Phimosis: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Phimosis.jpg|thumb|An erect penis with a case of phimosis]] | [[File:Phimosis.jpg|thumb|An erect penis with a case of phimosis]] | ||
'''Phimosis''' (''fɪˈmoʊsɨs'' or ''faɪˈmoʊsɨs'', from the Greek ''phimos'' (φῑμός "muzzle"), is a | '''Phimosis''' (''fɪˈmoʊsɨs'' or ''faɪˈmoʊsɨs'', from the Greek ''phimos'' (φῑμός "muzzle"), in adults is a natural variant of the [[penis]] in which the [[foreskin]] cannot be fully retracted over the [[glans penis]] to uncover and expose the [[glans penis]] that occurs in about five percent of [[foreskinned]] adult males.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Phimosis|Phimosis|2019-09-25}}</ref> A medical dictionary defines phimosis as "Tightness of the foreskin (prepuce) of such degree as to prevent retraction. This may be congenital or the result of inflammation. Severe phimosis that interferes with urination is an indication for circumcision. From the Greek <i>phmoun</i>, to gag or muzzle."<ref>{REFweb | ||
= | |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phimosis | ||
|title=Phimosis | |||
|last= | |last=Youngson | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
|init= | |init=RM | ||
|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
| | |publisher=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phimosis | ||
|date=2005 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-05 | |||
|date= | |||
|accessdate= | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Some | Phimosis is classed as [[physiological phimosis]] or [[pathological phimosis]]. The physiological phimosis condition in adults is a natural variant, not a disease, so it does not threaten health. Men may elect to treat it or not treat it. Some men live their entire lives with a non-retractile foreskin. [[Sex with phimosis| They are able to have sexual intercourse and father children]]. | ||
[[Adult circumcision]] is an <i>elective</i> surgical [[amputation]]. One choses to be [[circumcised]] and must first grant [[informed consent]]. When a man states, "<b>I had to have a circumcision</b>," it is usually a lie. | |||
==Positive aspects of phimosis== | |||
Artificial intelligence produced this list of advantages: | |||
* <b>Increased Sensitivity:</b> Some people report heightened sensitivity due to the [[foreskin]] covering the [[glans]], which may enhance pleasure. | |||
* <b>Natural Protection:</b> The [[foreskin]] acts as a barrier, potentially reducing exposure to irritants and infections. | |||
* <b>Reduced Risk of Certain Conditions:</b> Some studies suggest that [[intact]] foreskin may help maintain moisture and prevent dryness-related issues. | |||
* <b>Alternative Intimacy Experiences:</b> Individuals with phimosis sometimes develop unique approaches to intimacy that focus on broader sensual experiences rather than conventional techniques. | |||
Some men state that they prefer non-retractable foreskin over retractable foreskin. | |||
==Physiologic phimosis== | ==Physiologic phimosis== | ||
Beaugé (1997) states that adult phimosis | [[Michel Beaugé| Beaugé]] (1997) states that adult phimosis persists when the individual uses unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Beaugé | |last=Beaugé | ||
|first=Michel | |first=Michel | ||
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* The tip of the foreskin is too narrow to pass over the [[glans penis]]. | * The tip of the foreskin is too narrow to pass over the [[glans penis]]. | ||
* The inner surface of the foreskin is fused or adherent by a [[synechia]] to the glans penis. | * The inner surface of the foreskin is fused or adherent by a [[synechia]] to the [[glans penis]]. | ||
* The [[frenulum]] is too short to permit retraction. The medical name for this condition is ''[[frenulum breve]]''. | * The [[frenulum]] is too short to permit retraction. The medical name for this condition is ''[[frenulum breve]]''. | ||
All may be conservatively treated without [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name='hill2012" /> | All may be conservatively treated without [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name='hill2012" /> | ||
=== Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood === | === Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood === | ||
[[File:Oester.jpg|frame|Percentage of boys with fused foreskin by age according to Øster]] | [[File:Oester.jpg|frame|Percentage of boys with fused foreskin by age according to Øster]] | ||
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|DOI=10.5402/2012/707329 | |DOI=10.5402/2012/707329 | ||
|accessdate=2019-11-02 | |accessdate=2019-11-02 | ||
}}</ref> Moreover the tip of the [[foreskin]] at birth is usually too tight to permit any retraction.<ref name="gairdner1949"/> Thus normal, natural childhood non-retractable foreskin, which must be distinguished from pathological phimosis,<ref name="shahid2012" /> has been given the name ''physiological phimosis'' to distinguish it from ''pathological phimosis'' in adults.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | }}</ref> Moreover the tip of the [[foreskin]] at birth is usually too tight to permit any retraction.<ref name="gairdner1949"/> Thus normal, natural childhood non-retractable foreskin, which must be distinguished from pathological phimosis,<ref name="shahid2012" /> has been given the name ''physiological phimosis'' to distinguish it from ''pathological phimosis'' in adults.<ref name="shahid2012"/> | ||
