United States of America: Difference between revisions

(22 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 42:

}}</ref>

The United States is unique in having a [[circumcision industry]] that aggressively promotes the practice of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful infant [[circumcision]]. The decline of the unnecessary practice has been slowed by payments for unnecessary circumcision by various government heath programs and by continual encouragement and promotion of circumcision by the [[circumcision industry]]. However, the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys has been in gradual decline for several decades.

The United States is unique in having a [[circumcision industry]] that aggressively promotes the practice of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful, infant [[circumcision]]. The decline of the unnecessary practice has been slowed by payments for unnecessary circumcision by various government heath programs and by continual encouragement and promotion of circumcision by the [[circumcision industry]]. However, the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys has been in gradual decline for several decades.

Despite the financially self-serving promotional efforts of the [[circumcision industry]], Jacobson et al. (2021) reported the incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn infant boys was reported to have continued its slow decline to 52.1 percent in 2016.<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal

Line 130:

|accessdate=2025-09-17

}}</ref>

The United States is unusual among nations in that osteopathic physicians (DOs) enjoy equal standing with allopathic physicians (MDs)<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/ama-press-releases/aoa-and-ama-stand-against-misrepresentation-osteopathic-physicians#:~:text=The%20American%20Osteopathic%20Association%20%28AOA%29%20and%20the%20American,of%20osteopathic%20medicine%20by%20media%2C%20celebrities%20and%20companies.

|title=AOA and AMA stand against misrepresentation of osteopathic physicians

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=American Medical Association

|date=2020-11-04

|accessdate=2026-03-22

}}</ref> Osteopathic physicians observe four [[Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine]] in their practice.

==History==

Line 486:

Line 498:

===Late twentieth century===

====Third quarter====

The late twentieth century was characterized by increasing opposition to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys by [[intactivists]] and increasing efforts by the circumcision industry to protect [[third-party payment]] for performance of non-therapeutic circumcision of non-consenting boys; and by increasing recognition that newborn boys intensely feel [[pain]] and that non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]] is a [[trauma| horribly traumatic experience]].

The late twentieth century was characterized by increasing opposition to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys by [[intactivists]] and increasing efforts by the [[circumcision industry]] to protect [[third-party payment]] for performance of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of non-consenting boys; and by increasing recognition that newborn boys intensely feel [[pain]] and that non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]] is a [[trauma| horribly traumatic experience]].

[[Abraham Ravich]] (1951) falsely claimed that [[circumcision]] prevents [[cervical cancer]] in women.<ref name="ravitch1951">{{Ravich1951}}</ref>

Line 494:

Line 506:

[[Ernest L. Wynder]] (1954) promoted male circumcision to prevent cervical cancer in women.<ref name="wynder1954">{{Wynder1954}}</ref>

The Congress of the United States created the [https://www.medicaid.gov/ Medicaid program] in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid covers about 45 percent of births in the United States. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in 32 states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal

The Congress of the United States created the [https://www.medicaid.gov/ Medicaid program] in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid covers about 45 percent of births in the United States. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in 37 states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal

|last=Adler

|first=Peter W.

Line 589:

Line 601:

}}</ref>

</blockquote>

====Fourth quarter====

The statement in the 1971 manual was good medical science, then and now, but it did not sit well with the membership of the AAP because it provided no basis on which to promote non-therapeutic circumcision for profit. A four-member "ad hoc" task force was formed to produce a new statement to 'walk-back' the earlier statement to fit the desires of the membership, which was published in ''Pediatrics'' in 1975.<ref name="aap1975">{{REFjournal

Line 1,035:

Line 1,048:

[[Geoffrey T. Falk]] created the [http://www.cirp.org/ Circumcision Information and Resources Pages] in 1996 to take advantage of the newly-available Internet.

