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{| class="infobox vcard" style="175px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"  
|-  
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| [[Image:Ronaldgray.jpg|175px]]
| [[Image:Ronaldgray.jpg|175px]]
|-
| align="center" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
|-
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Married To:'''
| align="center" | '''Married To:'''
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| align="center" | '''Colleagues & Benefactors:'''
| align="center" | '''Colleagues & Benefactors:'''
|-
|-
| align="center" | [[Maria Wawer]]<br>[[Robert C. Bailey]]<br>[[Bertran Auvert]]<br>[[Brian J. Morris]]<br>[[Aaron Tobian]]<br>[[Thomas Quinn]]
| align="center" | [[Maria Wawer]]<br>[[Robert C. Bailey]]<br>[[Bertran Auvert]]<br>[[Brian J. Morris]]<br>[[Aaron Tobian]]<br>[[Thomas C. Quinn]]
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Funded By:'''
| align="center" | '''Funded By:'''
|-
|-
| align="center" | [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]]<br>[[Johns Hopkins]]<br>[[National Institutes of Health]]
| align="center" | [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]<br>[[Johns Hopkins]]<br>[[National Institutes of Health]]
|-
|-
| align="right" | [[Image:Gray and Wawer.jpg|175px]]<br>Ronald Gray with his wife, and<br>colleague, [[Maria Wawer]].
| align="right" | [[Image:Gray and Wawer.jpg|175px]]<br>Ronald Gray with his wife, and<br>colleague, [[Maria Wawer]].
|}
|}


Ronald Gray is a North American circumcision proponent and biased researcher looking for justifications to roll-out mass circumcision programs around the world. He headed one of the three RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as HIV prevention.<ref>
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a North American circumcision proponent and biased researcher looking for justifications to roll-out mass [[circumcision]] programs around the world. He headed one of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention.<ref>{{REFweb
{{cite web
|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
  | url = http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/infopack_en_1.pdf
|title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention (Insert 1)
  | title = Information Package on Male Ci rcumcision and HIV Prevention
  |url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_1.pdf
  | accessdate = 2011-05-07
|format=PDF
  | publisher = World Health Organization
|date=2007-03-26
}}
|accessdate=2020-03-26
</ref> At [[Rakai Project|their clinic]], a music video promoting circumcision plays continuously.<ref>
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
{{cite web
|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
  | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=8m37s
  |title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention (Insert 2) (Document unreadable!)
| title = Rakai Project
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_2.pdf
  | accessdate = 2011-04-10
|format=PDF
| date = 2010-10-01
|date=2007-03-26
| work = JohnsHopkinsSPH
  |accessdate=2020-03-26
| publisher = YouTube
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
}}
  |last=WHO (World Health Organization)
</ref><ref>
|title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention (Insert 3)
{{cite web
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_3.pdf
  | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q
|format=PDF
  | title = Rakai Male Circumcision Video By Stephen Mugamba Feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg
|date=2007-03-26
  | accessdate = 2011-04-10
|accessdate=2020-03-26
| date = 2010-06-06
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
| work = smugamba
|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
| publisher = YouTube
|title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention (Insert 4)
}}
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_4.pdf
</ref> He sometimes goes by the name Ron.<ref name="Morris-Cancer">
|format=PDF
{{cite journal
|date=2007-03-26
  | title = The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision Against Cancer of the Penis
|accessdate=2020-03-26
  | journal = Advanced in Urology
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
  | date = 2011-03-09
|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
  | first = Brian James
|title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention (Insert 5)
  | last = Morris
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_5.pdf
  | coauthors = Ron Gray, Xavier Castellsagué, F. Xavier Bosch, Daniel T. Halperin, C. A. Hankins, and Jake H. Waskett
|format=PDF
  | id =
|date=2008-11-05
  | url = http://www.hindawi.com/journals/au/aip/812368/
|accessdate=2020-03-26
  | accessdate = 2011-03-13
}}</ref> At [[Rakai Project|their clinic]], a music video promoting [[circumcision]] plays continuously.<ref>{{REFweb
|last=JohnsHopkinsSPH
|first=
|date=2010-10-01
|title=Rakai Project
  |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=8m37s
  |accessdate=2011-04-10
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
  |last=smugamba
|first=
|date=2010-06-06
  |title=Rakai Male Circumcision Video By Stephen Mugamba Feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q
  |accessdate=2011-04-10
}}</ref> He sometimes goes by the name Ron.<ref name="Morris-Cancer">{{REFjournal
  |last=Morris
  |first=Brian J.
  |init=BJ
|author-link=Brian J. Morris
|last2=Gray
  |first2=Ronald H.
  |init2=RH
  |author2-link=Ronald H. Gray
|last3=Castellsagué
|first3=Xavier
|init3=X
|last4=Bosch
|first4=F. Xavier
|init4=FX
|last5=Halperin
|first5=Daniel T.
|init5=DT
|last6=Hankins
|init6=CA
|last7=Waskett
|first7=Jake H.
|init7=JH
|author7-link=Jake H. Waskett
  |date=2011-03-09
|title=The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision Against Cancer of the Penis
|journal=Advanced in Urology
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
  |url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/au/aip/812368/
  |accessdate=2011-03-13
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Ronald Gray's RCT ==
== Ronald Gray's RCT ==
Of the three RCTs being used by the WHO to promote circumcision as HIV prevention, Gray supervised the RCT that was carried out in Uganda.<ref>Gray RH. Kigozi G, Serwadda D, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet 2007;369:557-66.</ref> Two other RCTs were supervised by [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Bertran Auvert]] respectively. All three RCTs were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'> {{cite web | url = http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org | title = The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection | accessdate = 2011-03-05 | date = 2008 | publisher = Doctors Opposing Circumcision | archiveurl = http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html | archivedate = 2011-03-05 | quote = ...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa.}}</ref>
Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to promote circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention, Gray supervised the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Uganda.<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref> Two other {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s were supervised by [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Bertran Auvert]] respectively. All three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
|quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials ({{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s) in Africa.
|last=
|first=
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
|date=2008
|title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection
|url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html
|accessdate=2011-03-05
}}</ref>