Physiological phimosis | [[Physiological phimosis]] is a normal, healthy stage of development in youth that does not require treatment. | ||
From a medical standpoint, an otherwise symptom-free [[phimosis]], even after dissolution of preputial adhesions, does not require any treatment before the child enters puberty. The widespread notion that full retractability has to be achieved by a certain age, derives from obsolete assumptions and studies which only covered children's development until they entered school, but not beyond that point. | From a medical standpoint, an otherwise symptom-free [[phimosis]], even after dissolution of preputial adhesions, does not require any treatment before the child enters [[puberty]]. The widespread notion that full retractability has to be achieved by a certain age, derives from obsolete assumptions and studies which only covered children's development until they entered school, but not beyond that point. | ||
Even though the data from [[Jakob Øster]]'s studies have been known for | Even though the data from [[Jakob Øster]]'s studies have been known for more than half a century,<ref name="Øster1968">{{OesterJ 1968}}</ref> some check lists for school doctors‘ examinations still erroneously refer to normal, healthy [[physiological phimosis]] as an abnormality. | ||
In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | ||
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable [[foreskin]] and about 50 percent do not have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Thorvaldsen | |last=Thorvaldsen | ||
|init=MA | |init=MA | ||
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|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2019-11-01 | |accessdate=2019-11-01 | ||
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable foreskin in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> | }}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable [[foreskin]] in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> An estimated two percent to 5 percent of adult males live with a non-retractable [[foreskin]],<ref name="shahid2012" /> in which retraction did not spontaneously develop, which is a normal variant. | ||
If treatment is elected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal | If treatment is elected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal | ||
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==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
It appears that Americans may be less tolerant of phimosis than persons from other cultures. | |||
====No treatment==== | ====No treatment==== | ||
Non-retractile or tight foreskin is a condition, not a disease. It is not life threatening. One may elect to remain as one is, without treatment. Many men do not have an issue with non-retractile [[foreskin]]. | Non-retractile or tight foreskin is a condition, not a disease. It is not life threatening. One may elect to remain as one is, without treatment. Many men do not have an issue with non-retractile [[foreskin]]. There may be some variation in the acceptance of phimosis. Other nationalities may be more accepting of phimosis than Americans<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url= https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1iy44ba/uncircumcised_asians_and_foreskin_retraction/ | |||
|title=Uncircumcised Asians and foreskin retraction | |||
|publisher=Reddit | |||
|date=2025-02-25 | |||
|accessdate=2025-02-25 | |||
}}</ref> Some men seem to prefer the protection and sensation that the non-retractile foreskin provides. | |||
Many men can have sex, father children, and live happily with a non-retractile foreskin.<ref name="young">{{REFweb | Many men can have sex, father children, and live happily with a non-retractile foreskin.<ref name="young">{{REFweb | ||
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==== Manual stretching ==== | ==== Manual stretching ==== | ||
<b>Warning: There are reports of physicians who prescribe topical steroid cream to treat a tight or non-retractable foreskin, but fail to advise their patient that manual stretching is required.</b> | <b>Warning: There are reports of physicians who prescribe topical steroid cream to treat a tight or non-retractable foreskin, but fail to advise their patient that <u>manual stretching is required</u>.</b> | ||
=== Fingers === | === Fingers === | ||
The growth and hormonal surge during puberty alter both the size and size ratio of the [[penis]] and [[penile skin]] significantly. Also, the first [[masturbation]] aids in the process of [[stretching]] of the [[skin]] and detachment of any remaining childhood fusion. Manual [[stretching]] causes [[tissue expansion]] and a wider, retractable foreskin. | The growth and hormonal surge during [[puberty]] alter both the size and size ratio of the [[penis]] and [[penile skin]] significantly. Also, the first [[masturbation]] aids in the process of [[stretching]] of the [[skin]] and detachment of any remaining childhood fusion. Manual [[stretching]] causes [[tissue expansion]] and a wider, retractable foreskin. | ||