[[Ronald Goldman]], Ph.D., (1997) conducted a thorough review of the effect of the American practice of [[child circumcision]] on American society.<ref name="goldman1997">{{REFbook

|last=Goldman

|first=Ronald

|year=1997

|title=Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma

|url=https://circumcision.org/circumcision-the-hidden-trauma/

|chapter=7. The impact of circumcision on American society

|pages=139-75

|location=Boston

|publisher=Vanguard

|ISBN=0-9644895-3-8

|accessdate=2026-07-15

}}</ref>

Ross Povenmire (1998) questioned the authority of parents to grant consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of children.<ref name="povenmire1998">{{REFjournal

Line 1,327:

Line 1,354:

</blockquote>

The British journal, ''The Lancet'', published reports of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which purported to prove that male circumcision was protective against infection with [[HIV]]. The American Academy of Pediatrics consulted with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([[ACOG]]) and the American College of Family Physicians ([[AAFP]]) (those being the medical trade associations that represent the specialties that perform most non-therapeutic infant circumcisions and make most of the money from the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]). The three associations determined to make common cause to produce a position statement that would promote male circumcision based on its alleged protection against [[HIV]] infection. The AAP was to take the lead, but ACOG and AAFP provided representatives to the new [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012| AAP task force]], of which New York Jewess [[Susan Blank]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, was the chairwoman. This new task force did not publish a statement until 2012. The AAP declined to re-affirm the statement so it expired in August 2017.

The British journal, ''The Lancet'', published reports of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which purported to prove that male circumcision was protective against infection with [[HIV]]. The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] consulted with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([[ACOG]]) and the American College of Family Physicians ([[AAFP]]) (those being the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] that represent the specialties that perform most non-therapeutic infant circumcisions and make most of the money from the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]). The three associations determined to make common cause to produce a position statement that would promote male circumcision based on its alleged protection against [[HIV]] infection. The [[AAP]] was to take the lead, but ACOG and AAFP provided representatives to the new [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012| AAP task force]], of which New York Jewess [[Susan Blank]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, was the chairwoman. This new task force did not publish a statement until 2012. The AAP declined to re-affirm the statement so it expired in August 2017.

[[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2010) estimated approximately 117 neonatal circumcision-related deaths occur annually in the United States.<ref name="bollinger2010">{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref>

Line 1,346:

Line 1,373:

[[Brother K]] formed the [[Bloodstained Men]] in 2012.

The AAP, lead by the [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012]], finally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_.282012.29| fifth circumcision policy statement]] in the September 2012 issue of ''Pediatrics''. The [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| adverse criticism]] was overwhelming.

The [[AAP]], lead by the [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012]], finally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_.282012.29| fifth circumcision policy statement]] in the September 2012 issue of ''Pediatrics''. The [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| adverse criticism]] was overwhelming.

[[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2012) estimated that the total cost of non-therapeutic male circumcision, including hospital costs, repair of botched circumcisions, treatment of complications, and so on is more than $3 billion per year,<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb

Line 1,411:

Line 1,438:

The infamous [[Nebus v. Hironimus]] Florida [[circumcision]] case culminated after five years of litigation with Florida Family Court Judge [[Jeffrey Dana Gillen]] arrested the mother, [[Heather Hironimus]], and forced her to sign a consent for harmful, [[pain| painful]] circumcision in open court while handcuffed.

~~====~~Heather Hironimus signs consent form for circumcision of 4 and 1/2 year old son under extreme duress~~====~~

Heather Hironimus signs consent form for circumcision of 4 and 1/2 year old son under extreme duress

<youtube>Btxl4UGBdpc</youtube>

[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] commissioned a [https://www,doctorsopposingcircumcision.org new website] in 2016.

Line 1,459:

Line 1,486:

}}</ref>

The ill-fated 2012 [[AAP]] Circumcision Policy Statement expired on August 31, 2017 in accordance with AAP policy, because it was not reaffirmed. The AAP has had ''no'' official circumcision policy since that time.

The ill-fated, embarrassing 2012 [[AAP]] Circumcision Policy Statement expired on August 31, 2017 in accordance with AAP policy, because it was not reaffirmed. The AAP has had ''no'' official circumcision policy since that time.

[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] released a special report on circumcision for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.<ref name="doc2019">{{REFdocument

|title=Male Circumcision: A special report to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

|url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/w/images/Male_Circumcision_DOC_2019-02-01.pdf

|contribution=

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision

|format=PDF

|date=2019-02-01

|accessdate=2025-12-08

}}</ref>

[[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2019) discussed circumcision as an adverse childhood experience,<ref name-"bollinger2019">{{REFdocument

Line 1,640:

Line 1,679:

|accessdate=2025-06-01

}}</ref>

[[Intact America]] (2024) is tracking the opposition to [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]]. It reports [https://www.instagram.com/p/DKVZQGTRl77/ steadily increasing opposition] to [[child circumcision]].

