Penile cancer: Difference between revisions
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →Infection with human papilloma virus: Improve citations |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 188: | Line 188: | ||
|volume=37 | |volume=37 | ||
|pages=55-59 | |pages=55-59 | ||
|pubmedID=3000954 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910370110 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Villa | |last=Villa | ||
| Line 199: | Line 204: | ||
|issue=6 | |issue=6 | ||
|pages=853-5 | |pages=853-5 | ||
|pubmedID=3000954 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI= | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=McCance | |last=McCance | ||
| Line 207: | Line 217: | ||
|issue=823 | |issue=823 | ||
|pages=195-206 | |pages=195-206 | ||
|pubmedID=3011085 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1016/0304-419x(86)90002-8 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Barrasso | |last=Barrasso | ||
| Line 221: | Line 236: | ||
|issue=15 | |issue=15 | ||
|pages=916-23 | |pages=916-23 | ||
|pubmedID=3041217 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI= | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref> [[Ronald L. Poland| Poland]] identified human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 as the cause of penile and cervical cancers in 1990, and that they could be spread by sexual contact.<ref name="poland1990">{{REFjournal | }}</ref> [[Ronald L. Poland| Poland]] identified human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 as the cause of penile and cervical cancers in 1990, and that they could be spread by sexual contact.<ref name="poland1990">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Poland | |last=Poland | ||
| Line 234: | Line 254: | ||
|pubmedCID= | |pubmedCID= | ||
|DOI=10.1056/NEJM199005033221811 | |DOI=10.1056/NEJM199005033221811 | ||
|accessdate=2023-09-07 | |||
}}</ref> At least one study suggests that [[circumcised]] men are at higher risk for HPV infection,<ref name="cook1993">{{REFjournal | }}</ref> At least one study suggests that [[circumcised]] men are at higher risk for HPV infection,<ref name="cook1993">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Cook | |last=Cook | ||
| Line 252: | Line 273: | ||
|doi= | |doi= | ||
|accessdate=2023-09-07 | |accessdate=2023-09-07 | ||
}}</ref> making being [[circumcised]] a risk factor. | }}</ref> making being [[circumcised]] a risk factor. | ||
===Use of tobacco=== | ===Use of tobacco=== | ||
| Line 273: | Line 294: | ||
|issue=6609 | |issue=6609 | ||
|pages=1306-8 | |pages=1306-8 | ||
}}</ref>The use of tobacco has since been a well established risk factor in cancer of the penis.<ref>{{REFjournal | |pubmedID=3120988 | ||
|pubmedCID=1248379 | |||
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.295.6609.1306 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref> The use of tobacco has since been a well established risk factor in cancer of the penis.<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Harish | |last=Harish | ||
|init=K | |init=K | ||
| Line 285: | Line 311: | ||
|issue=3 | |issue=3 | ||
|pages=375-377 | |pages=375-377 | ||
|pubmedID=7735804 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1995.tb07352.x | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Rogus | |last=Rogus | ||
| Line 294: | Line 325: | ||
|issue=4 | |issue=4 | ||
|pages=861-2 | |pages=861-2 | ||
|pubmedID=3656549 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)43402-1 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Maden | |last=Maden | ||
| Line 304: | Line 340: | ||
|date=1993-01-06 | |date=1993-01-06 | ||
|pages=19-24 | |pages=19-24 | ||
|pubmedID=8380060 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1093/jnci/85.1.19 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 320: | Line 361: | ||
|issue=2 | |issue=2 | ||
|pages=199-203 | |pages=199-203 | ||
|pubmedID=2547727 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910440202 | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2023-09-08 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
===Circumcision as a risk factor=== | ===Circumcision as a risk factor=== | ||
| Line 361: | Line 408: | ||
|issue=7264 | |issue=7264 | ||
|pages=792-3 | |pages=792-3 | ||
|pubmedID= | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI= | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2022-03-13 | |accessdate=2022-03-13 | ||
}}</ref> Adult males with a non-retractable [[foreskin]] who are sexually active may want to have the phimotic condition corrected. (For conservative treatment options, see [[phimosis]].) | }}</ref> Adult males with a non-retractable [[foreskin]] who are sexually active may want to have the phimotic condition corrected. (For conservative treatment options, see [[phimosis]].) | ||