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Two separate very-large-scale population based studies found no relationship between circumcision status and the risk of contracting [[HIV]] infection | Two separate very-large-scale population based studies found no relationship between circumcision status and the risk of contracting [[HIV]] infection: | ||
Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal | # Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal | ||
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|accessdate=2021-11-20 | |accessdate=2021-11-20 | ||
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# [[Morten Frisch]] and Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing [[HIV]] and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and [[HIV]] infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref> | |||
[[Morten Frisch]] and Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing [[HIV]] and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and [[HIV]] infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{ | |||
}}</ref> | |||
There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have ''not'' been effective in preventing [[HIV]] infection. | There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have ''not'' been effective in preventing [[HIV]] infection. | ||