[[Eric Clopper]] organized [[Intact Global]] in 2024, which has the goal of litigating in numerous states to ensure that boys will enjoy "the equal protection of the law".

====Second quarter====

[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews

[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its costly, ineffective, and harmful "voluntary male medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews

|title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program

|url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/

Line 1,659:

Line 1,701:

President Donald J. Trump appointment of [[Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr.]] to be Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services was approved by the United States Senate was ratified by the United States Senate on 13 February 2025. Kennedy wants to reform healthcare in the United States.

[[Eric ~~Clopper]] has organized~~ [[Intact Global]] ~~in 2024, which has~~ the ~~goal~~ of ~~litigating~~ in ~~numerous states to ensure that boys will enjoy~~ "~~the equal protection of the law~~". ~~Intact Global instituted a suit against the state~~ of ~~Oregon in March 2025~~.

Intact Global instituted a suit against the state of Oregon in March 2025.<ref>{{REFdocument

|title=Hadachek et al. v. Oregon Complaint

|url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/66119b8c4d0c10f1951590fc/67e6d9785f82dc54c6513cb7_2025-03-28%20-%20Hadachek%20v.%20Oregon%20-%20Amended%20Complaint%20(Conformed).pdf

|contribution=

|last=Clopper

|first=Eric

|publisher=Intact Global

|format=PDF

|date=2025-03-27

|accessdate=2025-04-01

}}</ref> [[Intact Global]] also filed suit against the state of Colorado in June 2026.<ref name="rubane2026">{{REFdocument

|title=Tristan Huff and Adam Schwartz, Plaintiffs, v. The State of Colorado

|trans-title=

|language=

|url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/66119b8c4d0c10f195159122/6a3185315bbad632a188ed5f_2026-06-09---Huff-v.-Colorado-Complaint---Equal-Protection-Challenge-(Conformed)---For-Press.pdf

|archived=

|contribution=

|quote=

|trans-quote=

|quote-lang=

|last=RuBane

|first=Thomas F.

|author-link=

|last2=Clopper

|first2=Eric

|author2-link=

|format=PDF

|date=2026-06-09

|accessdate=2026-06-17

}}</ref>

Data Panda has reported the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision by state on 24 May 2025. The incidence ranged from a low of 10 percent in Washington to a high of 91 percent in West Virginia.<ref>{{REFweb

Line 1,673:

Line 1,744:

}}</ref>

[[Jake Tran]] has produced a [[This should be a crime| video]] about the practice of ~~child~~ [[circumcision]] in the United States.

[[Jake Tran]] has produced a [[This should be a crime| video]] about the practice of [[child circumcision]] in the United States.

In a milestone for [[intactivism]], Microsoft Network (MSN) reported that the incidence of child circumcision in the United States has declined below 50 percent, which makes non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] the new NORM in the United States among newborn boys.<ref name="msn2025">{{REFnews

In a milestone for [[intactivism]], Microsoft Network (MSN) (2025) reported that the incidence of [[child circumcision]] in the United States has declined below 50 percent, which makes non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] the new NORM in the United States among newborn boys.<ref name="msn2025">{{REFnews

|title=Less Than Half of U.S. Boys Now Circumcised

|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/less-than-half-of-us-boys-now-circumcised/ar-AA1MBjzN

Line 1,684:

Line 1,755:

|accessdate=2025-09-29

|quote=From 2012 to 2022, the prevalence of circumcision during hospitalization of male neonates age 0 to 28 days decreased significantly by nearly 5 percentage points, from 54.1% to 49.3%,

}}</ref>

Max Buckler published an article on need to rethink [[child circumcision]].<ref name="buckler2025">{{REFjournal

|last=Buckler

|first=

|init=M

|author-link=

|etal=no

|title=As controversies mount, circumcision policies need a rethink

|trans-title=

|language=

|journal=J Med Ethics

|location=

|date=2025-11-13

|volume=

|issue=

|article=jme-2025-111357

|page=

|pages=

|url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Buckler-Controversies-rethink-JME-2025.pdf

|archived=

|quote=f trust in the scientific community is to be sustained, scientific institutions must adhere to the highest standards for policy-making, apply ethical guidelines consistently, and demonstrate an eagerness to improve and correct ill thought-out positions.

