or images. | * Distressing and intrusive thoughts or images. | ||
* Physical sensations like sweating, trembling, pain or feeling sick. | * Physical sensations like sweating, trembling, pain or feeling sick. | ||
Thoughts and feelings can trigger these symptoms, as well as words, objects, or situations that are reminders of the event. | Thoughts and feelings can trigger these symptoms, as well as words, objects, or situations that are reminders of the event. | ||
===Alertness and Reactivity Symptoms=== | ===Alertness and Reactivity Symptoms=== | ||
You may be ‘jittery’, or always alert and on the lookout for danger. You might suddenly become angry or irritable. | You may be ‘jittery’, or always alert and on the lookout for danger. You might suddenly become angry or irritable. | ||
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{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)]] | |||
* [[ | * [[Circumstraint]] | ||
* [[Pain]] | * [[Pain]] | ||
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]] | * [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]] | ||
* [[Psychiatrist Discusses the Lasting Trauma of Circumcision]] | * [[Psychiatrist Discusses the Lasting Trauma of Circumcision]] | ||
* [[Trauma]] | * [[Trauma]] | ||
* [[Tuli]] | |||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{REFweb | * {{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/trauma-and-children-newborns-to-two-years | |url=https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/trauma-and-children-newborns-to-two-years | ||
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|quote=It’s normal for children to exhibit some of these behaviors in the first weeks after a significant trauma occurs. But if the behaviors persist more than 3 months after the initial event, treatment may be needed. | |quote=It’s normal for children to exhibit some of these behaviors in the first weeks after a significant trauma occurs. But if the behaviors persist more than 3 months after the initial event, treatment may be needed. | ||
}} | }} | ||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/CityCrusherYT/comments/1p16jt1/male_circumcision_mgm_and_ptsd/ | |||
|title=Male circumcision (MGM) and PTSD | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-11-19 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-23 | |||
}} | |||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
[[Category:Circumcision risk]] | |||
[[Category:Pain]] | [[Category:Pain]] | ||
[[Category:Psychology]] | [[Category:Psychology]] | ||
[[Category:Trauma]] | |||
[[de:Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung]] | [[de:Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung]] | ||