Child circumcision: Difference between revisions
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==British family court opinion== | |||
The issue of non-therapeutic circumcision of male children came before the court in the case of ''[[Re B and G (children) (No 2) EWFC 3]] (2015)'' . In that case, Judge Sir James Munby ruled that circumcision of male children caused ''significant harm''. | |||
== Rights and ethics == | == Rights and ethics == | ||
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The term "circumcision" without a gender qualifier refers specifically to male circumcision. It means "to cut around," and it refers to the [[excision]] of the [[foreskin]] from the penis. The term is inaccurate and a euphemism because the operation actually cuts off or [[amputates]] the [[foreskin]], which in adults comprises about fifteen square inches of highly functional tissue. | The term "circumcision" without a gender qualifier refers specifically to male circumcision. It means "to cut around," and it refers to the [[excision]] of the [[foreskin]] from the penis. The term is inaccurate and a euphemism because the operation actually cuts off or [[amputates]] the [[foreskin]], which in adults comprises about fifteen square inches of highly functional tissue. | ||
Circumcision is most often performed in healthy males for [[Religion and Culture|religious or cultural]] reasons. The procedure may be performed on consenting adults, but it is most often performed on non-consenting minors, particularly newborn children, which is why the ritual is so controversial. Opponents of circumcision consider the circumcision of non-consenting minors to be unethical and a [[human rights]] violation, unless there is concrete [[medical indication]]. | Circumcision is most often performed in healthy males for [[Religion and Culture|religious or cultural]] reasons. The procedure may be performed on consenting adults, but it is most often performed on non-consenting minors, particularly newborn children, which is why the ritual is so controversial. Opponents of circumcision consider the circumcision of non-consenting minors to be unethical and a [[human rights]] violation, unless there is concrete [[medical indication]]. | ||
Two ethicists, Myers & Earp (2020), have conducted a detailed review and analysis of the claimed medical benefits of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]. They have determined that the alleged benefits are not material, so they do not support granting of consent by a surrogate. Moreover, they comment that even the most perfectly executed surgery produces [[trauma]] and harm to the patient. Circumcision also produces tissue loss and loss of function, therefore, circumcision should be performed only after the individual reaches the age of consent. Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Myers | |||
|first= | |||
|init=A | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Earp | |||
|first2= | |||
|init2=BD | |||
|author2-link=Brian D. Earp | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language= | |||
|journal=J Biosoc Sci | |||
|location= | |||
|date=2020-09 | |||
|volume=34 | |||
|issue=7 | |||
|pages=560-72 | |||
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bioe.12714 | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=32068898 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.1111/bioe.12714 | |||
|accessdate=2023-05-18 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Adolescent and adult circumcision]] | * [[Adolescent and adult circumcision]] | ||