|pubmedID=41207714

|pubmedCID=

|DOI=10.1136/jme-2025-111357

|accessdate=2026-07-16

}}</ref>

Line 1,784:

Line 1,881:

In the Midwest, the incidence of [[circumcision]] has declined to 75 percent, which translates to a [[genital integrity]] rate increase to 25 percent or 1 in 4 boys having an [[intact]] foreskin.<ref name="jacobson2021" /> The previous report from 2010 was one boy in five being intact,<ref name="bollinger2017" /> and before that it was 1 in 10 boys being [[intact]], so this in an increase of 250 percent (0.25/0.10 X 100 = 250%) in the rate of [[Intact| intactness]] for the Midwest. The still high incidence of circumcision in the Midwest is counterbalanced by the low incidence in the West.

=== Intactness is the new norm ===

=== Intactness is the new norm! ===

[[Intactness]] had previously been shamed in the United States,<ref name="garrett2023-12-21">{{REFweb

Line 1,798:

Line 1,895:

}}</ref> but that era has ended.

[[Intact America]] called attention to the existence of a "tipping point", when public opinion would shift toward [[intactness]] in 2016.<ref>{{REFweb

[[Intact America]] called attention to the existence of a "tipping point",<ref>{{REFbook

|last=Gladwell

|first=Malcomb

|init=

|year=2002

|title=The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference

|url=https://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624?s=books

|scope=

|location=

|publisher=Back Bay Books

|pages=301

|ISBN=SBN-10 0316346624

|accessdate=2025-12-01

}}</ref> when public opinion would shift toward [[intactness]] in 2016.<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://intactamerica.org/do-you-know-about-the-tipping-point/

|title=Do You Know: About the “Tipping Point?

Line 1,812:

Line 1,922:

The percentage of American boys being [[circumcised]] has been slowly but progressively declining for a long time, while the number of boys with [[intact]] [[foreskin]] has correspondingly increased.<ref name="jacobson2021" /> The percentage of [[intact]] newborn boys has exceeded the percentage of [[circumcised]] newborn boys since 2022.<ref name="yang2025" />

As the present trend continues, [[intactness]] is becoming the more usual, normal, and expected condition among newborn infant boys in America. The incidence of [[circumcision]] varies geographically so some ~~location~~ will report higher percentages [[circumcised]].

As the present trend continues, [[intactness]] is becoming the more usual, normal, and expected condition among newborn infant boys in America. The incidence of [[circumcision]] varies geographically so some locations will report higher percentages [[circumcised]].

==Forecast future incidence of child circumcision==

The incidence of harmful, unnecessary, nontherapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys declines at the rate of 0.5 of one percentage point per year or one percentage point every two years.<ref name="yang2025" />

Based on this historical rate of decline and assuming that it continues, we can forecast the future incidence of harmful [[child circumcision]] in the United States to be:

* 2023: 49.2%

* 2024: 48.7%

* 2025: 48.2%

* 2026: 47.7%

* 2027: 47.2%

* 2028: 46.7%

* 2029: 46.2%

* 2030: 45.7%

The declining incidence of [[circumcision]] correlates and coincides with the reported decline in the incidence of murder in the United States.<ref>{{REFnews

|title=U.S. murder rate approaches a record low

|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/06/30/nx-s1-5866810/us-murder-rate-record-low-crime-homicide

|last=Kaste

|first=Martin

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=National Public Radio

|website=https://www.npr.org/

|date=2026-06-30

|accessdate=2026-06-30

|format=

|quote="The United States almost certainly had the lowest murder rate ever recorded in 2025, with the FBI having data back to 1960," says crime data analyst Jeff Asher. "And the available evidence suggests that we're going to go even lower this year."

