Adolescent and adult circumcision: Difference between revisions
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[[Rosemary Romberg]] commented on adult circumcision in the [[United States]]: | [[Rosemary Romberg]] commented on adult circumcision in the [[United States]]: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
<i>In the United States doctors tend to consider the [[foreskin]] as something "dispensible." | <i>In the [[United States]], where many medical doctors are themselves victims of [[child circumcision]], doctors tend to consider the [[foreskin]] as something "dispensible." | ||
… | … | ||
It is difficult to ascertain the true percentage of actual need for adult circumcision among [[intact]] males. In a circumcision-oriented society such as ours many doctors prescribe the operation for conditions which could be resolved, often easily, without resort to surgery.…</i><ref>{{REFbook | It is difficult to ascertain the true percentage of actual need for adult circumcision among [[intact]] males. In a circumcision-oriented society such as ours many doctors prescribe the operation for conditions which could be resolved, often easily, without resort to surgery.…</i><ref>{{REFbook | ||
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|accessdate=2023-08-31 | |accessdate=2023-08-31 | ||
|note= | |note= | ||
}}</ref> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
[[Posthectomy]] is the proper medical term of [[excision]] and [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]], but is seldom used. Males who are considering adult circumcision should be aware that irreversible [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] is disabling in many ways.<ref name="andersen2025">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Andersen-Giberson | |||
|init=D | |||
|author-link=Dale Andersen | |||
|url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016 | |||
|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework | |||
|journal=Critical Disability Discourses | |||
|date=2025-12 | |||
|volume=10 | |||
|issue=2 | |||
|pages=1-37 | |||
|URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016 | |||
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786 | |||
|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens. | |||
|format=PDF | |||
|accessdate=2026-03-14 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<big><b>Circumcision is an [[amputation]] that cannot be reversed or undone. Circumcision is forever.</b></big> | |||
==Considerations before consent is granted== | |||
[[Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani| Cepeda-Emiliani]] et al. (2025) have provided this warning to men who are considering an adult circumcision. | |||
<blockquote> | |||
Regarding adult circumcision, the current knowledge of preputial | |||
and penile neuroanatomy and structure underscores the importance | |||
of meticulous patient selection for this procedure. Specifically, when | |||
adult circumcision is to be performed, factors such as the position of | |||
the [[circumcision scar]] line, the amount of inner prepuce retained, the | |||
tightness of the remaining penile skin, and whether a frenulectomy | |||
is performed should be carefully discussed and agreed upon by both | |||
the patient and the surgeon, with all decisions clearly documented in | |||
the [[informed consent]]. Recent survey findings underscore this need | |||
for dialogue: Callegari et al. showed that preferences regarding the | |||
amount of inner preputial remnant retained after circumcision vary | |||
considerably among individuals, reinforcing the importance of engaging patients in personalized discussions to align surgical decisions with their expectations.<ref name="cepeda2025">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Cepeda-Emiliani | |||
|first= | |||
|init=A | |||
|author-link=Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani | |||
|last2=Otero-Alén | |||
|first2= | |||
|init2=M | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|last3=Suárez-Quintanilla | |||
|first3= | |||
|init3=J | |||
|author3-link= | |||
|last4=Gándara-Cortés | |||
|first4= | |||
|init4=M | |||
|author4-link= | |||
|last5=García-Caballero | |||
|first5= | |||
|init5=T | |||
|author5-link= | |||
|last6=García-Caballero | |||
|first6= | |||
|init6=R | |||
|author6-link= | |||
|last7=García-Caballero | |||
|first7= | |||
|init7=L | |||
|author7-link= | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=The sensory penis: A comprehensive immunohistological and ontogenetic exploration of human penile innervation | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|journal=Andrology | |||
|date=2025-09-19 | |||
|volume= | |||
|issue= | |||
|article= | |||
|pages=1-41 | |||
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.70118 | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=40970806 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1111/andr.70118 | |||
|accessdate=2025-09-29 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
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==Consent== | ==Consent== | ||
Male [[circumcision]] is an ''elective'' surgical [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] part of the [[penis]]. Legally, the patient or his surrogate must grant [[Informed consent| ''informed'' consent]] before the surgery can be performed. A surrogate's powers are limited to granting consent for medically-indicated and necessary diagnosis and treatment of existing disease.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal | Male [[circumcision]] is <i>not</i> mandatory. It is an ''elective'', irreversible, surgical [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] part of the [[penis]]. Legally, the patient or his surrogate must grant [[Informed consent| ''informed'' consent]] before the surgery can be performed. A surrogate's powers are limited to granting consent for medically-indicated and necessary diagnosis and treatment of existing disease.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Myers | |last=Myers | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 60: | Line 142: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
