Pain: Difference between revisions
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →Traumatic effect of infant circumcision: Add text. |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →Traumatic effect of infant circumcision: Add text and citation. |
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===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision=== | ===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision=== | ||
There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes post traumatic stress disorder | There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes post traumatic stress disorder. Memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Hepper | |last=Hepper | ||
|first= | |first=PG | ||
|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
|etal=no | |||
|etal= | |||
|title=Fetal memory: Does it exist? What does it do? | |title=Fetal memory: Does it exist? What does it do? | ||
|trans-title= | |trans-title= | ||
|language= | |language=English | ||
|journal=Acta Pædiatrica (Stockholm) | |journal=Acta Pædiatrica Supplement (Stockholm) | ||
|location= | |location= | ||
|date=1996 | |date=1996-10 | ||
|volume= | |volume=416 | ||
|issue= | |issue= | ||
|pages= | |pages=16-20 | ||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/hepper1/ | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/hepper1/ | ||
|archived= | |archived= | ||
| Line 251: | Line 227: | ||
|pubmedID=8997443 | |pubmedID=8997443 | ||
|pubmedCID= | |pubmedCID= | ||
|DOI= | |DOI=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14272.x. | ||
|accessdate= | |accessdate=2020-11-11 | ||
}}</ref> and infants are now known to feel pain intensely,<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Anand | |||
|first=KJS | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Hickey | |||
|first2=PR | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|etal=yes | |||
|title=Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language=English | |||
|journal=N Engl J Med | |||
|location= | |||
|date=1987-11-19 | |||
|volume=317 | |||
|issue=21 | |||
|pages=1321-9 | |||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=3317037 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1056/NEJM198711193172105 | |||
|accessdate=2020-11-11 | |||
}}</ref> so all of the necessary requirements are present.<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Boyle | |||
|first=Gregory J | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Goldman | |||
|first2=Ronald | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|last3=Svoboda | |||
|first3=J. Steven | |||
|author3-link= | |||
|last4=Fernandez | |||
|first4=Ephrem | |||
|author4-link= | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=Male circumcision: pain, trauma and psychosexual sequelae | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language=English | |||
|journal=J Health Psychol | |||
|location= | |||
|date=2002 | |||
|volume=7 | |||
|issue=3 | |||
|pages=329-43 | |||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/boyle6/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=22114254 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1177/135910530200700310 | |||
|accessdate=2020-11-11 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as pain. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" /> | Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as pain. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" /> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients secondary to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Rhinehart | |||
|first=John | |||
|author-link= | |||
|title=Neonatal circumcision reconsidered | |||
|journal=Tranactional Analysis Journal | |||
|date=1999-07 | |||
|volume=29 | |||
|issue=3 | |||
|pages=215-21 | |||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/rhinehart1/ | |||
|accessdate=2020-11-11 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Video== | ==Video== | ||