}}</ref>

==American [[genital integrity]] organizations==

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 }}</ref>
-The United States is unique in having a [[circumcision industry]] that aggressively promotes the practice of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful infant [[circumcision]]. The decline of the unnecessary practice has been slowed by payments for unnecessary circumcision by various government heath programs and by continual encouragement and promotion of circumcision by the [[circumcision industry]].  However, the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys has been in gradual decline for several decades.
+The United States is unique in having a [[circumcision industry]] that aggressively promotes the practice of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful, infant [[circumcision]]. The decline of the unnecessary practice has been slowed by payments for unnecessary circumcision by various government heath programs and by continual encouragement and promotion of circumcision by the [[circumcision industry]].  However, the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys has been in gradual decline for several decades.
 Despite the financially self-serving promotional efforts of the [[circumcision industry]], Jacobson et al. (2021) reported the incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn infant boys was reported to have continued its slow decline to 52.1 percent in 2016.<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
   |accessdate=2025-09-17
 }}</ref>
+The United States is unusual among nations in that osteopathic physicians (DOs) enjoy equal standing with allopathic physicians (MDs)<ref>{{REFweb
+ |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/ama-press-releases/aoa-and-ama-stand-against-misrepresentation-osteopathic-physicians#:~:text=The%20American%20Osteopathic%20Association%20%28AOA%29%20and%20the%20American,of%20osteopathic%20medicine%20by%20media%2C%20celebrities%20and%20companies.
+ |title=AOA and AMA stand against misrepresentation of osteopathic physicians
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |first=
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=American Medical Association
+ |date=2020-11-04
+ |accessdate=2026-03-22
+}}</ref> Osteopathic physicians observe four [[Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine]] in their practice.
 ==History==
@@ Line 486: / Line 498: @@
 ===Late twentieth century===
 ====Third quarter====
-The late twentieth century was characterized by increasing opposition to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys by [[intactivists]] and increasing efforts by the circumcision industry to protect [[third-party payment]] for performance of non-therapeutic circumcision of non-consenting boys; and by increasing recognition that newborn boys intensely feel [[pain]] and that non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]] is a [[trauma| horribly traumatic experience]].
+The late twentieth century was characterized by increasing opposition to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys by [[intactivists]] and increasing efforts by the [[circumcision industry]] to protect [[third-party payment]] for performance of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of non-consenting boys; and by increasing recognition that newborn boys intensely feel [[pain]] and that non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]] is a [[trauma| horribly traumatic experience]].
 [[Abraham Ravich]] (1951) falsely claimed that [[circumcision]] prevents [[cervical cancer]] in women.<ref name="ravitch1951">{{Ravich1951}}</ref>
@@ Line 494: / Line 506: @@
 [[Ernest L. Wynder]] (1954) promoted male circumcision to prevent cervical cancer in women.<ref name="wynder1954">{{Wynder1954}}</ref>
-The Congress of the United States created the [https://www.medicaid.gov/ Medicaid program] in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid covers about 45 percent of births in the United States. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in 32 states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal
+The Congress of the United States created the [https://www.medicaid.gov/ Medicaid program] in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid covers about 45 percent of births in the United States. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in 37 states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal
   |last=Adler
   |first=Peter W.
@@ Line 589: / Line 601: @@
   }}</ref>
 </blockquote>
 ====Fourth quarter====
 The statement in the 1971 manual was good medical science, then and now, but it did not sit well with the membership of the AAP because it provided no basis on which to promote non-therapeutic circumcision for profit. A four-member "ad hoc" task force was formed to produce a new statement to 'walk-back' the earlier statement to fit the desires of the membership, which was published in ''Pediatrics'' in 1975.<ref name="aap1975">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 1,035: / Line 1,048: @@
 [[Geoffrey T. Falk]] created the [http://www.cirp.org/ Circumcision Information and Resources Pages] in 1996 to take advantage of the newly-available Internet.
