Douglas Gairdner: Difference between revisions

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  |issue=6322
  |issue=6322
  |pages=1105–6
  |pages=1105–6
  |url=
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497911/pdf/bmjcred00601-0041.pdf
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=20741753
  |pubmedID=20741753
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  |DOI=10.1136/bmj.284.6322.1105
  |DOI=10.1136/bmj.284.6322.1105
  |date=1982
  |date=1982
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=2023-03-23
}}</ref> Gairdner's father died in 1928, when Gairdner was 17 years of age.
}}</ref> Gairdner's father died in 1928, when Gairdner was 17 years of age.


Gairdner attended Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow; Dragon School, Oxford; and Gresham's School, Holt, Norfolk.<ref name="obit"/> He went to school with W. H. Auden and Benjamin Britten and sang madrigals with classmate Peter Pears.<ref name="obit"/>
Gairdner attended [https://www.kelvinside.org/ Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow]; [https://www.dragonschool.org/ Dragon School, Oxford]; and [https://www.greshams.com/ Gresham's School, Holt, Norfolk].<ref name="obit"/> He went to school with W. H. Auden and Benjamin Britten and sang madrigals with classmate Peter Pears.<ref name="obit"/>


He read chemistry at the {{UNI|University of Oxford|Oxon}} but switched to medicine, did clinical training at Middlesex Hospital and was awarded his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 1936.<ref name="obit"/> He did his residency (house physician) in paediatrics at The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street in Bloomsbury, London in 1937-8.<ref name="obit"/><ref name="spence"/> Gairdner described his experience there in a memoir written a half-century later. He wrote, "I recall the sheer enjoyment of working there, but also the periods of overwhelming exhaustion."<ref>{{REFjournal
He read chemistry at the {{UNI|University of Oxford|Oxon}} but switched to medicine, did clinical training at Middlesex Hospital and was awarded his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 1936.<ref name="obit"/> He did his residency (house physician) in paediatrics at [https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/| The Hospital for Sick Children], Great Ormond Street in Bloomsbury, London in 1937-8.<ref name="obit"/><ref name="spence"/> Gairdner described his experience there in a memoir written a half-century later. He wrote, "I recall the sheer enjoyment of working there, but also the periods of overwhelming exhaustion."<ref>{{REFjournal
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==Professional career==
==Professional career==


Gairdner worked as a fellow in paediatrics at Bellevue Hospital in 1939.<ref name="obit"/> During the Second World War, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps for five years, retiring with the rank of Major.<ref name="obit"/><ref name="spence"/>
Gairdner worked as a fellow in paediatrics at [https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/locations/bellevue/ Bellevue Hospital] in 1939.<ref name="obit"/> During the Second World War, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps for five years, retiring with the rank of Major.<ref name="obit"/><ref name="spence"/>


He became first assistant in the paediatric department at Newcastle upon Tyne where he began to work under Professor Sir James Calvert Spence in 1945.<ref name="spence"/> In 1948, he became a consultant paediatrician at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, and associate lecturer in paediatrics at the {{UNI|University of Cambridge|UCam}}, where he remained until his retirement in 1975.<ref name="spence"/>
He became first assistant in the paediatric department at Newcastle upon Tyne where he began to work under Professor Sir [[James Calvert Spence]] in 1945.<ref name="spence"/> In 1948, he became a consultant paediatrician at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, and associate lecturer in paediatrics at the {{UNI|University of Cambridge|UCam}}, where he remained until his retirement in 1975.<ref name="spence"/>


Gairdner's landmark 1949 article, ''The Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision'',<ref name="fate1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> was described as "a model of perceptive and pungent writing."<ref name="spence" /> It concluded that if [[circumcision]] became uncommon it would result in "the saving of about 16 children's lives lost from circumcision each year in this country..."<ref name="fate1949"/> According to Wallerstein (1985), the article "began to affect the practice of circumcision by the British".<ref>{{REFjournal
Gairdner's landmark 1949 article, ''The Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision'',<ref name="fate1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> was described as "a model of perceptive and pungent writing."<ref name="spence" /> It concluded that if [[circumcision]] became uncommon it would result in "the saving of about 16 children's lives lost from circumcision each year in this country..."<ref name="fate1949"/> According to Wallerstein (1985), the article "began to affect the practice of circumcision by the British".<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Wallerstein
  |last=Wallerstein
  |init=E
  |init=E
|author-link=Edward Wallerstein
  |title=Circumcision: the uniquely American medical enigma
  |title=Circumcision: the uniquely American medical enigma
  |journal=The Urologic clinics of North America
  |journal=The Urologic clinics of North America
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  |date=1985
  |date=1985
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref> Gairdner was pleased with the success of the article.<ref name="obit" />
}}</ref> Gairdner was pleased with the success of the article.<ref name="obit" /> The National Health Service from its inception in 1948 did not perform non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="nhschild">{{REFweb
|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-boys/
|archived=
|title=Circumcision in boys
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=National Health Service
|website=
|date=2018-11-20
|accessdate=2021-09-05
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> The article by Gairdner provided the needed scientific support for that position. The article also has been credited with initiating the decline of the practice of circumcision in [[New Zealand]].


Gairdner also opposed unnecessary tonsillectomy, drawing attention to the risks of the operation at the time (1951)<ref>{{REFjournal
Gairdner also opposed unnecessary tonsillectomy, drawing attention to the risks of the operation at the time (1951)<ref>{{REFjournal
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[[Category:Author]]
[[Category:Author]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Physician]]
[[Category:Pediatrician]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:History]]