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Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision: Difference between revisions

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The concern about the ongoing practice of [[child circumcision]] has spurred the publication of numerous articles in journals of medical ethics.
The concern about the ongoing practice of [[child circumcision]] has spurred the publication of numerous articles in journals of medical ethics.
==The Times They Are A-Changing==
The policies regarding the circumcision of male chilren are being rethought.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Buckler
|first=
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=As controversies mount, circumcision policies need a rethink
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Journal of Medical Ethics
|location=
|date=2025-11
|article=111357
|page=
|pages=
|url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Buckler-Controversies-rethink-JME-2025.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=41207714
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1136/jme-2025-111357
|accessdate=2026-07-14
}}</ref>


==Ethics journals  ==
==Ethics journals  ==
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<b>Aggravated battery</b> is defined as:
<b>Aggravated battery</b> is defined as:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
Aggravated battery is one of the most serious forms of battery . It usually involves a physical act or contact with another person without that person's consent and with an intention to cause harm. Usually, this involves some form of serious injury. Aggravated battery can result in temporary disfigurement, permanent disfigurement, irreparable harm, greater bodily harm, serious risk of death, loss of a limb or body part requiring surgery.
[[Aggravated battery]] is one of the most serious forms of battery. It usually involves a physical act or contact with another person without that person's consent and with an intention to cause harm. Usually, this involves some form of serious injury. Aggravated battery can result in temporary disfigurement, permanent disfigurement, irreparable harm, greater bodily harm, serious risk of death, loss of a limb or body part requiring surgery.


When an individual uses a “ deadly weapon ” during an attack, this will usually be interpreted by most states as aggravated battery. Deadly weapons include guns, knives, rocks, bricks, and even boots. They refer to any weapons that are able to cause harm. A person who has committed an aggravated battery will be charged with a high level misdemeanor or felony.<ref>{{REFweb
When an individual uses a “deadly weapon” during an attack, this will usually be interpreted by most states as [[aggravated battery]]. Deadly weapons include guns, knives, rocks, bricks, and even boots. They refer to any weapons that are able to cause harm. A person who has committed an aggravated battery will be charged with a high level misdemeanor or felony.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/aggravated_battery
  |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/aggravated_battery
  |title=aggravated battery
  |title=aggravated battery
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A scapel actually is a specialized knife, designed to cut human flesh, so a court may regard a scapel as a weapon.
A scapel actually is a specialized knife, designed to cut human flesh, so a court may regard a scapel as a weapon.
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Aggravated battery]]
* [[Brian D. Earp]]
* [[Brian D. Earp]]
* [[Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity]]
* [[Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity]]
Line 1,035: Line 1,060:
  |accessdate=2023-05-27
  |accessdate=2023-05-27
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* {{REFjournal
|last=Domashevskiy
|first=
|init=JA
|last2=Domashevskiy
|first2=
|init2=AV
|etal=no
|title=Ethics pertaining to the legalities of male routine infant circumcision and surrogate consent to non-therapeutic
surgery
|journal=J Clin Res Bioeth
|date=2016
|volume=7
|issue=4
|article=1000276
|url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&context=jj_pubs
|archived=
|quote=
|doi=10.4172/2155-9627.1000276
|accessdate=2026-06-23
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/bioethics/comments/1in2lv6/the_bioethics_of_infant_circumcision/
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/bioethics/comments/1in2lv6/the_bioethics_of_infant_circumcision/
Line 1,043: Line 1,089:
  |accessdate=2025-11-06
  |accessdate=2025-11-06
}}
}}
<b>The author of the following paper has improperly labelled surrogate consent as <i>proxy consent</i>.</b>
* {{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Bonyai
  |last=Bonyai
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  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
  |DOI=
  |DOI=
  |doi=
  |doi=10.4172/2155-9627.1000276
  |accessdate=2026-06-11
  |accessdate=2026-06-11
}}
}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


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