Pain: Difference between revisions

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===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===

There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]]. ~~Memory~~ starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal

There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]] ̪(PTSD). Preverbal memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Hepper

|init=PG

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}}</ref>

Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that circumcised boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination as compared with intact boys.<ref name="taddio"1995">{{REFjournal

Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that circumcised boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination sixth months later as compared with intact boys,<ref name="taddio"1995">{{REFjournal

|last=Taddio

|init=A

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|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10316-0

|accessdate=2020-11-11

}}</ref>

}}</ref> showing that the nervous system had been permanently sensitized to heightened pain sensation.

Taddio ''et al''. (1997) concluded:

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</blockquote>

John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients ~~secondary~~ to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal

John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients pursuant to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Rhinehart

|init=J

@@ Line 199: / Line 199: @@
 ===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===
-There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]]. Memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal
+There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]] ̪(PTSD). Preverbal memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Hepper
   |init=PG
@@ Line 273: / Line 273: @@
 }}</ref>
-Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that circumcised boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination as compared with intact boys.<ref name="taddio"1995">{{REFjournal
+Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that circumcised boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination sixth months later as compared with intact boys,<ref name="taddio"1995">{{REFjournal
   |last=Taddio
   |init=A
@@ Line 341: / Line 341: @@
   |DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10316-0
   |accessdate=2020-11-11
-}}</ref>
+}}</ref> showing that the nervous system had been permanently sensitized to heightened pain sensation.
 Taddio ''et al''. (1997) concluded:
@@ Line 348: / Line 348: @@
 </blockquote>
-John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients secondary to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
+John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients pursuant to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Rhinehart
   |init=J