Difference between revisions of "Bill Clinton"
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| − | | [[Image:Stephen Lewis.jpg|175px]] | + | | [[Image:Stephen Lewis with Bill Clinton.jpg|175px|center]] |
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| + | | align="center" | Stephen Lewis with [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | ||
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| align="center" | '''Benefactors:''' | | align="center" | '''Benefactors:''' | ||
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| − | Bill Clinton served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He still makes public appearances and regularly endorses and promotes male circumcision, often teaming up with other circumcision advocates such as former [[UNAIDS]] leader, [[Stephen H. Lewis|Stephen Lewis]], and Microsoft co-founder [[Bill Gates]]. | + | '''Bill Clinton''' served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He still makes public appearances and regularly endorses and promotes male [[circumcision]], often teaming up with other circumcision advocates such as former [[UNAIDS]] leader, [[Stephen H. Lewis|Stephen Lewis]], and Microsoft co-founder [[Bill Gates]]. |
| − | |||
| − | == Bill Clinton's | + | == Bill Clinton's circumcision advocacy == |
| − | At the 16th International Conference on AIDS, former US President Bill Clinton called for the world to prepare to tackle the cultural taboos surrounding circumcision, claiming it protects men and the women they sleep with from AIDS. Clinton went on to say that the United States is spending more to fight HIV than any other government. Clinton joined Microsoft co-founder [[Bill Gates]] in praising President George W. Bush's [[President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]] (PEPFAR).<ref>{{REFnews | + | At the 16th International Conference on [[AIDS]], former US President Bill Clinton called for the world to prepare to tackle the cultural taboos surrounding circumcision, claiming it protects men and the women they sleep with from [[AIDS]]. Clinton went on to say that the [[United States]] is spending more to fight [[HIV]] than any other government. Clinton joined Microsoft co-founder [[Bill Gates]] in praising President George W. Bush's [[PEPFAR|President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]] (PEPFAR).<ref name="Ynetnews2006">{{REFnews |
| − | | last= Brackman | + | |last= Brackman |
| − | | first=Rabbi Levi | + | |first=Rabbi Levi |
| − | | | + | |first2=Rivkah |
| − | | url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3291902,00.html | + | |last2=Lubitch |
| − | | title=Clinton: Circumcision - the answer to AIDS | + | |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3291902,00.html |
| − | | date= | + | |title=Clinton: Circumcision - the answer to AIDS |
| − | | publisher=Reuters, Ynetnews | + | |date=2006-08-16 |
| − | | quote= | + | |publisher=Reuters, Ynetnews |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |quote= |
| + | |accessdate= | ||
}}</ref> Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision.<ref>{{REFnews | }}</ref> Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision.<ref>{{REFnews | ||
| − | | last=Lisa | + | |last=Lisa |
| − | | first | + | |first= |
| − | + | |url=http://thelondonfog.blogspot.com/2006/08/bill-clinton-ponders-mandatory.html | |
| − | | url=http://thelondonfog.blogspot.com/2006/08/bill-clinton-ponders-mandatory.html | + | |title= Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision |
| − | | title= Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision | + | |date=2006-08-16 |
| − | | date= | + | |publisher=The London Fog |
| − | | publisher=The London Fog | + | |quote= |
| − | | quote= | + | |accessdate= |
| − | | accessdate= | ||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews | }}</ref><ref>{{REFnews | ||
| − | | last=Boseley | + | |last=Boseley |
| − | | first=Sarah | + | |first=Sarah |
| − | + | |url=http://toolserver.org/~magnus/makeref.php | |
| − | | url=http://toolserver.org/~magnus/makeref.php | + | |title=Circumcision may be the answer to Aids, says Clinton |
| − | | title=Circumcision may be the answer to Aids, says Clinton | + | |date=2006-08-16 |
| − | | date= | + | |publisher=The Guardian |
| − | | publisher=The Guardian | + | |quote= |
| − | | quote= | + | |accessdate= |
| − | | accessdate= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
== Quotes == | == Quotes == | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
| − | | Title=Quote published in 'Jewish World' | + | |Title=Quote published in 'Jewish World' |
| − | | Text=...we will have a big job to do. It is important that as we leave here we all be prepared for a green light that could have a staggering impact on the male population but that will be frankly a lot of trouble to get done. | + | |Text=...we will have a big job to do. It is important that as we leave here we all be prepared for a green light that could have a staggering impact on the male population but that will be frankly a lot of trouble to get done. |
| − | | Author=Clinton | + | |Author=Clinton |
| − | | Source=Reuters | + | |Source=Reuters |
| − | + | |ref=<ref name="Ynetnews2006"/> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | | ref=<ref | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | == Population-based studies == | ||
| + | {{Population-based studies}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Two African surveys== | ||
| + | The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. | ||
| + | |||
