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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref> The penis is also known as the '''phallus'''.
}}</ref> The penis is also known as the '''phallus'''.
 
==Description==
The body of the penis consists of three cylindrical-shaped masses of erectile tissue which run the length of the penis. Two of the masses lie alongside each other and end behind the head of the penis. The third mass lies underneath them. This latter mass contains the [[urethra]]. The penis terminates in an oval or cone-shaped body, the [[glans penis]], which contains the exterior opening of the [[urethra]], or [[meatus]].<ref name="farlex2003"/> The final part of the penis is the [[foreskin]], also called the prepuce.
The body of the penis consists of three cylindrical-shaped masses of erectile tissue which run the length of the penis. Two of the masses lie alongside each other and end behind the head of the penis. The third mass lies underneath them. This latter mass contains the [[urethra]]. The penis terminates in an oval or cone-shaped body, the [[glans penis]], which contains the exterior opening of the [[urethra]], or [[meatus]].<ref name="farlex2003"/> The final part of the penis is the [[foreskin]], also called the prepuce.
==The four functions of the penis==
The four functions of the penis are:
# to be a handy tool for [[urination]] without disrobing.
# to be a a vehicle for reproduction.
# to provide [[Erogenous sensation of the foreskin| sexual pleasure and sensory function]].
# to provide partner satisfaction and friction reduction.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/key-functions-of-the-penis/
|title=Understanding the Key Functions of the Penis
|last=Cartwright-Smith
|first=Jeffrey
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-09-18
|accessdate=2025-10-02
}}</ref>


===Foreskin===
==Foreskin==


The normal [[intact]], [[foreskinned]] penis is enveloped in its tube of folded loose, highly innervated, movable, protective, erogenous skin,<ref name="winklemann1959">{{WinkelmannRK 1959}}</ref> the [[foreskin]] or prepuce, which unfolds to enable the penis to fully expand during [[erection]].<ref name="earp2018">{{REFjournal
The normal [[intact]], [[foreskinned]] penis is enveloped in its tube of folded loose, highly innervated, movable, protective, erogenous skin,<ref name="winklemann1959">{{WinkelmannRK 1959}}</ref> the [[foreskin]] or prepuce, which unfolds to enable the penis to fully expand during [[erection]].<ref name="earp2018">{{REFjournal
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  |accessdate=2024-09-25
  |accessdate=2024-09-25
}}</ref> and occurs after [[puberty]].
}}</ref> and occurs after [[puberty]].
Protection of the penis in childhood is important, so nature provides two ways to prevent retraction. Cold & Taylor (1999) report:
<blockquote>
The embryology of the penile prepuce has been controversial since the original account given by Schweigger-Seidel in 1866, who described a preputial fold that
progressively extended and fused with the epithelial covering of the glans. Glenister cited Retterer(1885–1915) as the first to show that the prepuce was formed by a combination of preputial folding and the ingrowth of a cellular lamella. This ingrowth creates the prepuce, glans, corona and coronal sulcus mucosa. This results in a common mucosal epithelium of the glans penis and the inner mucosal lining of the prepuce. The squamous mucosa of the glans penis, coronal sulcus and prepuce should be considered as one tissue compartment with a common cytokeratin polypeptide pattern.
The fused mucosa of the glans penis and the inner lining of the prepuce separates gradually over years, as a spontaneous biological process. Topical steroid
and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ointments are known to accelerate the glans-prepuce separation. In male rhesus monkeys exposed to intrauterine diethyl-stilbestrol, the normal separation of the glans/prepuce is delayed from a normal age of 2.5–3 years to 4.5–5.5 years. Despite this research, the hormones and/or growth factors responsible for this separation of the glans-prepuce are poorly understood. Gairdner found that 96% of newborn males have a fused mucosa; in
20% of boys aged 5–13 years, he reported that the prepuce could not be completely retracted. Oster confirmed in a large study that preputial non-separation (adhesions) is very common in children and teenagers. The separation of the prepuce/glans penis mucosa is usually complete by about age 17 years, as confirmed by later Chinese studies (Fig. 2). Recent work by Kayaba et al. verified that the preputial orifice may be tight in young boys, but resolves over time (Fig. 3). Without knowledge of the normal development of the penis, some physicians advocate childhood circumcision as a surgical treatment of normal anatomy. One study stated that microscopic examination of the prepuce circumcised for phimosis showed normal histology in 46% of cases. As the mean age in that study group was 8.7 years, almost half of these boys were circumcised for a normal stage of penile development; a tight preputial orifice with normal histology is not pathological in young boys, but should be considered a normal stage of penile development. Neonatal circumcision, before the prepuce has naturally separated, involves tearing the common prepuce/glans penis mucosa apart, with the concomitant risk of glanular excoriation and injury. Manipulation and retraction of the immature prepuce must be avoided to prevent scarring, bleeding, phimosis and psychological trauma.<ref name="cold1999">{{REFjournal
|last=Cold
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Christopher J. Cold
|last2=Taylor
|first2=
|init2=JR
|author2-link=John R. Taylor
|etal=no
|title=The prepuce
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=1999-01
|volume=83, Suppl. 1
|pages=34-44
|url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/w/images/Cold_and_Taylor_-_1999_-_The_prepuce.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=10349413
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x.
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2026-03-30
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


== Innervation ==
== Innervation ==
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  |DOI=10.1111/andr.70118
  |DOI=10.1111/andr.70118
  |accessdate=2025-09-30
  |accessdate=2025-09-30
}}</ref>
The <i>New Scientist</i> is now making the same claim.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Klein
|init=A
|author-link=
|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2520982-surprising-male-g-spot-found-in-most-detailed-study-of-the-penis-yet/
|title=Surprising male G-spot found in most detailed study of the penis yet
|journal=New Scientist
|date=2026-03-27
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|accessdate=2026-03-29
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==The four functions of the penis==
 
The four functions of the penis are:
# to be a handy tool for [[urination]] without disrobing.
# to be a a vehicle for reproduction.
# to provide sexual pleasure and sensory function.
# to provide partner satisfaction and friction reduction.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/key-functions-of-the-penis/
|title=Understanding the Key Functions of the Penis
|last=Cartwright-Smith
|first=Jeffrey
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-09-18
|accessdate=2025-10-02
}}</ref>




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  |accessdate=2025-10-08
  |accessdate=2025-10-08
}}
}}
 
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/the-intact-male-body/
|title=Why is an Intact Penis Important?
|publisher=Your Whole Baby
|accessdate=2026-01-29
}}
* {{NSFW}} {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/penisquestion/
|title=Penis question blog
|publisher=Reddit
|accessdate=2026-02-22
}}
{{REF}}   
{{REF}}   


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