The surgeon | The surgeon must provide all material information to the patient before [[informed consent]] can be granted. There is a strong tendency for the surgeon to omit telling the patient anything about the nature and [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ functions of the foreskin],<ref name="masood2005">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Masood | |last=Masood | ||
|init=S | |init=S | ||
| Line 85: | Line 167: | ||
}}</ref> which would be lost through [[amputation]] if consent should be granted. | }}</ref> which would be lost through [[amputation]] if consent should be granted. | ||
[[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision| Urologic surgeons]] in the [[United States]] derive a substantial fee from the performance of a [[circumcision]], so some may have a [[bias]] in favor of circumcision and may inappropriately recommend adult circumcision to patients when a conservative treatment would be satisfactory or even when no treatment is necessary. Patients should be wary and do their own research before granting consent for an <u>irreversible</u> [[circumcision]]. | [[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision| Urologic surgeons]] in the [[United States]] derive a substantial fee from the performance of a [[circumcision]], so some urologists may have a [[bias]] in favor of circumcision and may inappropriately recommend adult circumcision to patients when a conservative treatment would be satisfactory or even when no treatment is necessary. Patients should be wary and do their own research before granting consent for an <u>irreversible</u> [[circumcision]]. | ||
Milos (2022) advises: | [[Marilyn Fayre Milos| Milos]] (2022) advises: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
* A penis without a foreskin doesn’t work as nature intended for its owner or his sexual partner. | * A penis without a foreskin doesn’t work as nature intended for its owner or his sexual partner. | ||
| Line 105: | Line 187: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Performance of unneccesary circumcision simply to earn a surgical fee is [[Ethics_of_non-therapeutic_child_circumcision#Patient_exploitation| unethical patient exploitation]]. | |||
==Reasons for circumcision== | ==Reasons for circumcision== | ||
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All circumcisions are injurious because they amputate a [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ multi-functional body part], but in rare cases the benefit obtained by removing a deformed, diseased, or damaged foreskin may be of more value than the amputated [[foreskin]]. | All circumcisions are injurious because they amputate a [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ multi-functional body part], but in rare cases the benefit obtained by removing a deformed, diseased, or damaged foreskin may be of more value than the amputated [[foreskin]]. | ||
* Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision was the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the [[foreskin]] and its many useful functions. | * Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision was the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the [[foreskin]] and its many useful functions. There is a wide range of normal in foreskin length. [[Long foreskin| Longer foreskins]] are not deformed, so do ''not'' justify circumcision. | ||
* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal | * Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent [[balanoposthitis]], [[gangrene]], and recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Verma | |last=Verma | ||
|first=Shyam B. | |first=Shyam B. | ||
| Line 134: | Line 218: | ||
|DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875 | |DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875 | ||
|accessdate=2020-12-19 | |accessdate=2020-12-19 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical [[trauma]] and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal | * Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical [[trauma]] and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal | ||
| Line 207: | Line 291: | ||
|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessed=2020-12-20}}</ref> | |accessed=2020-12-20}}</ref> | ||
Many men who elect an irreversible non-therapeutic circumcision later express regret. | |||
===A word to intact teens=== | ===A word to intact teens=== | ||
Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] that is non-retractable for reasons of protection. The inner surface is fused with the [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the foreskin is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the foreskin and the foreskin gets wider as a boy ages, so the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction of the foreskin| retractable]]. Some boys go through puberty but find that their [[foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retraction. | Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] that is non-retractable for reasons of protection against [[trauma]] and [[infection]]. The inner surface is fused with the [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the foreskin is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the foreskin and the foreskin gets wider as a boy ages, so the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction of the foreskin| retractable]]. Some boys go through [[puberty]] but find that their [[foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retraction. | ||
Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who masturbate by pulling their [[foreskin]] away from the body, will not stretch the tight part of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin will persist. He advised changing the method of [[masturbation]] to the more conventional method of pulling the foreskin toward the body so that the narrow orifice gets stretched.<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal | Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who masturbate by pulling their [[foreskin]] away from the body, will not stretch the tight part of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin will persist. He advised changing the method of [[masturbation]] to the more conventional method of pulling the foreskin toward the body so that the narrow orifice gets stretched.<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal | ||
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[[Masturbation]] after circumcision may be painful if one doesn’t use lubrication because of lack of [[gliding action]]. | [[Masturbation]] after circumcision may be painful if one doesn’t use lubrication because of lack of [[gliding action]]. | ||
==Recovery period== | ==Recovery period== | ||
Recovery from an adult circumcision is frequently said to be six weeks. | Recovery from an adult circumcision is frequently said to be six weeks. Recovery does not include restoration of permanently lost functions. | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
Circumcision is a surgical operation. Like all surgical operations, there is risk of [[bleeding| hemorrhage]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap, including, rarely, loss of the [[penis]]. | |||
[[Erection]] tends to be painful and may cause [[wound dehiscence]].<ref name="wang2023">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Wang | |last=Wang | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 529: | Line 616: | ||
===Other adverse effects=== | ===Other adverse effects=== | ||
# Circumicision causes loss of [[body pleasure]]. | |||
# Circumcision causes both physical and psychic [[trauma]]. | # Circumcision causes both physical and psychic [[trauma]]. | ||
# Circumcision severs blood vessels and disrupts blood circulation in the [[penis]]. This frequently causes [[lymphoedema]] and [[erection]] difficulties. | # Circumcision severs blood vessels and disrupts lymph and blood circulation in the [[penis]]. This frequently causes [[lymphoedema]] and [[erection]] difficulties. | ||
# Circumcision invariably excises the [[ridged band]]. | # Circumcision invariably excises the [[ridged band]], resulting in partial loss of sensation. | ||
# Circumcision is a surgical [[amputation]] of functional tissue. The various [https://foreskinfunction.org/ functions] cease to operate. If the patient does not like the results, it cannot be reversed or undone. | # Circumcision is a surgical [[amputation]] of functional tissue. The various [https://foreskinfunction.org/ functions] cease to operate. <b>If the patient does not like the results, it cannot be reversed or undone.</b> | ||
# Recovery from adolescent or adult circumcision is slow and painful. [[Erection]]s are painful because the [[skin]] is stretched and the sutures are stressed. [[Wound dehiscence]] may occur. | # Recovery from adolescent or adult circumcision is slow and painful. [[Erection]]s are painful because the [[skin]] is stretched and the sutures are stressed. [[Wound dehiscence]] may occur. | ||
# The [[foreskin]] is protective of the [[glans penis]]. After the foreskin is amputated, the [[glans penis]] is exposed so that it touches clothing and other things. Some men report this causes extreme pain so that they cannot wear pants for an extended time. Some circumcised men complain of discomfort due to the head being permanently exposed. | # The [[foreskin]] is protective of the [[glans penis]]. After the foreskin is amputated, the [[glans penis]] is exposed so that it touches clothing and other things. Some men report this causes extreme pain so that they cannot wear pants for an extended time. Some circumcised men complain of discomfort due to the head being permanently exposed. | ||
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# The exposed [[glans penis]] will protect itself from friction by developing a layer of [[keratin]] and become cracked and hardened. The [[keratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will reduce its sensitivity. | # The exposed [[glans penis]] will protect itself from friction by developing a layer of [[keratin]] and become cracked and hardened. The [[keratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will reduce its sensitivity. | ||
# There are possible [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| emotional issues]] secondary to a partial loss of the [[penis]] through circumcision. | # There are possible [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| emotional issues]] secondary to a partial loss of the [[penis]] through circumcision. | ||
# The shaft of the penis becomes narrrower because of the loss of a double layer of skin | |||
==Financial considerations== | ==Financial considerations== | ||
Medical insurance policies vary with the provider of insurance. Most will pay for circumcision only if it is done to treat a medical condition. When circumcision is carried out for cosmetic reasons or personal desire, it is very unlikely that medical insurance would pay. The cost of an adult circumcision would include a facility fee, a surgeon's fee, an anesthesiologist's fee, and pre-operative and post-operative care. Garrett (2024) says the cost may range from $1,650 to $6,450.<ref name="garrett2024-03-07">{{REFweb | Medical insurance policies vary with the provider of insurance. Most will pay for circumcision only if it is done to treat a medical condition. When circumcision is carried out for cosmetic reasons or personal desire, it is very unlikely that medical insurance would pay. The cost of an adult circumcision would include a facility fee, a surgeon's fee, an anesthesiologist's fee, and pre-operative and post-operative care. Garrett (2024) says the cost may range from $1,650 to $6,450.<ref name="garrett2024-03-07">{{REFweb | ||
