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m wikify Circumcision Information Australia
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m adjusted REFjournal
Line 27: Line 27:
  |last=Gairdner
  |last=Gairdner
  |first=Douglas M.
  |first=Douglas M.
|init=DM
  |title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
  |title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
  |journal=British Medical Journal
  |journal=British Medical Journal
Line 43: Line 44:
Morgan (1967) criticised non-therapeutic circumcision in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref>{{REFjournal
Morgan (1967) criticised non-therapeutic circumcision in a letter published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia''.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Morgan
  |last=Morgan
  |first=WKC
  |init=WKC
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |etal=No
  |etal=No
  |title=Penile plunder
  |title=Penile plunder
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=Med J Aust
  |journal=Med J Aust
  |location=
  |location=
Line 64: Line 63:


Wright (1967) slammed the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="wright1967">{{REFjournal
Wright (1967) slammed the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="wright1967">{{REFjournal
|last=Wright
|last=Wright
|first=JE
|init=JE
|author-link=
|author-link=
|etal=no
|etal=no
|title=Non-therapeutic circumcision
|title=Non-therapeutic circumcision
|trans-title=
|journal=Med J Aust
|language=
location=
|journal=Med J Aust
|date=1967-05-27
location=
|volume=1
|date=1967-05-27
|issue=
|volume=1
|pages=1083-7
|issue=
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/wright4/
|pages=1083-7
|quote=
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/wright4/
|pubmedID=6028342
|quote=
|pubmedCID=
|pubmedID=6028342
|DOI=
|pubmedCID=
|accessdate=2019-10-28
|DOI=
}}</ref>
|accessdate=2019-10-28
}}</ref>


The ''Australian Paediatric Journal'' issue of June 1970, published three articles critical of non-therapeutic infant circumcision.<ref name="leitch1970">{{REFjournal
The ''Australian Paediatric Journal'' issue of June 1970, published three articles critical of non-therapeutic infant circumcision.<ref name="leitch1970">{{REFjournal
  |last=Leitch
  |last=Leitch
  |first=I.O.
  |init=IO
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
Line 107: Line 104:
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Birrell
  |last=Birrell
  |first=R.G.
  |init=RG
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision
  |title=Circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=Aust Paediatr J
  |journal=Aust Paediatr J
  |location=
  |location=
Line 127: Line 122:
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Smith
  |last=Smith
  |first=E.D.
  |init=ED
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
Line 151: Line 146:
After considering the three papers published in the  ''Australian Paediatric Journal'', the [http://auspaediatrics.com.au/ Australian Paediatric Society] adopted a resolution on April 24, 1971 that the circumcision of male infants should not be performed as a routine measure.  That resolution subsequently was reported in a letter by Belmaine published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia'' on May 22, 1971.<ref name="belmaine1971">{{REFjournal
After considering the three papers published in the  ''Australian Paediatric Journal'', the [http://auspaediatrics.com.au/ Australian Paediatric Society] adopted a resolution on April 24, 1971 that the circumcision of male infants should not be performed as a routine measure.  That resolution subsequently was reported in a letter by Belmaine published in the ''Medical Journal of Australia'' on May 22, 1971.<ref name="belmaine1971">{{REFjournal
  |last=Belmaine
  |last=Belmaine
  |first=SP
  |init=SP
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |title=Circumcision
  |title=Circumcision
Line 206: Line 201:
  |last=Richards
  |last=Richards
  |first=David
  |first=David
|init=D
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |title=Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual?
  |title=Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual?
Line 220: Line 216:
Professor [[J. Neville Turner|Neville Turner]] (1996) reported that circumcised boys may sue their circumciser.<ref name="turner1996">{{REFjournal
Professor [[J. Neville Turner|Neville Turner]] (1996) reported that circumcised boys may sue their circumciser.<ref name="turner1996">{{REFjournal
  |last=Turner
  |last=Turner
  |first=Neville
  |first=J. Neville
|init=JN
  |author-link=J. Neville Turner
  |author-link=J. Neville Turner
  |title=Circumcised boys may sue
  |title=Circumcised boys may sue
Line 236: Line 233:
Enforced non-therapeutic genital cutting of unconsenting minors is overdue for recognition by the legal community as sexual mutilation. As we enter the 21st Century, appropriate legal action must be taken to safeguard the physical genital integrity of male children.<ref>{{REFjournal
Enforced non-therapeutic genital cutting of unconsenting minors is overdue for recognition by the legal community as sexual mutilation. As we enter the 21st Century, appropriate legal action must be taken to safeguard the physical genital integrity of male children.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Boyle
  |last=Boyle
  |first=Gregory J
  |first=Gregory J.