If, after that, the [[foreskin]] still remains too tight, resulting in pain during sexual activities, and making genital hygiene difficult, treatment is indicated. The individual should engage in [[stretching]] exercises, if needed with the aid of corticosteroid cream, which is available by prescription. Depending on the active substances, success rates of 80-90% have been documented.<ref>{{REFjournal | If, after that, the [[foreskin]] still remains too tight, resulting in pain during sexual activities, and making genital hygiene difficult, treatment is indicated. The individual should engage in [[stretching]] exercises, if needed with the aid of corticosteroid cream, which is available by prescription. Depending on the active substances, success rates of 80-90% have been documented.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
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====Circumcision==== | ====Circumcision==== | ||
Circumcision was the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] is less performed today, because it is becoming outmoded by newer and better treatments.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | Circumcision (partial penile amputation) once was the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. [[Neurotomy]] is a feature of every circumcision and causes severe loss of [[erogenous sensation of the foreskin]]. [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] is less performed today, because it is becoming outmoded by newer and better treatments.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | ||
* Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" /> | * Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" /> | ||
* Circumcision exposes the patient to the surgical risks of [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical misadventure, which rarely can include loss of the [[glans penis]], loss of the [[penis]] or [[death]]. | * Circumcision exposes the patient to the surgical risks of [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical misadventure, which rarely can include loss of the [[glans penis]], loss of the [[penis]] or [[death]]. | ||
* Circumcision permanently and irreversibly amputates the [[Foreskin sensitivity| highly innervated]], erogenous [[foreskin]], so its [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| multiple protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual physiological functions]] are destroyed and has many [[risks and complications]]. The sensitive head of the [[penis]] will be permanently exposed so the [[Glans penis| head]] will rub against clothing. Many men find this to be very painful. | |||
* Most men report a permanent substantial loss of [[Sexual sensation of the foreskin| sexual sensation]]. | |||
* Circumcision results in a permanent, usually two-toned, [[circumcision scar]]. | |||
* Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Erections are painful. Post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] caused swelling can last for many months. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound, causing [[wound dehiscence]]. Sexual and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] issues abound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and [[infection]]. Loss of the penis and [[death]] are known.<ref name="shahid2012" /> <ref name="williams-kapila1993">{{REFjournal | * Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Erections are painful. Post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] caused swelling can last for many months. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound, causing [[wound dehiscence]]. Sexual and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] issues abound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and [[infection]]. Loss of the penis and [[death]] are known.<ref name="shahid2012" /> <ref name="williams-kapila1993">{{REFjournal | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* Circumcision is irreverible amputation. Circumcision cannot be undone. [[Regret men]] are common. | |||
* Circumcision is irreverible amputation. Circumcision cannot be undone. | |||
<b><u>[[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] should be the treatment of last resort, to be used only after conservative methods of treatment fail.</u></b> | <b><u>[[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] should be the treatment of last resort, to be used only after conservative methods of treatment fail.</u></b> | ||
Kumar et al. (2017) graded phimosis from 0 to 5. They | Kumar et al. (2017) graded phimosis from 0 to 5. They claimed that [[adult circumcision]] is necessary to treat grades 4 and 5,<ref name="kumar2017">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Kumar | |last=Kumar | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 565: | Line 555: | ||
|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2021-01-14 | |accessdate=2021-01-14 | ||
}}</ref> Many men would prefer to live with phimosis in preference to losing one's [[foreskin]] to an [[adult circumcision]]. | }}</ref> however that is not certain. Many men would prefer to live with phimosis in preference to losing one's [[foreskin]] to an [[adult circumcision]]. Circumcision is usually an elective surgical amputation. Men who elect to be [[circumcised]] can only blame themself if they do not like the results. [[Regret men]] are common. | ||
== Adult onset phimosis == | == Adult onset phimosis == | ||
Adult onset phimosis is [[pathological phimosis]], which is caused by an abnormal, morbid, diseased condition. | |||