| + | French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported: | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Garenne | ||
| + | |first=Michel | ||
| + | |init=M | ||
| + | |author-link=Michel Garenne | ||
| + | |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho | ||
| + | |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ | ||
| + | |date=2022-04-04 | ||
| + | |journal=J Biosoc Sci | ||
| + | |volume=online ahead of print | ||
| + | |pages=1-16 | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 | ||
| + | |pubmedID=35373731 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-10-28 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | </blockquote> | ||
| + | In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported: | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Garenne | ||
| + | |first=Michael | ||
| + | |init=M | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=J Biosoc Sci | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=2022-10-26 | ||
| + | |season= | ||
| + | |volume= | ||
| + | |issue= | ||
| + | |article= | ||
| + | |page= | ||
| + | |pages=1-13 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=36286328 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-10-27 | ||
| + | }}</ref></blockquote> | ||
| + | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
| + | * [[Circumcision and HIV]] | ||
| + | * [[United States of America]] | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | {{DEFAULTSORT:Clinton, Bill}} |
| − | [[Category: | + | |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Person]] |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Male]] |
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| + | [[Category:Promoter]] | ||
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| + | [[Category:Circumcision in Africa]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:USA]] |
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| + | [[Category:From CircLeaks]] | ||
[[Category:From IntactWiki]] | [[Category:From IntactWiki]] | ||
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| + | [[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:44, 24 April 2024
 |
| Stephen Lewis with Bill Clinton |
| Benefactors: |
| Stephen H. Lewis Bill Gates |
| Associates with: |
| Stephen Lewis Foundation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
Bill Clinton served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He still makes public appearances and regularly endorses and promotes male circumcision, often teaming up with other circumcision advocates such as former UNAIDS leader, Stephen Lewis, and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates.
Contents
Bill Clinton's circumcision advocacy
At the 16th International Conference on AIDS, former US President Bill Clinton called for the world to prepare to tackle the cultural taboos surrounding circumcision, claiming it protects men and the women they sleep with from AIDS. Clinton went on to say that the United States is spending more to fight HIV than any other government. Clinton joined Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates in praising President George W. Bush's President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).[1] Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision.[2][3]
Quotes
| “ | Quote published in 'Jewish World' ...we will have a big job to do. It is important that as we leave here we all be prepared for a green light that could have a staggering impact on the male population but that will be frankly a lot of trouble to get done. – Clinton (Reuters)[1] |
Population-based studies
September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of circumcision and HIV infection:
- Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, Canada (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.[4]
- Morten Frisch & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in Denmark of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.[5]
No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study. There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have not been effective in preventing HIV infection.
Two African surveys
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist Michel Garenne, Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in circumcised and intact men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.[6]
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that circumcised and intact men had similar levels of HIV infection."[7]
See also
References
- ↑ a b
Brackman, Rabbi Levi / Rivkah Lubitch (16 August 2006)."Clinton: Circumcision - the answer to AIDS", Reuters, Ynetnews.
- ↑ Lisa (16 August 2006)."Bill Clinton ponders mandatory circumcision", The London Fog.
- ↑ Boseley, Sarah (16 August 2006)."Circumcision may be the answer to Aids, says Clinton", The Guardian.
- ↑
Mayan M, Hamilton RJ, Juurlink DN, Austin PC, Jarvi KA. Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada. J Urol. 23 September 2021; PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
Quote:We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
- ↑ Frisch M, Simonsen J. Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark. Eur J Epidemiol. 26 September 2021; 37: 251–9. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ↑ Garenne M. Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho. J Biosoc Sci. 4 April 2022; online ahead of print: 1-16. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ↑ Garenne M. Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 26 October 2022; : 1-13. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
