Circumcision and HIV: Difference between revisions

African RCTs: Improve footnote.
wikify "circumcision".
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This article discusses the relationship of male '''circumcision and HIV''' infection. For a discussi of circumcision and other sexually transmitted infections, see [[Circumcision and STDs]].
This article discusses the relationship of male '''circumcision and HIV''' infection. For a discussion of [[circumcision]] and other sexually transmitted infections, see [[Circumcision and STDs]].


Recently, circumcision has been heavily promoted as a method of preventing HIV. The [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] (WHO), now known to be corrupted, hasitly endorsed male circumcision as a form of HIV prevention in 2007, based on three recent studies (2005)& (2007) conducted in Africa (Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda) which claim that male circumcision is supposed to "reduce the risk of HIV transmission by 60%."<ref>{{REFweb
Recently, circumcision has been heavily promoted as a method of preventing HIV. The [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] (WHO), now known to be corrupted, hasitly endorsed male circumcision as a form of HIV prevention in 2007, based on three studies (2005) & (2007) conducted in Africa (Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda) which claim that male circumcision is supposed to "reduce the risk of HIV transmission by 60%."<ref>{{REFweb
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  |quote=
  |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/
  |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/
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As the safety, expected benefits, feasibility and acceptability of mass circumcision are all questionable, neither public-health interventions nor intervention studies appear to be defensible options before there is stronger evidence from observational studies in different settings that show lack of male circumcision may be a genuinely independent risk factor for the transmission of HIV.<ref>{REFjournal
As the safety, expected benefits, feasibility and acceptability of mass circumcision are all questionable, neither public-health interventions nor intervention studies appear to be defensible options before there is stronger evidence from observational studies in different settings that show lack of male circumcision may be a genuinely independent risk factor for the transmission of HIV.<ref>{REFjournal
  |last=Mertens
  |last=de Vincenzi
  |first=Isabelle
  |first=Isabelle
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  |first2=Thierry
  |first2=Thierry
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  |etal=so
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  |title=Male circumcision: a role in HIV prevention?
  |title=Male circumcision: a role in HIV prevention?
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=====South Africa=====
=====South Africa=====


Rosenberg ''et al''. (2018) report that circumcised men in South Africa are more likely to be HIV infection than in intact men.<ref name="Rosenberg2018">{{REFjournal
Rosenberg ''et al''. (2018) report that circumcised men in South Africa are more likely to be HIV infected than intact men.<ref name="Rosenberg2018">{{REFjournal
  |last=Rosenberg
  |last=Rosenberg
  |first=Molly S.
  |first=Molly S.
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  |accessdate=2007-11-30
  |accessdate=2007-11-30
}}</ref> Anti-retroviral treatment of infected patients also significantly reduces their ability to transmit HIV to others, by reducing the amount of virus in their bodily fluids to undetectable levels.<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128495103 NPR.org]</ref>
}}</ref> Anti-retroviral treatment of infected patients also significantly reduces their ability to transmit HIV to others, by reducing the amount of virus in their bodily fluids to undetectable levels.<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128495103 NPR.org]</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]


{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=http://www.nocirc.org/publish/11-HIV.pdf
  |url=http://www.nocirc.org/publish/11-HIV.pdf
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]


{{REF}}
{{REF}}