Phimosis or tight foreskin may be caused by a yeast infection. The proper treatment is to use an anti-fungal drug such as, for example, a cream that contains [https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4316/clotrimazole-topical/details Clotrimazole].<ref name="milos2022-09-19" /> | Phimosis or tight foreskin may be caused by a yeast infection. The proper treatment is to use an anti-fungal drug such as, for example, a cream that contains [https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4316/clotrimazole-topical/details Clotrimazole].<ref name="milos2022-09-19" /> | ||
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Lichen Scleroses, formerly called [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] when it occurs in males, hardens the [[foreskin]] and makes it non-retractable.<ref name="milos2022-09-19" /> | Lichen Scleroses, formerly called [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] when it occurs in males, hardens the [[foreskin]] and makes it non-retractable.<ref name="milos2022-09-19" /> | ||
In pathological phimosis, the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans without injury, due to a lack of elasticity caused by scarring or hardening. | In [[pathological phimosis]], the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans without injury, due to a lack of elasticity caused by scarring or hardening. | ||
Repeated infections of the tight foreskin cause this scarring. Also, forceful attempts to retract the foreskin cause tearing with subsequential scarred [[phimosis]]. [[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| Lichen sclerosus]], that first leads to adhesion and then to shrinking, can also be the cause of [[phimosis]]. This rare, non-contagious chronic [[skin]] disease is partly genetically caused and considered incurable.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Lichen_sclerosus|Lichen sclerosus|2019-09-25}}</ref> | Repeated infections of the tight foreskin cause this scarring. Also, forceful attempts to retract the foreskin cause tearing with subsequential scarred [[phimosis]]. [[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| Lichen sclerosus]], that first leads to adhesion and then to shrinking, can also be the cause of [[phimosis]]. This rare, non-contagious chronic [[skin]] disease is partly genetically caused and considered incurable.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Lichen_sclerosus|Lichen sclerosus|2019-09-25}}</ref> | ||
Pathological phimosis usually requires treatment. | [[Pathological phimosis]] usually requires treatment. | ||
A [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] may be indicated in severe cases of pathological phimosis, where neither non-surgical methods with corticosteroid cream nor foreskin-preserving [[preputioplasty]] are promising (for example with chronic [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]]) or have failed in previous attempts. | |||
==Pathological phimosis== | |||
Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/ | |||
|title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision? | |||
|last=Milos | |||
|first= | |||
|init=MF | |||
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos | |||
|publisher=Intact America | |||
|date=2022-09-19 | |||
|accessdate=2024-10-24 | |||
}}</ref> <ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Rickwood | |||
|first= | |||
|init=AMK | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Hemalatha | |||
|first2= | |||
|init2=V | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|last3=Batcup | |||
|first3= | |||
|init3=G | |||
|author3-link= | |||
|last4=Spitz | |||
|first4= | |||
|init4=L | |||
|author4-link= | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=Phimosis in boys. | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language= | |||
|journal=Brit J Urol | |||
|location= | |||
|date=1980 | |||
|volume=52 | |||
|pages=147-50 | |||
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/rickwood/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=7191744 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02945.x | |||
|doi= | |||
|accessdate=2024-01-13 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Some success has been shown with treatment by topical steroid cream, but other cases may be an indication for [[circumcision]].<ref name="rickwood1980" /> | |||
== Short frenulum (frenulum breve) == | == Short frenulum (frenulum breve) == | ||
[[Frenulum breve]] may prevent retraction and may be mis-diagnosed as phimosis | |||
If the [[frenulum]] is too short, it can hinder or even prohibit retraction of the foreskin. If the mechanical strain is too great, the frenulum can tear or rip apart. If the frenular artery, which runs within, is damaged in the process, it can lead to considerable and prolonged [[bleeding]]. When only small tears appear, it may heal spontaneously. | If the [[frenulum]] is too short, it can hinder or even prohibit retraction of the [[foreskin]]. If the mechanical strain is too great, the frenulum can tear or rip apart. If the frenular artery, which runs within, is damaged in the process, it can lead to considerable and prolonged [[bleeding]]. When only small tears appear, it may heal spontaneously. | ||
