United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →The guidance of the British Medical Association: Add text and citation. |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →British Circumcision Debate - Should Human Rights Outweigh Religious Rights: Add external link. |
||
| (13 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
|accessdate=2021-08-04 | |accessdate=2021-08-04 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
The introduction of [[circumcision]] as a medical practice was opposed by Dr. [[Herbert Snow]] who published a book entitled ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/57083/pg57083-images.html The Barbarity of Circumcision]'' in 1890. | |||
==Early Twentieth century== | ==Early Twentieth century== | ||
| Line 351: | Line 353: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Several papers critical of phimosis diagnosis practice in the UK were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rickwood & Walker (1989) reported that in the Mersey region (northwest England) "many boys are [[circumcised]] for development non-retractability of the prepuce rather than for true [[phimosis]] and that in consequence some two-thirds of the operations are unnecessary."<ref name="rickwood1989">{{REFjournal | Several papers critical of phimosis diagnosis practice in the UK were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rickwood & Walker (1989) reported that in the Mersey region (northwest England) "many boys are [[circumcised]] for [[Physiological phimosis| development non-retractability]] of the prepuce rather than for true [[pathological phimosis]] and that in consequence some two-thirds of the operations are unnecessary."<ref name="rickwood1989">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Rickwood | |last=Rickwood | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 469: | Line 471: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
In defence of the much criticised British GPs, it should be stated that the data they were provided by [[Douglas Gairdner]] regarding development of foreskin retractability was very inaccurate,<ref>{{REFjournal | In defence of the much criticised British GPs, it should be stated that the data they were provided by [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) regarding development of foreskin retractability was very inaccurate,<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Denniston | |last=Denniston | ||
|first=George C. | |first=George C. | ||
| Line 829: | Line 831: | ||
|accessdate=2025-01-15 | |accessdate=2025-01-15 | ||
|quote=During one particularly gruesome op on a dining room table in Bristol, a boy's penis "exploded" — causing him to almost die. | |quote=During one particularly gruesome op on a dining room table in Bristol, a boy's penis "exploded" — causing him to almost die. | ||
}}</ref> | |||
The [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (2026) wants to classify [[circumcision]] as "child abuse".<ref name="guardian2026">{{REFnews | |||
|title=Circumcision classed as possible child abuse in draft CPS document | |||
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/crown-prosecution-service | |||
|last=Weaver | |||
|first=Matthew | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Osuh | |||
|init2=Chris | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|publisher=The Guardian | |||
|website=https://archive.is/Ztx07 | |||
|date=2026-01-10 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-13 | |||
|format= | |||
|quote=Circumcision is to be classed as a potential form of child abuse under new guidance for prosecutors, amid concerns from judges and coroners about deaths and serious harms caused by the procedure. | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,126: | Line 1,146: | ||
==Circumcision deaths== | ==Circumcision deaths== | ||
Gairdner (1949) reported 16 deaths per year.<ref name="gairdner1949" /> Death from circumcision still occurs. | Gairdner (1949) reported 16 deaths per year.<ref name="gairdner1949" /> [[Death]] from circumcision still occurs. | ||
* Amitai Moshe, seven-days-old, stopped breathing and died after having been [[circumcised]] by a ''[[mohel]]'' (2007), who was a member of the [http://www.initiationsociety.net/ Initiation Society], at [https://www.goldersgreenshul.org.uk/ Golders Green Synagogue] in North London. It was thought that the infant had cardiac arrest, perhaps brought on by the [[Pain| painful circumcision]].<ref name="beckford2007">{{REFnews | * Amitai Moshe, seven-days-old, stopped breathing and died after having been [[circumcised]] by a ''[[mohel]]'' (2007), who was a member of the [http://www.initiationsociety.net/ Initiation Society], at [https://www.goldersgreenshul.org.uk/ Golders Green Synagogue] in North London. It was thought that the infant had cardiac arrest, perhaps brought on by the [[Pain| painful circumcision]].<ref name="beckford2007">{{REFnews | ||
| Line 1,170: | Line 1,190: | ||
* Boma Oruitemeka: Death by circumcision, severe hemorrhage. 1990, London, England, United Kingdom. | * Boma Oruitemeka: Death by circumcision, severe hemorrhage. 1990, London, England, United Kingdom. | ||
==Foreskin information from the National Health Service== | ==Foreskin information from the National Health Service== | ||
The National Health Service at Alder Hey has created a website with information about the [[foreskin]] for patients, parents and healthcare professionals.<ref>{{REFweb | The National Health Service at Alder Hey has created a website with information about the [[foreskin]] for patients, parents and healthcare professionals.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| Line 1,187: | Line 1,208: | ||
The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist. | The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist. | ||
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] | Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is not covered by the NHS, so parents must find a private medical or non-medical operator such as a [[mohel]] to perform the [[foreskin]] [[amputation]] and must pay the fee out of pocket as [[third-party payment]] is not available. Given the recent legal cautions uttered by the BMA,<ref name="bma2019" /> it may not be easy to find a medical practitioner willing to accept the risk. | ||
The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb | The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb | ||
| Line 1,253: | Line 1,274: | ||
* [[15 Square]] | * [[15 Square]] | ||
* [[Genital Autonomy]] | * [[Genital Autonomy]] | ||
* [[Initiation Society]] | |||
* [[Men Do Complain]] | * [[Men Do Complain]] | ||
* [[Secular Medical Forum]] | * [[Secular Medical Forum]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{URLwikipedia|United_Kingdom|United Kingdom}} | * {{URLwikipedia|United_Kingdom|United Kingdom}} | ||
* {{REFnews | |||
|title=And, cut! What it was like being circumcised in my 60s | |||
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/may/06/and-cut-what-it-was-like-being-circumcised-in-my-60s | |||
|last=Jeffries | |||
|first=Stuart | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=The Guardian | |||
|website= | |||
|date=2023-05-06 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-18 | |||
|quote= | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/cultures-that-reject-circumcision/ | |||
|title=Cultures That Reject Circumcision—And Why They’re Right | |||
|last=Alissa | |||
|first=Kristel | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link=Kristel Alissa | |||
|publisher=Intact America | |||
|date=2025-02-23 | |||
|accessdate=2025-05-08 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1qxqitc/queen_victorias_grandson_started_the_fad_of/ | |||
|title=Queen Victoria’s grandson started the fad of destroying British royal foreskins. | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2026-02-06 | |||
|accessdate=2026-02-07 | |||
}} | |||
{{REF}} | |||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Country]] | |||
[[Category:English-speaking nation]] | |||
[[Category:History]] | [[Category:History]] | ||
[[Category:Statistics]] | [[Category:Statistics]] | ||