Republic of the Philippines: Difference between revisions

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Tuli was introduced into the Philippine Islands hundreds of years ago, when the Islands were controlled by Muslims. Every since adult [[circumcised]] men have reenacted their own [[trauma]] on boys as reported by Vanderkolk.<ref name="vanderkolk1989">{{VanderKolkBA 1989}}</ref>

Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal

Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos-boyle2001">{{REFbook

|last=Ramos

|first=Samuel

|init=S

|author-link=

|last2=Boyle

|first2=Gregory J.

|init2=GJ

|author2-link=Gregory J. Boyle

|year=2001

|title=Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys

|work=Understanding circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem

|editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos M

|edition=

|volume=

|chapter=

|pages=253-70

|location=New York

|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

|isbn=

|quote=

|accessdate=2022-11-05

|note=

}}</ref> <ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal

|last=Boyle

|first=Gregory J.

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|last2=Ramos

|first2=Samuel

|init2=S

|init2=Shttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys

|author2-link=

|etal=no

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 Tuli was introduced into the Philippine Islands hundreds of years ago, when the Islands were controlled by Muslims. Every since adult [[circumcised]] men have reenacted their own [[trauma]] on boys as reported by Vanderkolk.<ref name="vanderkolk1989">{{VanderKolkBA 1989}}</ref>
-Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal
+Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos-boyle2001">{{REFbook
+ |last=Ramos
+ |first=Samuel
+ |init=S
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=Boyle
+ |first2=Gregory J.
+ |init2=GJ
+ |author2-link=Gregory J. Boyle
+ |year=2001
+ |title=Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder
+ |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys
+ |work=Understanding circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem
+ |editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos M
+ |edition=
+ |volume=
+ |chapter=
+ |pages=253-70
+ |location=New York
+ |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
+ |isbn=
+ |quote=
+ |accessdate=2022-11-05
+ |note=
+}}</ref> <ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal
   |last=Boyle
   |first=Gregory J.
@@ Line 45: / Line 69: @@
   |last2=Ramos
   |first2=Samuel
-  |init2=S
+  |init2=Shttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys
   |author2-link=
   |etal=no