[[Frenulum breve]] is frequently confused with phimosis. To make a differential diagnosis, one may attempt to retract the foreskin when the penis is erect. Since the underside of the glans is attached to the inner foreskin by the [[frenulum]], if frenulum breve is present, the head of the penis will bend downwards due to the resulting tension when the foreskin is retracted. | [[Frenulum breve]] is frequently confused with phimosis. To make a differential diagnosis, one may attempt to retract the foreskin when the penis is erect. Since the underside of the glans is attached to the inner foreskin by the [[frenulum]], if frenulum breve is present, the head of the penis will bend downwards due to the resulting tension when the foreskin is retracted. | ||
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* Elongation of the frenulum with a [[skin]] graft. | * Elongation of the frenulum with a [[skin]] graft. | ||
Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat [[frenulum breve]]. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn an attractive fee from performing | Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat [[frenulum breve]]. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn an attractive fee from performing an [[adult circumcision]], so may be quick to recommend inappropriate and unnecessary injurious [[circumcision]] to an unwary patient. | ||
==Hygiene== | |||
The normal non-retractable [[foreskin]] may be easily flushed out with warm water and a [https://www.amazon.com/Syringe-Removing-Syringing-Medi-Grade/dp/B0842B1XMR?sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&psc=1 rubber-bulb type ear syringe]. Excessive washing and the use of soap should be avoided.<ref name="Birley1991">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Birley | |||
|init=HDL | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Wasker | |||
|init2=MM | |||
|last3=Luzzi | |||
|init3=GA | |||
|etal=yes | |||
|title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing | |||
|journal=Genitourin Med | |||
|date=1993-10-01 | |||
|volume=69 | |||
|issue=5 | |||
|pages=400-3 | |||
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=8244363 | |||
|pubmedCID=1195128 | |||
|DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-05 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Video== | ==Video== | ||
===Four common treatments for phimosis=== | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
<youtube>v=NPwFMSZjiII</youtube> | <youtube>v=NPwFMSZjiII</youtube> | ||
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* [[Frenulum breve]] | * [[Frenulum breve]] | ||
* [[Issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision]] | * [[Issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision]] | ||
* [[Longer foreskin is favored]] | |||
* [[Mitosis]] | * [[Mitosis]] | ||
* [[Paraphimosis]] | * [[Paraphimosis]] | ||
| Line 615: | Line 681: | ||
* [[Stretching]] | * [[Stretching]] | ||
* [[Tissue expansion]] | * [[Tissue expansion]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Physiological phimosis]], described in the [[Circumpendium]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Pathological phimosis]], described in the [[Circumpendium]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
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|date= | |date= | ||
|accessdate=2023-11-01 | |accessdate=2023-11-01 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Pro_Male_Collective/comments/1nrhivj/phimosis_is_not_a_justification_to_circumcise_the/ | |||
|title=Phimosis is not a justification to circumcise the penis | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-09-26 | |||
|accessdate=2025-09-27 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivists/comments/1nwbfkw/belgium_drops_coverage_for_circumcisions_for/ | |||
|title=Belgium drops coverage for circumcisions for phimosis | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-10 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-03 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/1ozfcdo/i_thought_i_was_fine_after_getting_circumcised/?chainedPosts=t3_1p4gj39 | |||
|title=i thought i was ‘fine’ after getting circumcised for phimosis… and it turns out i wasn’t. | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-11-17 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-23 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/1p2eyfg/i_had_a_little_phimosis_got_circumcised_i_regret/ | |||
|title=I had a little phimosis, got circumcised, I regret | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-11-20 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-23 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivists/comments/1nwbfkw/belgium_drops_coverage_for_circumcisions_for/ | |||
|title=Belgium drops coverage for circumcisions for phimosis | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2025-10 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-07 | |||
}} | |||
The following link contains graphic images and is only for those who are 18 years of age and older. | |||
* {{NSFW}} {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Phimosisappreciation/ | |||
|title=Phimosis appreciation | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=Reddit | |||
|accessdate=2026-03-11 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
[[Category:Foreskinned life]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Penile disorder]] | [[Category:Penile disorder]] | ||
[[Category:Teen]] | |||
[[Category:From Intactipedia]] | [[Category:From Intactipedia]] | ||
[[de:Phimose]] | [[de:Phimose]] | ||