In 2010,<ref>
In 2010,<ref>{{REFjournal
{{cite journal
|last=Gray
  | author=Gray RH, Bailey RC, Morris BJ
|init=RH
  | title=Keratinization of the adult male foreskin and implications for male circumcision
  |author-link=Ronald H. Gray
  | journal=AIDS
|last2=Bailey
  | volume=24
|init2=RC
  | issue=9
|last3=Morris
  | pages=1381; author reply 1381–2
|init3=BJ
  | year=2010
|author3-link=Brian J. Morris
  | month=June
|date=June 2010
| pmid=20559044
  |title=Keratinization of the adult male foreskin and implications for male circumcision
  | doi=10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283392555
  |journal=AIDS
  |volume=24
  |issue=9
  |pages=1381; author reply 1381–2
  |url=
  |pubmedID=20559044
  |DOI=10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283392555
|accessdate=
}}</ref> and again in 2011,<ref name="Morris-Cancer"/> Gray published studies with [[Brian J. Morris]].
}}</ref> and again in 2011,<ref name="Morris-Cancer"/> Gray published studies with [[Brian J. Morris]].


 
The three RCTs that purport to show that [[circumcision]] reduces [[HIV]] infection have been completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in [[HIV]] was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> [[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] & Matthews (2019) report that [[circumcised]] men have as much [[HIV]] infection as [[intact]] men.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|last2=Matthews
|init2=A
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia: expectations and observations
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Science
|location=
|date=2019-10-01
|volume=14
|issue=
|pages=1-13
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31608845
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932019000634
|accessdate=2020-03-25
}}</ref>


== Quotes ==
== Quotes ==
{{Quote box
{{Citation
  |title =  
  |Title=
  |quote = <span style="background:#d7f5ff">We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease.</span> It's a completely new concept, a new paradigm. How can we train all the surgeons to do this procedure and equip them.
  |Text=<span style="background:#d7f5ff">We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease.</span> It's a completely new concept, a new paradigm. How can we train all the surgeons to do this procedure and equip them.
  |source = <small>--Ronald Gray. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BHR9rnoelc#t=1m51s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2009). ''Impact''.]</small>
  |Author=[[Ronald H. Gray]]
|align = left
|Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
|width = 55%
|ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BHR9rnoelc#t=1m51s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2009). ''Impact''.]</ref>
|quoted = yes
}}
}}


{{Citation
|Title=
|Text=It's been hard to change policy, because <span style="background:#d7f5ff">this is a whole new paradigm.</span> We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers have to really take some time to wrap their minds around it.
|Author=[[Ronald H. Gray]]
|Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
|ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=7m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2010). ''Rakai project.'']</ref>
}}


{{Quote box
{{Citation
  |title =  
  |Title=
  |quote = It's been hard to change policy, because <span style="background:#d7f5ff">this is a whole new paradigm.</span> We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers have to really take some time to wrap their minds around it.
  |Text=It's taken longer than I would like to see these programs emerge.
  |source = <small>--Ronald Gray.  [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=7m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2010). ''Rakai project.'']</small>
|Author=[[Ronald H. Gray]]
|align = left
|Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
|width = 55%
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=7m59s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2010). ''Rakai project.'']</ref>
|quoted = yes
}}
}}


{{Citation
|Title=The Latest Fight Over Foreskin
|Text=If you were to ask me, should the U.S. be promoting circumcision, my answer would be, ‘no,’ What I do think ought to be the policy is that parents should be informed about the potential protective effects.
|Author=[[Ronald H. Gray]]
|Source=N.Y. Times
|ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/weekinreview/30rabin.html?_r=0 N.Y. Times, The Latest Fight Over Foreskin, (8/29/2009).]</ref>
}}


== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}


{{Quote box
{{SEEALSO}}
|title =
* [[Bias]]
|quote = It's taken longer than I would like to see these programs emerge.
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
|source = <small>--Ronald Gray.  [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=7m59s JohnsHopkinsSPH, (2010). ''Rakai project.'']</small>
* [[Circumcised doctors]]
|align = left
* [[United States of America]]
|width = 55%
{{REF}}
|quoted = yes
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Ronald H.}}


{{Quote box
[[Category:Person]]
|title = The Latest Fight Over Foreskin
[[Category:Male]]
|quote = If you were to ask me, should the U.S. be promoting circumcision, my answer would be, ‘no,’ What I do think ought to be the policy is that parents should be informed about the potential protective effects.
|source = <small>--Ronald Gray.  [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/weekinreview/30rabin.html?_r=0 N.Y. Times, The Latest Fight Over Foreskin, (8/29/2009).]</small>
|align = left
|width = 55%
|quoted = yes
}}
<BR CLEAR="all">


==References==
[[Category:Promoter]]
<div class='references-small'>
[[Category:Circumcision fetishist]]
<references/>
[[Category:Researcher]]
</div>
[[Category:Author]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]


[[Category:People|Gray, Ronald H.]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa|Gray, Ronald H.]]
[[Category:Researchers|Gray, Ronald H.]]
[[Category:CircLeaks]]


[[Category:Construction Site]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Ronald_H._Gray"