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===Videos=== | ===Videos=== | ||
Here are | Here are seven videos in which [[regret men]] who had an adult circumcision express their regret. | ||
==== Circumcised at 18 ==== | ==== Circumcised at 18 ==== | ||
<youtube>v=NAHGFx95D80</youtube> | <youtube>v=NAHGFx95D80</youtube> | ||
====Circumcised at 46==== | ====Circumcised at 46==== | ||
<youtube>v=pZ3n8CtcmRY</youtube> | <youtube>v=pZ3n8CtcmRY</youtube> | ||
| Line 621: | Line 712: | ||
<youtube>v=g2CwHbCDiAU</youtube> | <youtube>v=g2CwHbCDiAU</youtube> | ||
==== Circumcision Care - After Circumcision - 5 Post Circumcision Surgery Recovery Tips!==== | ==== Circumcision Care - After Circumcision - 5 Post Circumcision Surgery Recovery Tips!==== | ||
<youtube>v=xdrvq_10vTM</youtube> | <youtube>v=xdrvq_10vTM</youtube> | ||
====Why can’t I sleep after my circumcision operation?? Day 12 ==== | ====Why can’t I sleep after my circumcision operation?? Day 12 ==== | ||
<youtube>v=CLmxdbV3Uyc</youtube> | <youtube>v=CLmxdbV3Uyc</youtube> | ||
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{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Autocircumcision]] | |||
* [[Circumcision: Effect upon erectile function]] | |||
* [[Circumcision methods]] | * [[Circumcision methods]] | ||
* [[Circumcision scar]] | * [[Circumcision scar]] | ||
* [[Development of retractable foreskin]] | * [[Development of retractable foreskin]] | ||
* [[Doctors Cut Off Man’s Penis During Circumcision]] | * [[Doctors Cut Off Man’s Penis During Circumcision]] | ||
* [[Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision]] | |||
* [[Foreskin]] | * [[Foreskin]] | ||
* [[Foreskin comment]] | |||
* [[Foreskin sensitivity]] | * [[Foreskin sensitivity]] | ||
* [[Frenectomy]] | * [[Frenectomy]] | ||
* [[Frenuloplasty]] | * [[Frenuloplasty]] | ||
* [[Fusions and adhesions]] | |||
* [[Ischemia of the glans penis]] | * [[Ischemia of the glans penis]] | ||
* [[ | * [[American urologists and the practice of male circumcision]] | ||
* [[Neurotomy]] | |||
* [[Penis]] | * [[Penis]] | ||
* [[Phimosis]] | * [[Phimosis]] | ||
* [[Phimosis#Preputioplasty| Preputioplasty]] | * [[Phimosis#Preputioplasty| Preputioplasty]] | ||
* [[Posthectomy]] | |||
* [[The recovery after an adult circumcision]] | * [[The recovery after an adult circumcision]] | ||
* [[Regret men]] | * [[Regret men]] | ||
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|DOI=10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272 | |DOI=10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272 | ||
|accessdate=2022-10-14 | |accessdate=2022-10-14 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/CircumcisionGrief/comments/wemjzy/got_circumcised_4_months_ago/ | |||
|title=Got circumcised 4 months ago | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2022 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-26 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/FriendsOfTheFrenulum/comments/128dvgq/for_adults_contemplating_circumcision_what/ | |||
|title=For adults contemplating circumcision, what essential questions should they ponder to guarantee their decision is genuinely rooted in an informed choice — made autonomously and for their own well-being? | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2022 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-26 | |||
}} | }} | ||
* {{REFweb | * {{REFweb | ||
| Line 845: | Line 964: | ||
|date= | |date= | ||
|accessdate=2025-02-21 | |accessdate=2025-02-21 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://archive.md/Au7cV#selection-98.0-707.8 | |||
|title=Unjustifiable reason 1: Parents are clueless about the functions of the foreskin | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT Intactivism | |||
|date=2025-06-17 | |||
|accessdate=2025-06-24 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/1p67xlp/circumcision_ended_my_life/ | |||
|title=Circumcision ended my life | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=12-11-27 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-11 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/1ptxzrh/i_regret_getting_an_adult_circumcision/?chainedPosts=t3_1p67xlp | |||
|title=I regret getting an adult circumcision | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=12-12-23 | |||
|accessdate=2025-12-29 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/intactinfo/comments/1qe1kkl/the_neurological_cost_of_circumcision_a_breakdown/ | |||
|title=The Neurological Cost of Circumcision, A Breakdown of What's Removed | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2026-01-15 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-16 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1qgb86l/uncircumcised_easier_to_climax/ | |||
|title=Uncircumcised = easier to climax? | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=REDDIT | |||
|date=2026-01-18 | |||
|accessdate=2026-01-31 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivists/comments/1tygsl1/adult_circumcision_and_its_effect_on_pleasure/ | |||
|title=Adult circumcision and its effect on pleasure | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=Reddit | |||
|date=2026-06-06 | |||
|accessdate=2026-06-06 | |||
}} | }} | ||
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[[Category:Male genital mutilation]] | [[Category:Male genital mutilation]] | ||
[[Category:Penile surgery]] | [[Category:Penile surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Penis]] | |||
[[Category:Teen]] | [[Category:Teen]] | ||
[[de:Jugendlichen- und Erwachsenenbeschneidung]] | [[de:Jugendlichen- und Erwachsenenbeschneidung]] | ||