+[[Ronald Goldman]], Ph.D., (1997) conducted a thorough review of the effect of the American practice of [[child circumcision]] on American society.<ref name="goldman1997">{{REFbook
+ |last=Goldman
+ |first=Ronald
+ |year=1997
+ |title=Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma
+ |url=https://circumcision.org/circumcision-the-hidden-trauma/
+ |chapter=7. The impact of circumcision on American society
+ |pages=139-75
+ |location=Boston
+ |publisher=Vanguard
+ |ISBN=0-9644895-3-8
+ |accessdate=2026-07-15
+ }}</ref>
 Ross Povenmire (1998) questioned the authority of parents to grant consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of children.<ref name="povenmire1998">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 1,327: / Line 1,354: @@
 </blockquote>
-The British journal, ''The Lancet'', published reports of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which purported to prove that male circumcision was protective against infection with [[HIV]]. The American Academy of Pediatrics consulted with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([[ACOG]]) and the American College of Family Physicians ([[AAFP]]) (those being the medical trade associations that represent the specialties that perform most non-therapeutic infant circumcisions and make most of the money from the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]). The three associations determined to make common cause to produce a position statement that would promote male circumcision based on its alleged protection against [[HIV]] infection. The AAP was to take the lead, but ACOG and AAFP provided representatives to the new [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012| AAP task force]], of which New York Jewess [[Susan Blank]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, was the chairwoman. This new task force did not publish a statement until 2012. The AAP declined to re-affirm the statement so it expired in August 2017.
+The British journal, ''The Lancet'', published reports of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which purported to prove that male circumcision was protective against infection with [[HIV]]. The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] consulted with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([[ACOG]]) and the American College of Family Physicians ([[AAFP]]) (those being the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] that represent the specialties that perform most non-therapeutic infant circumcisions and make most of the money from the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]). The three associations determined to make common cause to produce a position statement that would promote male circumcision based on its alleged protection against [[HIV]] infection. The [[AAP]] was to take the lead, but ACOG and AAFP provided representatives to the new [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012| AAP task force]], of which New York Jewess [[Susan Blank]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, was the chairwoman. This new task force did not publish a statement until 2012. The AAP declined to re-affirm the statement so it expired in August 2017.
 [[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2010) estimated approximately 117 neonatal circumcision-related deaths occur annually in the United States.<ref name="bollinger2010">{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref>
@@ Line 1,346: / Line 1,373: @@
 [[Brother K]] formed the [[Bloodstained Men]] in 2012.
-The AAP, lead by the [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012]], finally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_.282012.29| fifth circumcision policy statement]] in the September 2012 issue of ''Pediatrics''. The [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| adverse criticism]] was overwhelming.
+The [[AAP]], lead by the [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012]], finally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_.282012.29| fifth circumcision policy statement]] in the September 2012 issue of ''Pediatrics''. The [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| adverse criticism]] was overwhelming.
 [[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2012) estimated that the total cost of non-therapeutic male circumcision, including hospital costs, repair of botched circumcisions, treatment of complications, and so on is more than $3 billion per year,<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb
@@ Line 1,411: / Line 1,438: @@
 The infamous [[Nebus v. Hironimus]] Florida [[circumcision]] case culminated after five years of litigation with Florida Family Court Judge [[Jeffrey Dana Gillen]] arrested the mother, [[Heather Hironimus]], and forced her to sign a consent for harmful, [[pain| painful]] circumcision in open court while handcuffed.
-====Heather Hironimus signs consent form for circumcision of 4 and 1/2 year old son under extreme duress====
+<br><br>
+<b>Heather Hironimus signs consent form for circumcision of 4 and 1/2 year old son under extreme duress</b>
 <youtube>Btxl4UGBdpc</youtube>