  |author-link=Gregory Boyle
|init=GJ
  |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle
  |last2=Svoboda
  |last2=Svoboda
  |first2=J Steven
  |first2=J. Steven
|init2=JS
  |author2-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |author2-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |last3=Price
  |last3=Price
  |first3=Christopher P
  |first3=Christopher P.
|init3=CP
  |author3-link=
  |author3-link=
  |last4=Turner
  |last4=Turner
  |first4=Neville
  |first4=J. Neville
|init4=JN
  |author4-link=J. Neville Turner
  |author4-link=J. Neville Turner
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
Line 353: Line 354:
  |last=Darby
  |last=Darby
  |first=Robert
  |first=Robert
|init=R
  |author-link=Robert Darby
  |author-link=Robert Darby
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Infant circumcision in Australia: a preliminary estimate, 2000–10
  |title=Infant circumcision in Australia: a preliminary estimate, 2000–10
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
  |journal=Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
  |location=
  |location=
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<blockquote>In conclusion, although there is a benefit of circumcision in those with urogenital tract anomalies, in a healthy newborn,the disease in the foreskin is non-existent. There is insufficient scientific evidence to support routine newborn circumcision in Australia done for UTI risk and HIV transmission issues alone. Therefore, any surgical complication and financial cost of routine newborn circumcision for these reasons in Australia currently cannot be justified. From a medical point of view, the‘price’ is still too high.<ref name="na2015">{{REFjournal
<blockquote>In conclusion, although there is a benefit of circumcision in those with urogenital tract anomalies, in a healthy newborn,the disease in the foreskin is non-existent. There is insufficient scientific evidence to support routine newborn circumcision in Australia done for UTI risk and HIV transmission issues alone. Therefore, any surgical complication and financial cost of routine newborn circumcision for these reasons in Australia currently cannot be justified. From a medical point of view, the‘price’ is still too high.<ref name="na2015">{{REFjournal
  |last=Na
  |last=Na
  |first=Angelika F
  |first=Angelika F.
|init=AF
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |last2=Tanny
  |last2=Tanny
  |first2=Sharman PT
  |first2=Sharman P.T.
|init2=SPT
  |author2-link=
  |author2-link=
  |last3=Hutson
  |last3=Hutson
  |first3=John M
  |first3=John M.
|init3=JM
  |author3-link=
  |author3-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
Line 411: Line 414:
  |last=Darby
  |last=Darby
  |first=Robert
  |first=Robert
|init=R
  |author-link=Robert Darby
  |author-link=Robert Darby
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
Line 446: Line 450:
<blockquote>There is insufficient scientific evidence to support routine newborn circumcision in Australia done for UTI risk and HIV transmission issues alone. Therefore, any surgical complication and financial cost of routine newborn circumcision for these reasons in Australia currently cannot be justified. From a medical point of view, the ‘price’ is still too high.<ref>{{REFjournal
<blockquote>There is insufficient scientific evidence to support routine newborn circumcision in Australia done for UTI risk and HIV transmission issues alone. Therefore, any surgical complication and financial cost of routine newborn circumcision for these reasons in Australia currently cannot be justified. From a medical point of view, the ‘price’ is still too high.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Na
  |last=Na
  |first=Angelika F
  |first=Angelika F.
|init=AF
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |last2=Tanny
  |last2=Tanny
  |first2=Sherman PT
  |first2=Sherman P.T.
|init2=SPT
  |author2-link=
  |author2-link=
  |last3=Hutson
  |last3=Hutson
  |first3=John M.
  |first3=John M.
|init3=JM
  |author3-link=
  |author3-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
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