United States of America: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref></blockquote>

Preston's paper elicited a response from CJ Falliers, {{MD}}, (1970) who cited the "sensory pleasure induced by tactile stimulation of the foreskin."<ref name="falliers1970">{{REFjournal

Preston's paper elicited a response from C. J. Falliers, {{MD}}, (1970) who cited the "sensory pleasure induced by tactile stimulation of the foreskin."<ref name="falliers1970">{{REFjournal

|last=Falliers

|first=

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</blockquote>

The American circumcision industry appears to have totally ignored Grimes' concerns.

It was at about this time that several small organizations that opposed non-therapeutic circumcision of boys started to appear. They were the first [[intactivists]], although that word had not yet been coined. One such organization was the Remain Intact Organization of Larchwood, Iowa, which was lead by Rev. Russell Zangger. From the 1970s to the 1990s Zangger sent out cards with New Testament quotations that said the outward sign of circumcision is of no value. [[Jeffrey R. Wood]] formed [[INTACT Educational Foundation| INTACT]] (Infants Need to Avoid Circumcision Trauma), founded in 1976 as a local resource serving Western Massachusetts, and "Dedicated to Preserving Freedom of Choice." The organization gained recognition and had members across the nation.

Boczko & Freed (1979) collected cases of penile cancer in circucised men and by so doing, disproved the false belief propagated since 1932 by [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]] that circumcision was protective against penile cancer.<ref name="boczko1979">{{REFjournal

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|accessdate=2021-10-07

}}</ref>

It was at about this time that several small organizations that opposed non-therapeutic circumcision of boys started to appear. One such organization was the Remain Intact Organization of Larchwood, Iowa, which was lead by Rev. Russell Zangger. From the 1970s to the 1990s Zangger sent out cards with New Testament quotations that said the outward sign of circumcision is of no value. Jeffrey R. Wood formed INTACT (Infants Need to Avoid Circumcision Trauma), founded in 1976 as a local resource serving Western Massachusetts, and "Dedicated to Preserving Freedom of Choice." The organization gained recognition and had members across the nation.

[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, while a nursing student at [https://www.mymarinhealth.org/locations/medical-center/ Marin General Hospital], witnessed an unanesthetized circumcision of a newborn boy. Shocked by the extreme [[pain]] and horror of it, she became an opponent of infant circumcision and was forced to resign from her position at Marin General Hospital where infant non-therapeutic circumcision is a profit center and promoted to parents. She immediately created the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]) in 1985.

Rosemary Romberg (1985) published Circumcision: The Painful Dilemma.

[[Rosemary Romberg]] (1985) published Circumcision: The Painful Dilemma.

[[Edward Wallerstein]] (1985) pointed out that the American way of practicing non-religious circumcision of boys is without parallel anywhere else in the world.<ref>{{REFjournal

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</blockquote>

The American Academy of ~~Pediatric~~'s 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.

The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]' 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a humorous poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.

[[Category:USA]]

@@ Line 461: / Line 461: @@
 }}</ref></blockquote>
-Preston's paper elicited a response from CJ Falliers, {{MD}}, (1970) who cited the "sensory pleasure induced by tactile stimulation of the foreskin."<ref name="falliers1970">{{REFjournal
+Preston's paper elicited a response from C. J. Falliers, {{MD}}, (1970) who cited the "sensory pleasure induced by tactile stimulation of the foreskin."<ref name="falliers1970">{{REFjournal
   |last=Falliers
   |first=
@@ Line 602: / Line 602: @@
 </blockquote>
 The American circumcision industry appears to have totally ignored Grimes' concerns.
+It was at about this time that several small organizations that opposed non-therapeutic circumcision of boys started to appear. They were the first [[intactivists]], although that word had not yet been coined.  One such organization was the Remain Intact Organization of Larchwood, Iowa, which was lead by Rev. Russell Zangger. From the 1970s to the 1990s Zangger sent out cards with New Testament quotations that said the outward sign of circumcision is of no value. [[Jeffrey R. Wood]] formed [[INTACT Educational Foundation| INTACT]] (Infants Need to Avoid Circumcision Trauma), founded in 1976 as a local resource serving Western Massachusetts, and "Dedicated to Preserving Freedom of Choice." The organization gained recognition and had members across the nation.
 Boczko & Freed (1979) collected cases of penile cancer in circucised men and by so doing, disproved the false belief propagated since 1932 by [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]] that circumcision was protective against penile cancer.<ref name="boczko1979">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 632: / Line 634: @@
   |accessdate=2021-10-07
 }}</ref>
-It was at about this time that several small organizations that opposed non-therapeutic circumcision of boys started to appear. One such organization was the Remain Intact Organization of Larchwood, Iowa, which was lead by Rev. Russell Zangger. From the 1970s to the 1990s Zangger sent out cards with New Testament quotations that said the outward sign of circumcision is of no value. Jeffrey R. Wood formed INTACT (Infants Need to Avoid Circumcision Trauma), founded in 1976 as a local resource serving Western Massachusetts, and "Dedicated to Preserving Freedom of Choice." The organization gained recognition and had members across the nation.
 [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, while a nursing student at [https://www.mymarinhealth.org/locations/medical-center/ Marin General Hospital], witnessed an unanesthetized circumcision of a newborn boy. Shocked by the extreme [[pain]] and horror of it, she became an opponent of infant circumcision and was forced to resign from her position at Marin General Hospital where infant non-therapeutic circumcision is a profit center and promoted to parents. She immediately created the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]) in 1985.
-Rosemary Romberg (1985) published <i>Circumcision: The Painful Dilemma</i>.
+[[Rosemary Romberg]] (1985) published <i>Circumcision: The Painful Dilemma</i>.
 [[Edward Wallerstein]] (1985) pointed out that the American way of practicing non-religious circumcision of boys is without parallel anywhere else in the world.<ref>{{REFjournal
@@ Line 704: / Line 704: @@
 </blockquote></i>
-The American Academy of Pediatric's 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.
+The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]' 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a humorous poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.
 {{REF}}
 [[Category:USA]]