 [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] commissioned a [https://www,doctorsopposingcircumcision.org new website] in 2016.
@@ Line 1,459: / Line 1,486: @@
 }}</ref>
-The ill-fated 2012 [[AAP]] Circumcision Policy Statement expired on August 31, 2017 in accordance with AAP policy, because it was not reaffirmed. The AAP has had ''no'' official circumcision policy since that time.
+The ill-fated, embarrassing 2012 [[AAP]] Circumcision Policy Statement expired on August 31, 2017 in accordance with AAP policy, because it was not reaffirmed. The AAP has had ''no'' official circumcision policy since that time.
+[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] released a special report on circumcision for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.<ref name="doc2019">{{REFdocument
+ |title=Male Circumcision: A special report to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
+ |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/w/images/Male_Circumcision_DOC_2019-02-01.pdf
+ |contribution=
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |first=
+ |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
+ |format=PDF
+ |date=2019-02-01
+ |accessdate=2025-12-08
+}}</ref>
 [[Dan Bollinger|Bollinger]] (2019) discussed circumcision as an adverse childhood experience,<ref name-"bollinger2019">{{REFdocument
@@ Line 1,640: / Line 1,679: @@
   |accessdate=2025-06-01
 }}</ref>
+[[Intact America]] (2024) is tracking the opposition to [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]]. It reports [https://www.instagram.com/p/DKVZQGTRl77/ steadily increasing opposition] to [[child circumcision]].
+[[Eric Clopper]] organized [[Intact Global]] in 2024, which has the goal of litigating in numerous states to ensure that boys will enjoy "the equal protection of the law".
 ====Second quarter====
-[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
+[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its costly, ineffective, and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
   |title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
   |url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
@@ Line 1,659: / Line 1,701: @@
 President Donald J. Trump appointment of [[Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr.]] to be Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services was approved by the United States Senate was ratified by the United States Senate on 13 February 2025. Kennedy wants to reform healthcare in the United States.
-[[Eric Clopper]] has organized [[Intact Global]] in 2024, which has the goal of litigating in numerous states to ensure that boys will enjoy "the equal protection of the law". Intact Global instituted a suit against the state of Oregon in March 2025.
+Intact Global instituted a suit against the state of Oregon in March 2025.<ref>{{REFdocument
+ |title=Hadachek et al. v. Oregon Complaint
+ |url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/66119b8c4d0c10f1951590fc/67e6d9785f82dc54c6513cb7_2025-03-28%20-%20Hadachek%20v.%20Oregon%20-%20Amended%20Complaint%20(Conformed).pdf
+ |contribution=
+ |last=Clopper
+ |first=Eric
+ |publisher=Intact Global
+ |format=PDF
+ |date=2025-03-27
+ |accessdate=2025-04-01
+}}</ref> [[Intact Global]] also filed suit against the state of Colorado in June 2026.<ref name="rubane2026">{{REFdocument
+ |title=Tristan Huff and Adam Schwartz, Plaintiffs, v. The State of Colorado
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/66119b8c4d0c10f195159122/6a3185315bbad632a188ed5f_2026-06-09---Huff-v.-Colorado-Complaint---Equal-Protection-Challenge-(Conformed)---For-Press.pdf
+ |archived=
+ |contribution=
+ |quote=
+ |trans-quote=
+ |quote-lang=
+ |last=RuBane
+ |first=Thomas F.
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=Clopper
+ |first2=Eric
+ |author2-link=
+ |format=PDF
+ |date=2026-06-09
+ |accessdate=2026-06-17
+}}</ref>
 Data Panda has reported the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision by state on 24 May 2025. The incidence ranged from a low of 10 percent in Washington to a high of 91 percent in West Virginia.<ref>{{REFweb
@@ Line 1,673: / Line 1,744: @@
 }}</ref>
-[[Jake Tran]] has produced a [[This should be a crime| video]] about the practice of child [[circumcision]] in the United States.
+[[Jake Tran]] has produced a [[This should be a crime| video]] about the practice of [[child circumcision]] in the United States.
-In a milestone for [[intactivism]], Microsoft Network (MSN) reported that the incidence of child circumcision in the United States has declined below 50 percent, which makes non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] the new <b>NORM</b> in the United States among newborn boys.<ref name="msn2025">{{REFnews
+In a milestone for [[intactivism]], Microsoft Network (MSN) (2025) reported that the incidence of [[child circumcision]] in the United States has declined below 50 percent, which makes non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] the new <b>NORM</b> in the United States among newborn boys.<ref name="msn2025">{{REFnews
   |title=Less Than Half of U.S. Boys Now Circumcised
   |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/less-than-half-of-us-boys-now-circumcised/ar-AA1MBjzN
