United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
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|accessdate=2021-08-04 | |accessdate=2021-08-04 | ||
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The introduction of [[circumcision]] as a medical practice was opposed by Dr. [[Herbert Snow]] who published a book entitled ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/57083/pg57083-images.html The Barbarity of Circumcision]'' in 1890. | |||
==Early Twentieth century== | ==Early Twentieth century== | ||
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Several papers critical of phimosis diagnosis practice in the UK were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rickwood & Walker (1989) reported that in the Mersey region (northwest England) "many boys are [[circumcised]] for development non-retractability of the prepuce rather than for true [[phimosis]] and that in consequence some two-thirds of the operations are unnecessary."<ref name="rickwood1989">{{REFjournal | Several papers critical of phimosis diagnosis practice in the UK were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rickwood & Walker (1989) reported that in the Mersey region (northwest England) "many boys are [[circumcised]] for [[Physiological phimosis| development non-retractability]] of the prepuce rather than for true [[pathological phimosis]] and that in consequence some two-thirds of the operations are unnecessary."<ref name="rickwood1989">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Rickwood | |last=Rickwood | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
In defence of the much criticised British GPs, it should be stated that the data they were provided by [[Douglas Gairdner]] regarding development of foreskin retractability was very inaccurate,<ref>{{REFjournal | In defence of the much criticised British GPs, it should be stated that the data they were provided by [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) regarding development of foreskin retractability was very inaccurate,<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Denniston | |last=Denniston | ||
|first=George C. | |first=George C. | ||
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|accessdate=2025-01-15 | |accessdate=2025-01-15 | ||
|quote=During one particularly gruesome op on a dining room table in Bristol, a boy's penis "exploded" — causing him to almost die. | |quote=During one particularly gruesome op on a dining room table in Bristol, a boy's penis "exploded" — causing him to almost die. | ||
}}</ref> | |||
The [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (2026) wants to classify [[circumcision]] as "child abuse".<ref name="guardian2026">{{REFnews | |||
|title=Circumcision classed as possible child abuse in draft CPS document | |||
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/crown-prosecution-service | |||
|last=Weaver | |||
|first=Matthew | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Osuh | |||
|init2=Chris | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|publisher=The Guardian | |||
|website=https://archive.is/Ztx07 | |||
|date=2026-01-10 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-13 | |||
|format= | |||
|quote=Circumcision is to be classed as a potential form of child abuse under new guidance for prosecutors, amid concerns from judges and coroners about deaths and serious harms caused by the procedure. | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist. | The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist. | ||
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] | Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is not covered by the NHS, so parents must find a private medical or non-medical operator such as a [[mohel]] to perform the [[foreskin]] [[amputation]] and must pay the fee out of pocket as [[third-party payment]] is not available. Given the recent legal cautions uttered by the BMA,<ref name="bma2019" /> it may not be easy to find a medical practitioner willing to accept the risk. | ||
The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb | The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb | ||
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{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{URLwikipedia|United_Kingdom|United Kingdom}} | * {{URLwikipedia|United_Kingdom|United Kingdom}} | ||
* {{REFnews | |||
|title=And, cut! What it was like being circumcised in my 60s | |||
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/may/06/and-cut-what-it-was-like-being-circumcised-in-my-60s | |||
|last=Jeffries | |||
|first=Stuart | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=The Guardian | |||
|website= | |||
|date=2023-05-06 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-18 | |||
|quote= | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | * {{REFweb | ||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/cultures-that-reject-circumcision/ | |url=https://intactamerica.org/cultures-that-reject-circumcision/ | ||
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|date=2025-02-23 | |date=2025-02-23 | ||
|accessdate=2025-05-08 | |accessdate=2025-05-08 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1qxqitc/queen_victorias_grandson_started_the_fad_of/ | |||
|title=Queen Victoria’s grandson started the fad of destroying British royal foreskins. | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2026-02-06 | |||
|accessdate=2026-02-07 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Country]] | |||
[[Category:English-speaking nation]] | |||
[[Category:History]] | [[Category:History]] | ||
[[Category:Statistics]] | [[Category:Statistics]] | ||