@@ Line 1,684: / Line 1,755: @@
   |accessdate=2025-09-29
   |quote=From 2012 to 2022, the prevalence of circumcision during hospitalization of male neonates age 0 to 28 days decreased significantly by nearly 5 percentage points, from 54.1% to 49.3%,
+}}</ref>
+Max Buckler published an article on need to rethink [[child circumcision]].<ref name="buckler2025">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Buckler
+ |first=
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=As controversies mount, circumcision policies need a rethink
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=J Med Ethics
+ |location=
+ |date=2025-11-13
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |article=jme-2025-111357
+ |page=
+ |pages=
+ |url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Buckler-Controversies-rethink-JME-2025.pdf
+ |archived=
+ |quote=f trust in the scientific community is to be sustained, scientific institutions must adhere to the highest standards for policy-making, apply ethical guidelines consistently, and demonstrate an eagerness to improve and correct ill thought-out positions.
+ |pubmedID=41207714
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=10.1136/jme-2025-111357
+ |accessdate=2026-07-16
 }}</ref>
@@ Line 1,784: / Line 1,881: @@
 In the Midwest, the incidence of [[circumcision]] has declined to 75 percent, which translates to a [[genital integrity]] rate increase to 25 percent or 1 in 4 boys having an [[intact]] foreskin.<ref name="jacobson2021" /> The previous report from 2010 was one boy in five being intact,<ref name="bollinger2017" /> and before that it was 1 in 10 boys being [[intact]], so this in an increase of 250 percent (0.25/0.10 X 100 = 250%) in the rate of [[Intact| intactness]] for the Midwest. The still high incidence of circumcision in the Midwest is counterbalanced by the low incidence in the West.
-=== Intactness is the new norm ===
+=== Intactness is the new norm! ===
 [[Intactness]] had previously been shamed in the United States,<ref name="garrett2023-12-21">{{REFweb
@@ Line 1,798: / Line 1,895: @@
 }}</ref> but that era has ended.
-[[Intact America]] called attention to the existence of a "tipping point", when public opinion would shift toward [[intactness]] in 2016.<ref>{{REFweb
+[[Intact America]] called attention to the existence of a "tipping point",<ref>{{REFbook
+ |last=Gladwell
+ |first=Malcomb
+ |init=
+ |year=2002
+ |title=The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference
+ |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624?s=books
+ |scope=
+ |location=
+ |publisher=Back Bay Books
+ |pages=301
+ |ISBN=SBN-10 0316346624
+ |accessdate=2025-12-01
+ }}</ref> when public opinion would shift toward [[intactness]] in 2016.<ref>{{REFweb
   |url=https://intactamerica.org/do-you-know-about-the-tipping-point/
   |title=Do You Know: About the “Tipping Point?
@@ Line 1,812: / Line 1,922: @@
 The percentage of American boys being [[circumcised]] has been slowly but progressively declining for a long time, while the number of boys with [[intact]] [[foreskin]] has correspondingly increased.<ref name="jacobson2021" /> The percentage of [[intact]] newborn boys has exceeded the percentage of [[circumcised]] newborn boys since 2022.<ref name="yang2025" />
-As the present trend continues, [[intactness]] is becoming the more usual, normal, and expected condition among newborn infant boys in America. The incidence of [[circumcision]] varies geographically so some location will report higher percentages [[circumcised]].
+As the present trend continues, [[intactness]] is becoming the more usual, normal, and expected condition among newborn infant boys in America. The incidence of [[circumcision]] varies geographically so some locations will report higher percentages [[circumcised]].
+==Forecast future incidence of child circumcision==
+The incidence of harmful, unnecessary, nontherapeutic [[circumcision]] of newborn boys declines at the rate of 0.5 of one percentage point per year or one percentage point every two years.<ref name="yang2025" />
+Based on this historical rate of decline and assuming that it continues, we can forecast the future incidence of harmful [[child circumcision]] in the United States to be:
+* 2023: 49.2%
+* 2024: 48.7%
+* 2025: 48.2%
+* 2026: 47.7%
+* 2027: 47.2%
+* 2028: 46.7%
+* 2029: 46.2%
+* 2030: 45.7%
+The declining incidence of [[circumcision]] correlates and coincides with the reported decline in the incidence of murder in the United States.<ref>{{REFnews
+ |title=U.S. murder rate approaches a record low
+ |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/06/30/nx-s1-5866810/us-murder-rate-record-low-crime-homicide
+ |last=Kaste
+ |first=Martin
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=National Public Radio
+ |website=https://www.npr.org/
+ |date=2026-06-30
+ |accessdate=2026-06-30
+ |format=
+ |quote="The United States almost certainly had the lowest murder rate ever recorded in 2025, with the FBI having data back to 1960," says crime data analyst Jeff Asher. "And the available evidence suggests that we're going to go even lower this year."
+}}</ref>
 ==American [[genital integrity]] organizations==